Understanding the role of facial asymmetry in human face identification

Statistics and Computing

Volumn 17, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 57-70

  Mitra, Sinjini ^a   Lazar, Nicole A ^b   Liu, Yanxi ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA   (United States)

^c CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Bagging; Classification; Facial asymmetry; Feature subset; Resampling

Indexed keywords

EID: 34247207232     PISSN: 09603174     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11222-006-9004-9     Document Type: Article

References (19)

1. Anderson T.W. 1984. An Introduction to Multivariate Statistical Analysis, 2nd Edn. Wiley, New York.
2. Belhumeur P.N., Hespanha J.P., and Kriegman D. 1997. Eigenfaces vs. fisherfaces: Recognition using class specific linear projection. IEEE Transaction on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 19(7): 711-720.
3. Breiman L. 1996. Bagging predictors. Machine Learning 24(2): 123-140.
4. Burke P.H. and Healy M.J. 1993. A serial study of normal facial asymmetry in monozygotic twins. Annals of Human Biology 20(6): 527-534.
5. Freund Y. and Schapire R. 1997. A decision-theoretic generalization of online learning and an application to boosting. Journal of Computer and System Sciences 55(1): 119-139.
6. Hager J. and Ekman P. 1985. The asymmetry of facial actions is inconsistent with models of hemispheric specialization. Psychophysiology 22: 307-318.
7. Ho T.K. 1998. The random subspace method for constructing decision trees. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 20(8): 832-844.
8. Kanade T., Conn J.F., and Tian Y.L. 1999. Comprehensive database for facial expression analysis. In: 4th IEEE International Conference on Automatic and Gesture Recognition. Grenoble, Fr.
9. Lim J.S. 1990. Two-Dimensional Signal and Image Processing. Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
10. Liu Y. and Palmer J. 2003. A quantified study of facial asymmetry in 3d faces. In: Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE International Workshop on Analysis and Modeling of Faces and Gestures.
11. Liu Y., Schmidt K., Cohn J., and Mitra S. 2003. Facial asymmetry quantification for expression-invariant human identification. Computer Vision and Image Understanding Journal 91(1/2): 138-159.
12. Liu Y., Schmidt K., Cohn J., and Weaver R.L. 2002. Human facial asymmetry for expression-invariant facial identification. In: Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG'02).
13. O'Toole. 1998. The perception of face gender: the role of stimulus structure in recognition and classification. Memory and Cognition 26(1): 146-160.
14. Skurichina M. and Duin R.P.W. 1998. Bagging for linear classifiers. Pattern Recognition 31(7): 909-930.
15. Skurichina M. and Duin R.P.W. 2000. Boosting in linear discriminant analysis. In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 1857. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
16. Skurichina M. and Duin R.P.W. 2001. Bagging and the random subspace method for redundant feature spaces. In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 2096. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
17. Thornhill R. and Gangstad S.W. (1999) Facial attractiveness. Transactions in Cognitive Sciences 3(12): 452-460.
18. Troje N.F. and Buellhoff H.H. 1998. How is bilateral symmetry of human faces used for recognition of novel views? Vision Research 38(1): 79-89.
19. Viola P. and Jones M. 2001. Robust real-time object detection. In: International Conference of Computer Vision.