The relative importance of clouds and sea ice for the solar energy budget of the Southern Ocean

Journal of Climate

Volumn 20, Issue 6, 2007, Pages 941-953

  Fitzpatrick, Melanie F ^a,b   Warren, Stephen G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^b NONE   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE CHANGE; CLOUDS; SEA ICE; SOLAR ENERGY; SOLAR RADIATION;

CLOUD OPTICAL DEPTH; SEASONAL VARIATIONS; SOLAR ENERGY BUDGET; SOLAR RADIATION BUDGET;

OCEANOGRAPHY;

CLOUD COVER; IRRADIANCE; OPTICAL DEPTH; RADIATION BUDGET; RADIATIVE FORCING; SEA ICE; SEASONAL VARIATION; SOLAR RADIATION;

SOUTHERN OCEAN;

EID: 34147117319     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JCLI4040.1     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Ackley, S., P. Wadhams, J. C. Comiso, and A. P. Worby, 2003: Decadal decrease of Antarctic sea ice extent inferred from whaling records revisited on the basis of historical and modern sea ice records. Polar Res., 22, 19-25.
2. Barker, H. W., 1996: A parameterization for computing grid-averaged solar fluxes for inhomogeneous marine boundary layer clouds. Part I: Methodology and homogeneous biases. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 2289-2303.
3. Barker, H. W., T. J. Curtis, E. Leontieva, and K. Stamnes, 1998: Optical depth of overcast cloud across Canada: Estimates based on surface pyranometer and satellite measurements. J. Climate, 11, 2980-2994.
4. Brandt, R. E., S. G. Warren, A. P. Worby, and T. C. Grenfell, 2005: Surface albedo of the Antarctic sea ice zone. J. Climate, 18, 3606-3622.
5. Briegleb, B., and V. Ramanathan, 1982: Spectral and diurnal variations in clear sky planetary albedo. J. Appl. Meteor., 21, 1160-1171.
6. Bromwich, D. H., B. Chen, K. M. Hines, and R. I. Cullather, 1998: Global atmospheric responses to Antarctic forcing. Ann. Glaciol., 27, 521-527.
7. Comiso, J. C., 1986: Characteristics of Arctic winter sea ice from satellite multispectral microwave observations. J. Geophys. Res., 91, 975-994.
8. Comiso, J. C., cited 2002: Bootstrap sea ice concentrations for NIMBUS-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I. National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder, CO. [Available online at http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0079.html.]
9. Fitzpatrick, M. F., and S. G. Warren, 2005: Transmission of solar radiation by clouds over snow and ice surfaces. Part II: Cloud optical depth and shortwave radiative forcing from pyranometer measurements in the Southern Ocean. J. Climate, 18, 4637-4648.
10. Fitzpatrick, M. F., R. E. Brandt, and S. G. Warren, 2004: Transmission of solar radiation by clouds over snow and ice surfaces: A parameterization in terms of optical depth, solar zenith angle, and surface albedo. J. Climate, 17, 266-275.
11. Gloersen, P., W. J. Campbell, D. J. Cavalieri, J. C. Comiso, C. L. Parkinson, and H. Z. Zwally, 1992: Arctic and Antarctic sea ice, 1978-1987: Satellite passive-microwave observations and analysis. NASA SP-511, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC, 290 pp.
12. Goosse, H., and H. Renssen, 2005: A simulated reduction in Antarctic sea-ice area since 1750: Implications of the long memory of the ocean. Int. J. Climatol., 25, 569-579.
13. Hahn, C.J., S. G. Warren, and J. London, 1995: The effect of moonlight on observation of cloud cover at night, and application to cloud climatology. J. Climate, 8, 1429-1446.
14. Hall, A., 2004: The role of surface albedo feedback in climate. J. Climate, 17, 1550-1568.
15. Holland, M. M., and C. M. Bitz, 2003: Polar amplification of climate change in coupled models. Climate Dyn., 21, 221-232.
16. Hunt, B. G., H. B. Gordon, and H. L. Davies, 1995: Impact of greenhouse effect on sea-ice characteristics and snow accumulation in the polar regions. Int. J. Climatol., 15, 3-23.
17. Jacka, T. H., and W. F. Budd, 1998: Detection of temperature and sea-ice-extent changes in the Antarctic and Southern Ocean, 1949-96. Ann. Glaciol., 27, 553-559.
18. Kato, S., F. G. Rose, and T. P. Charlock, 2005: Computation of domain-averaged irradiance using satellite-derived cloud properties. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 22, 146-164.
19. King, J. C., and J. Turner, 1997: Antarctic Meteorology and Climatology. Cambridge University Press, 409 pp.
20. Li, Z., and H. G. Leighton, 1991: Scene identification and its effect on cloud radiative forcing in the Arctic. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 9175-9188.
21. Mahesh, A., V. P. Walden, and S. G. Warren, 2001: Ground-based infrared remote sensing of cloud properties over the Antarctic Plateau. Part II: Cloud optical depths and particle sizes. J. Appl. Meteor., 40, 1279-1294.
22. 2 concentration in the atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 85, 5529-5554.
23. Michalsky, J. J., 1988: The Astronomical Almanac's algorithm for approximate solar position (1950-2050). Solar Energy, 40, 227-235.
24. Minnett, P. J., 1999: The influence of solar zenith angle and cloud type on cloud radiative forcing at the surface in the Arctic. J. Climate, 12, 147-158.
25. Pavolonis, M. J., and J.R. Key, 2003: Antartic cloud radiative forcing at the surface estimated from the AVHRR Polar Pathfinder and ISCCP D1 datasets, 1985-93. J. Appl. Meteor., 42, 827-840.
26. Payne, R. E., 1972: Albedo of the sea surface. J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 959-970.
27. Qu, X., and A. Hall, 2005: Surface contribution to planetary albedo variability in cryosphere regions. J. Climate, 18, 5239-5252.
28. Ramanathan, V., R. D. Cess, E. F. Harrison, P. Minnis, B. R. Barkstrom, E. Ahmed, and D. Hartmann, 1989: Cloud-radiative forcing and climate: Results from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment. Science, 243, 57-63.
29. Raschke, E., A. Ohmura, W. B. Rossow, B. E. Carlson, Y.-C. Zhang, C. Stubenrauch, M. Kottek, and M. Wild, 2005: Cloud effects on the radiation budget based on ISCCP data (1991-1995). Int. J. Climatol., 25, 1103-1125.
30. Rossow, W. B., and L. Dueñas, 2004: The International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) Web site: An online resource for research. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 72, 2-20.
31. Stammerjohn, S. E., and R. C. Smith, 1997: Opposing Southern Ocean climate patterns as revealed by trends in regional sea ice coverage. Climatic Change, 37, 617-639.
32. Warren, S. G., C. J. Hahn, J. London, R. M. Chervin, and R. L. Jenne, 1988: Global distribution of total cloud cover and cloud type amounts over the ocean. NCAR Tech. Note TN-317+STR, Boulder, CO, 42 pp. + 170 maps.
33. Wielicki, B. A., B. R. Barkstrom, E. F. Harrison, R. B. Lee, G. L. Smith, and J. E. Cooper, 1996: Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES): An Earth Observing System experiment. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 853-868.
34. Wiscombe, W. J., 1975: Solar radiation calculations for Arctic summer stratus conditions. Climate of the Arctic, G. Weller and S. A. Bowling, Eds., University of Alaska Press, 245-254.
35. Woodruff, S. D., H. F. Diaz, J. D. Elms, and S. J. Worley, 1998: COADS Release 2 data and metadata enhancements for improvements of marine surface flux fields. Phys. Chem. Earth, 23, 517-527.
36. Worby, A. P., 1999: Observing Antarctic Sea Ice: A Practical Guide for Conducting Sea-Ice Observations from Vessels Operating in the Antarctic Pack Ice. Australian Antarctic Division, CD-ROM.
37. Worby, A. P., and J. C. Comiso, 2004: Studies of the Antarctic sea ice edge and ice extent from satellite and ship observations. Remote Sens. Environ., 92, 98-111.
38. Worley, S. J., S. D. Woodruff, R. W. Reynolds, S. J. Lubker, and N. Lott, 2005: ICOADS Release 2.1 data and products. Int. J. Climatol., 25, 823-842.
39. Wu, X., W. F. Budd, and T. H. Jacka, 1999: Simulations of Southern Hemisphere warming and Antarctic sea-ice changes using global climate models. Ann. Glaciol., 29, 61-65.
40. Yamanouchi, T., and T. P. Charlock, 1997: Effects of clouds, ice sheet, and sea ice on the Earth radiation budget in the Antarctic. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 6953-6970.
41. Zwally, H. J., J. C. Comiso, C. L. Parkinson, D. J. Cavalieri, and P. Gloersen, 2002: Variability of Antarctic sea ice 1979-1998. J. Geophys. Res., 107, 3041, doi:10.1029/2000JC000733.