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Möttönen T, Hannonen P, Korpela M, et al. Delay to institution of therapy and induction of remission using single-drug or combination-disease-modifying antirheumatic drug therapy in early rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2002; 46:894-898.
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Bukhari MAS, Wiles NJ, Lunt M, et al. Influence of disease-modifying therapy on radiographic outcome in inflammatory polyarthritis at five years. Arthritis Rheum 2003; 48:46-53.
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Grigor C, Capell H, Stirling A, et al. Effect of treatment strategy of tight control for rheumatoid arthritis (the TICORA study): a single-blind randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2004; 364:263-269.
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Clinical and radiographic outcomes of four different treatment strategies in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (the BeSt Study). A randomized, controlled trial
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Goekoop-Ruiterman YPM, De Vries-Bouwstra JK, Allaart CF, et al. Clinical and radiographic outcomes of four different treatment strategies in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (the BeSt Study). A randomized, controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum 2005; 52:3381-3391.
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Understanding the window of opportunity concept in early rheumatoid arthritis
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Boers M. Understanding the window of opportunity concept in early rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2003; 48:1771-1774.
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Very recent onset arthritis: Clinical, laboratory, and radiological findings during the first year of disease
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Machold KP, Stamm TA, Eberl GJM, et al. Very recent onset arthritis: clinical, laboratory, and radiological findings during the first year of disease. J Rheumatol 2002; 29:2278-2287.
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Machold, K.P.1
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Comparison of long term outcome of patients with rheumatoid arthritis presenting with undifferentiated arthritis or with rheumatoid arthritis: An observational cohort study
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Van Aken J, Van Dongen H, Le Cessie S, et al. Comparison of long term outcome of patients with rheumatoid arthritis presenting with undifferentiated arthritis or with rheumatoid arthritis: an observational cohort study. Ann Rheum Dis 2006; 65:20-25.
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Prots I, Skapenko A, Wendler J, et al. Association of the IL4R single-nucleotide polymorphism 150V with rapidly erosive rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2006; 54:1491-1500. The authors identified a novel genetic marker, 150V IL4R single-nucleotide polymorphism, that may predict early joint destruction in individuals with RA. Importantly, cells from patients with this polymorphism differed in their responsiveness in vitro to interleukin-4, suggesting functional relevance of the polymorphism and a role for this cytokine in pathogenesis.
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Prots I, Skapenko A, Wendler J, et al. Association of the IL4R single-nucleotide polymorphism 150V with rapidly erosive rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2006; 54:1491-1500. The authors identified a novel genetic marker, 150V IL4R single-nucleotide polymorphism, that may predict early joint destruction in individuals with RA. Importantly, cells from patients with this polymorphism differed in their responsiveness in vitro to interleukin-4, suggesting functional relevance of the polymorphism and a role for this cytokine in pathogenesis.
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Khanna D, Wu H, Park G, et al. Association of tumor necrosis factor a polymorphism, but not the shared epitope, with increased radiographic progression in a seropositive rheumatoid arthritis inception cohort. Arthritis Rheum 2006; 54:1105-1116. This study shows an association of a TNF polymorphism and radiographic progression in patients with early seropositive RA. In the population studied, the effect was independent of the shared epitope, suggesting genetic complexity in this system or the manner in which patients may have been selected for study.
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Khanna D, Wu H, Park G, et al. Association of tumor necrosis factor a polymorphism, but not the shared epitope, with increased radiographic progression in a seropositive rheumatoid arthritis inception cohort. Arthritis Rheum 2006; 54:1105-1116. This study shows an association of a TNF polymorphism and radiographic progression in patients with early seropositive RA. In the population studied, the effect was independent of the shared epitope, suggesting genetic complexity in this system or the manner in which patients may have been selected for study.
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Geusens PP, Landewe RBM, Garnero P, et al. The ratio of circulating osteoprotegerin to RANKL in early rheumatoid arthritis predicts later joint destruction. Arthritis Rheum 2006; 54:1772-1777. In a group of early untreated RA patients, the osteoprotegerin/RANKL ratio, a reflection of osteoclast activity, was shown to be inversely related to radiographic progression of RA. When coupled with time-averaged electron spin resonance, the ratio predicted findings at 5 years. In addition to providing an additional marker for early disease, these findings suggest a contribution of both inflammation and osteoclast activation in the pathogenesis of joint destruction.
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Geusens PP, Landewe RBM, Garnero P, et al. The ratio of circulating osteoprotegerin to RANKL in early rheumatoid arthritis predicts later joint destruction. Arthritis Rheum 2006; 54:1772-1777. In a group of early untreated RA patients, the osteoprotegerin/RANKL ratio, a reflection of osteoclast activity, was shown to be inversely related to radiographic progression of RA. When coupled with time-averaged electron spin resonance, the ratio predicted findings at 5 years. In addition to providing an additional marker for early disease, these findings suggest a contribution of both inflammation and osteoclast activation in the pathogenesis of joint destruction.
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Mechanisms of TNF-a and RANKLmediated osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in psoriatic arthritis
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Ritchlin CT, Haas-Smith SA, Li P, et al. Mechanisms of TNF-a and RANKLmediated osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in psoriatic arthritis. J Clin Invest 2003; 111:821-831.
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Ritchlin, C.T.1
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Soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor kB ligand-osteoprotegerin ratio predicts survival in multiple myeloma: Proposal for a novel prognostic index
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Terpos E, Szydlo R, Apperley JF, et al. Soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor kB ligand-osteoprotegerin ratio predicts survival in multiple myeloma: proposal for a novel prognostic index. Blood 2003; 102:1064-1069.
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Terpos, E.1
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Reproductive factors, smoking, and the risk for rheumatoid arthritis
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Hernandez AM, Liang MH, Willett WC, et al. Reproductive factors, smoking, and the risk for rheumatoid arthritis. Epidemiology 1990; 1:285-291.
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Silman AJ, Newman J, MacGregor AJ. Cigarette smoking increases the risk of rheumatoid arthritis. Results from a nationwide study of disease-discordant twins. Arthritis Rheum 1996; 39:732-735.
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Silman, A.J.1
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Blood transfusion, smoking, and obesity as risk factors for the development of rheumatoid arthritis: Results from a primary care-based incident case-control study in Norfolk, England
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Symmons DP, Bankhead CR, Harrison BJ, et al. Blood transfusion, smoking, and obesity as risk factors for the development of rheumatoid arthritis: results from a primary care-based incident case-control study in Norfolk, England. Arthritis Rheum 1997; 40:1955-1961.
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Symmons, D.P.1
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Stolt P, Bengtsson C, Nordmark B. Quantification of the influence of cigarette smoking on rheumatoid arthritis: results from a population based case-control study, using incident cases. Ann Rheum Dis 2003; 62:835-841.
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Stolt, P.1
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A gene-environment interaction between smoking and shared epitope genes in HLA-DR provides a high risk of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis
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Padyukov L, Silva C, Stolt P, et al. A gene-environment interaction between smoking and shared epitope genes in HLA-DR provides a high risk of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2004; 50:3085-3092.
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Padyukov, L.1
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Cigarette smoking and rheumatoid arthritis severity
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Saag KG, Cerhan JR, Kolluri S, et al. Cigarette smoking and rheumatoid arthritis severity. Ann Rheum Dis 1997; 56:463-469.
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Saag, K.G.1
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Smoking, rheumatoid factor isotypes and severity of rheumatoid arthritis
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Masdottir B, Jonsson T, Manfredsdottir V, et al. Smoking, rheumatoid factor isotypes and severity of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology 2000; 39:1202-1205.
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Masdottir, B.1
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The effect of smoking on clinical, laboratory, and radiographic status in rheumatoid arthritis
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Wolfe F. The effect of smoking on clinical, laboratory, and radiographic status in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2000; 27:630-637.
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Manfredsdottir VF, Vikingsdottir T, Jonsson T, et al. The effects of tobacco smoking and rheumatoid factor seropositivity on disease activity and joint damage in early rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology 2006; 45:734-740. In this prospective study, the authors found that individuals who smoke, or ever smoked, have a higher disease activity during the first 24 months of their disease as well as IgA rheumatoid factor positivity. In view of studies of the relationship of smoking to anti-CCP antibodies in RA, the increase in IgA rheumatoid factor is interesting and suggests a link between protein citrullination and the induction of rheumatoid factors.
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Manfredsdottir VF, Vikingsdottir T, Jonsson T, et al. The effects of tobacco smoking and rheumatoid factor seropositivity on disease activity and joint damage in early rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology 2006; 45:734-740. In this prospective study, the authors found that individuals who smoke, or ever smoked, have a higher disease activity during the first 24 months of their disease as well as IgA rheumatoid factor positivity. In view of studies of the relationship of smoking to anti-CCP antibodies in RA, the increase in IgA rheumatoid factor is interesting and suggests a link between protein citrullination and the induction of rheumatoid factors.
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Does cigarette smoking influence disease expression, activity and severity in early rheumatoid arthritis patients?
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Papadopoulos NG, Alamanos Y, Voulgari PV, et al. Does cigarette smoking influence disease expression, activity and severity in early rheumatoid arthritis patients? Clin Exp Rheumatol 2005; 23:861-866.
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Clin Exp Rheumatol
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Papadopoulos, N.G.1
Alamanos, Y.2
Voulgari, P.V.3
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Nyhall-Wahlin BM, Jacobsson LTH, Petersson IF, et al. Smoking is a strong risk factor for rheumatoid nodules in early rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2006; 65:601-606. In this study of patients from the Barefoot Register (Better AntiRheumatic FarmacOTherapy), a program established to follow newly diagnosed cases of RA, the authors found a strong association between smoking and the development of rheumatoid nodules that did not appear to be dose-dependent as measured by smoking amount or smoking duration. As these studies suggest, smoking triggers a host of immunological events that translate into serological disturbance as well as profound inflammation in the joint or a subcutaneous site.
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Nyhall-Wahlin BM, Jacobsson LTH, Petersson IF, et al. Smoking is a strong risk factor for rheumatoid nodules in early rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2006; 65:601-606. In this study of patients from the Barefoot Register (Better AntiRheumatic FarmacOTherapy), a program established to follow newly diagnosed cases of RA, the authors found a strong association between smoking and the development of rheumatoid nodules that did not appear to be dose-dependent as measured by smoking amount or smoking duration. As these studies suggest, smoking triggers a host of immunological events that translate into serological disturbance as well as profound inflammation in the joint or a subcutaneous site.
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Avouac J, Gossec L, Dougados M. Diagnostic and predictive value of anticyclic citrullinated protein antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic literature review. Ann Rheum Dis 2006; 65:845-851. In this systematic review, the authors examine the specificity and sensitivity of the anti-CCP antibodies for both diagnosing and predicting disease development. While these antibodies are emerging as important markers for early disease, assay differences (including the measurement of antibodies to citrullinated proteins as opposed to citrullinated peptides) could impact on their use in the clinic.
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Avouac J, Gossec L, Dougados M. Diagnostic and predictive value of anticyclic citrullinated protein antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic literature review. Ann Rheum Dis 2006; 65:845-851. In this systematic review, the authors examine the specificity and sensitivity of the anti-CCP antibodies for both diagnosing and predicting disease development. While these antibodies are emerging as important markers for early disease, assay differences (including the measurement of antibodies to citrullinated proteins as opposed to citrullinated peptides) could impact on their use in the clinic.
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Hueber W, Tomooka BH, Zhao X, et al. Protoeomic analysis of secreted proteins in early rheumatoid arthritis: anticitrulline autoreactivity is associated with upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines. Ann Rheum Dis 2006; Aug 10 (Epub ahead of print). Antigen microarrays for anti-CCP measurement and multiplex assays for cytokines enlarge the perspective on the interplay of serology and immune disturbance in the pathogenesis of RA. As these studies suggest, these methodologies may allow identification of patient subgroups in the early RA population.
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Hueber W, Tomooka BH, Zhao X, et al. Protoeomic analysis of secreted proteins in early rheumatoid arthritis: anticitrulline autoreactivity is associated with upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines. Ann Rheum Dis 2006; Aug 10 (Epub ahead of print). Antigen microarrays for anti-CCP measurement and multiplex assays for cytokines enlarge the perspective on the interplay of serology and immune disturbance in the pathogenesis of RA. As these studies suggest, these methodologies may allow identification of patient subgroups in the early RA population.
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Matsui T, Shimada K, Ozawa N, et al. Diagnostic utility of anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies for very early rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2006; 33:2390-2397. The authors compared the utility of anti-CCP with matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, antiagalactosyl IgG antibody, and rheumatoid factor for diagnosing early RA. Matsui et al. found that the combined use of rheumatoid factor and anti-CCP may be better than either alone in diagnosing very early RA (defined as disease duration of less than 6 months with no prior treatment).
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Matsui T, Shimada K, Ozawa N, et al. Diagnostic utility of anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies for very early rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2006; 33:2390-2397. The authors compared the utility of anti-CCP with matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, antiagalactosyl IgG antibody, and rheumatoid factor for diagnosing early RA. Matsui et al. found that the combined use of rheumatoid factor and anti-CCP may be better than either alone in diagnosing very early RA (defined as disease duration of less than 6 months with no prior treatment).
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Early prediction of rheumatoid arthritis by serological variables and magnetic resonance imaging of the wrists and finger joints: Results from prospective clinical examination
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Tamai M, Kawakami A, Uetani M, et al. Early prediction of rheumatoid arthritis by serological variables and magnetic resonance imaging of the wrists and finger joints: results from prospective clinical examination. Ann Rhuem Dis 2006; 65:134-135.
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Ann Rhuem Dis
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Tamai, M.1
Kawakami, A.2
Uetani, M.3
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Meyer O, Nicaise-Roland P, Santos MD, et al. Serial determination of cyclic citrullinated peptide autoantibodies predicted five-year radiographical outcomes in a prospective cohort of patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2006; 8:R40. The authors found that the presence of anti-CCP2 (measured using a secondgeneration ELISA) was associated with 5-year radiographic progression of disease as measured by the total Sharp score, joint-space-narrowing score, and erosion score. Although anti-CCP antibodies may not always be needed for diagnosis, their assessment may be useful for predicting outcome and determining therapy. Interestingly, serial determination of anti-CCP2 predicted the progression of disease better than baseline antibody determination.
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Meyer O, Nicaise-Roland P, Santos MD, et al. Serial determination of cyclic citrullinated peptide autoantibodies predicted five-year radiographical outcomes in a prospective cohort of patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2006; 8:R40. The authors found that the presence of anti-CCP2 (measured using a secondgeneration ELISA) was associated with 5-year radiographic progression of disease as measured by the total Sharp score, joint-space-narrowing score, and erosion score. Although anti-CCP antibodies may not always be needed for diagnosis, their assessment may be useful for predicting outcome and determining therapy. Interestingly, serial determination of anti-CCP2 predicted the progression of disease better than baseline antibody determination.
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Performance of hand radiographs in predicting the diagnosis in patients with early arthritis
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Devauchelle-Pensec V, Berthelot JM, Jousse S, et al. Performance of hand radiographs in predicting the diagnosis in patients with early arthritis. J Rheumatol 2006; 33:1511-1515.
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(2006)
J Rheumatol
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Devauchelle-Pensec, V.1
Berthelot, J.M.2
Jousse, S.3
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Magnetic resonance imaging of the hand for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis in the absence of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies: A prospective study
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Solau-Gervais E, Legrand JL, Cortet B, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of the hand for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis in the absence of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies: a prospective study. J Rhematol 2006; 33:1760-1765.
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J Rhematol
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Solau-Gervais, E.1
Legrand, J.L.2
Cortet, B.3
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Lindegaard HM, Vallo J, Horslev-Petersen K, et al. Low-cost, low-field dedicated extremity magnetic resonance imaging in early rheumatoid arthritis: a 1-year follow-up study. Ann Rheum Dis 2006; 65:1208-1212. In this one year follow-up cohort study, the authors investigated the ability of extremity MRI to detect changes in wrist and finger joints predicting erosions over time. While the cost of such tests is lower than whole-body MRI, its role in routine patient management requires future study.
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Lindegaard HM, Vallo J, Horslev-Petersen K, et al. Low-cost, low-field dedicated extremity magnetic resonance imaging in early rheumatoid arthritis: a 1-year follow-up study. Ann Rheum Dis 2006; 65:1208-1212. In this one year follow-up cohort study, the authors investigated the ability of extremity MRI to detect changes in wrist and finger joints predicting erosions over time. While the cost of such tests is lower than whole-body MRI, its role in routine patient management requires future study.
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Very early infliximab in addition to methotrexate in early poor prognosis rheumatoid arthritis reduces MRI synovitis and damage with sustained benefit after infliximab withdrawal: Results from a double blind placebo-controlled trial
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Quinn MA, Conaghan PG, Greenstein A, et al. Very early infliximab in addition to methotrexate in early poor prognosis rheumatoid arthritis reduces MRI synovitis and damage with sustained benefit after infliximab withdrawal: results from a double blind placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum 2005; 52:27-35.
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(2005)
Arthritis Rheum
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Quinn, M.A.1
Conaghan, P.G.2
Greenstein, A.3
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Revisiting the toxicity of low-dose glucocorticoids. risks and fears
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Da Silva JAP, Jacobs JWG, Bijlsma JWJ. Revisiting the toxicity of low-dose glucocorticoids. risks and fears. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 1069:275-288.
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Da Silva, J.A.P.1
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Da Silva JAP, Jacobs JWG, Kirwan JR, et al. Safety of low dose glucocorticoid treatment in rheumatoid arthritis: published evidence and prospective trial data. Ann Rheum Dis 2006; 65:285-293. In these reviews, De Silva et al. examine the risks and concerns of glucocorticoid use. Overall, there is a paucity of information on the toxicity of low-dose glucocorticoids as few trials have been designed to assess specifically the adverse effects of low-dose glucocorticoids in the long term. Given the frequency of glucocorticoids in practice, a true cost-benefit analysis of their use would be valuable especially as physicians make choices between alternative anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents, especially newer products that are far more expensive.
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Da Silva JAP, Jacobs JWG, Kirwan JR, et al. Safety of low dose glucocorticoid treatment in rheumatoid arthritis: published evidence and prospective trial data. Ann Rheum Dis 2006; 65:285-293. In these reviews, De Silva et al. examine the risks and concerns of glucocorticoid use. Overall, there is a paucity of information on the toxicity of low-dose glucocorticoids as few trials have been designed to assess specifically the adverse effects of low-dose glucocorticoids in the long term. Given the frequency of glucocorticoids in practice, a true cost-benefit analysis of their use would be valuable especially as physicians make choices between alternative anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents, especially newer products that are far more expensive.
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Oral pulsed dexamethasone therapy in early rheumatoid arthritis. a pilot study
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Kroot EJ, Huisman AM, Zeben JV, et al. Oral pulsed dexamethasone therapy in early rheumatoid arthritis. a pilot study. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 1069:300-306.
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Ann N Y Acad Sci
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Kroot, E.J.1
Huisman, A.M.2
Zeben, J.V.3
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Hetland ML, Stengaard-Pedersen K, Junker P, et al. Combination treatment with methotrexate, cyclosporine, and intraarticular betamethasone compared with methotrexate and intraarticular betamethasone in early active rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2006; 54:1401-1409. This study shows that combination therapy including intraarticular glucocorticoid injections can lead to a significant frequency of remission as well as a halt in radiographic progression. Intraarticular steroids, while long used to treat persistent synovitis, may represent a particular useful modality to promote remission in patients in whom conventional DMARDs have led to a state of low disease activity.
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Hetland ML, Stengaard-Pedersen K, Junker P, et al. Combination treatment with methotrexate, cyclosporine, and intraarticular betamethasone compared with methotrexate and intraarticular betamethasone in early active rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2006; 54:1401-1409. This study shows that combination therapy including intraarticular glucocorticoid injections can lead to a significant frequency of remission as well as a halt in radiographic progression. Intraarticular steroids, while long used to treat persistent synovitis, may represent a particular useful modality to promote remission in patients in whom conventional DMARDs have led to a state of low disease activity.
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O'Dell JR, Elliott JR, Mallek JA, et al. Treatment of early seropositive rheumatoid arthritis: doxycycline plus methotrexate versus methotrexate alone. Arthritis Rheum 2006; 54:621-627. In this study, patients with early seropositive RA received methotrexate and either 20mg (antimetalloproteinase effect) or 100mg (antibacterial dose) of doxycycline twice a day compared with methotrexate alone. The authors found similar therapeutic effects among patients receiving the two doses of doxycycline and concluded that the antimetalloproteinase effect may be more important than the antibacterial effects of this medication in treating early RA. Whereas the effects of doxycycline appear well established, the place of this drug in the management of RA remains unclear.
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O'Dell JR, Elliott JR, Mallek JA, et al. Treatment of early seropositive rheumatoid arthritis: doxycycline plus methotrexate versus methotrexate alone. Arthritis Rheum 2006; 54:621-627. In this study, patients with early seropositive RA received methotrexate and either 20mg (antimetalloproteinase effect) or 100mg (antibacterial dose) of doxycycline twice a day compared with methotrexate alone. The authors found similar therapeutic effects among patients receiving the two doses of doxycycline and concluded that the antimetalloproteinase effect may be more important than the antibacterial effects of this medication in treating early RA. Whereas the effects of doxycycline appear well established, the place of this drug in the management of RA remains unclear.
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Jarrett SJ, Conaghan Sloan VS, et al. Preliminary evidence for a structural benefit of the new bisphosphonate zoledronic acid in early rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2006; 54:1310-1314. In this proof-of-concept study, the investigators showed that the combination of zoledronic acid and methotrexate decreased the number of new bone erosions by 61% in a population of RA patients. Whereas an effect of bisphosphonates on bone destruction would not be surprising, establishing the magnitude of this effect may not be easy, especially in patients treated with combination therapy. An early disease setting, however, may allow effects on erosions to be determined more readily.
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Jarrett SJ, Conaghan PG, Sloan VS, et al. Preliminary evidence for a structural benefit of the new bisphosphonate zoledronic acid in early rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2006; 54:1310-1314. In this proof-of-concept study, the investigators showed that the combination of zoledronic acid and methotrexate decreased the number of new bone erosions by 61% in a population of RA patients. Whereas an effect of bisphosphonates on bone destruction would not be surprising, establishing the magnitude of this effect may not be easy, especially in patients treated with combination therapy. An early disease setting, however, may allow effects on erosions to be determined more readily.
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Breedveld FC, Weisman MH, Kavanaugh AF, et al. The PREMIER study: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind clinical trial of combination therapy with adalimumab plus methotrexate versus methotrexate alone or adalimumab alone in patients with early, aggressive rheumatoid arthritis who had not had previous methotrexate treatment. Arthritis Rheum 2006; 54:26-37. In this 2-year double-blind, controlled study of patients with active RA of less than 3 years' duration, the authors compared the efficacy of adalimumab and methotrexate compared with methotrexate monotherapy or adalimumab monotherapy. The authors found that combination therapy was superior to monotherapy in all outcome measures. Importantly, 49% of the patients in the combination group exhibited remission after 2 years of treatment with a DAS<2.6
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Breedveld FC, Weisman MH, Kavanaugh AF, et al. The PREMIER study: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind clinical trial of combination therapy with adalimumab plus methotrexate versus methotrexate alone or adalimumab alone in patients with early, aggressive rheumatoid arthritis who had not had previous methotrexate treatment. Arthritis Rheum 2006; 54:26-37. In this 2-year double-blind, controlled study of patients with active RA of less than 3 years' duration, the authors compared the efficacy of adalimumab and methotrexate compared with methotrexate monotherapy or adalimumab monotherapy. The authors found that combination therapy was superior to monotherapy in all outcome measures. Importantly, 49% of the patients in the combination group exhibited remission after 2 years of treatment with a DAS<2.6.
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Taylor PC, Steuer A,Gruber J, et al. Ultrasonographic and radiographic results from a two-year controlled trial of immediate or one-year-delayed addition of infliximab to ongoing methotrexate therapy in patients with erosive early rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2006; 54:47-53. In this study, patients with early erosive RA (disease duration <3 years) who were already taking methotrexate were randomized to receive methotrexate and infliximab compared with methotrexate and placebo. At week 54 and for the remainder of the trial, all patients received methotrexate plus infliximab. The authors found that at week 54, the group treated with methotrexate alone had greater progression of their disease as measured by the Sharp/van der Heijde score and that this radiographic progression was decreased during the second year of treatment with the addition of infliximab. They found, however, that there were marked differences between the two treatment groups, with the early-induction
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Taylor PC, Steuer A,Gruber J, et al. Ultrasonographic and radiographic results from a two-year controlled trial of immediate or one-year-delayed addition of infliximab to ongoing methotrexate therapy in patients with erosive early rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2006; 54:47-53. In this study, patients with early erosive RA (disease duration <3 years) who were already taking methotrexate were randomized to receive methotrexate and infliximab compared with methotrexate and placebo. At week 54 and for the remainder of the trial, all patients received methotrexate plus infliximab. The authors found that at week 54, the group treated with methotrexate alone had greater progression of their disease as measured by the Sharp/van der Heijde score and that this radiographic progression was decreased during the second year of treatment with the addition of infliximab. They found, however, that there were marked differences between the two treatment groups, with the early-induction group having less cumulative structural damage. This study provides important data to make decisions about timing of biologic therapy and distinguish between combination step-up and step-down approaches.
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Smolen JS, Han C, van der Heijde D, et al. Infliximab treatment maintains employability in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2006; 54:716-722. The authors examined the impact of early treatment with a TNFblocker, infliximab, and methotrexate compared with methotrexate and a placebo on employability in patients with early RA enrolled in the ASPIRE trial. Although the employment rates were the same between the two groups in this study, those treated with infliximab had a higher rate ofmaintaining theiremployability andhad fewer missed work days during the trial. The benefits of biological agents are apparent using many different outcome measures, withemployability a relevant parameter tomake cost-benefit calculations.
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Smolen JS, Han C, van der Heijde D, et al. Infliximab treatment maintains employability in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2006; 54:716-722. The authors examined the impact of early treatment with a TNFblocker, infliximab, and methotrexate compared with methotrexate and a placebo on employability in patients with early RA enrolled in the ASPIRE trial. Although the employment rates were the same between the two groups in this study, those treated with infliximab had a higher rate ofmaintaining theiremployability andhad fewer missed work days during the trial. The benefits of biological agents are apparent using many different outcome measures, withemployability a relevant parameter tomake cost-benefit calculations.
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