From environment to food: The case of PCB

Annali dell'Istituto Superiore di Sanita

Volumn 42, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 410-416

  La Rocca, Cinzia ^a   Mantovani, Alberto ^a  

^a ISTITUTO SUPERIORE DI SANITÀ   (Italy)

Author keywords

Animals; Chemistry; Environment; Food; Health; Risk

Indexed keywords

POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL;

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; DOMESTIC ANIMAL; DRUG EFFECT; EGG; ENDOCRINE SYSTEM; EUROPE; FOOD CHAIN; FOOD CONTAMINATION; HEALTH CARE PLANNING; HUMAN; IMMUNE SYSTEM; ITALY; MEAT; MILK; NERVOUS SYSTEM; POLLUTANT; RISK ASSESSMENT; SUBCUTANEOUS FAT;

ANIMALS; ANIMALS, DOMESTIC; EGGS; ENDOCRINE SYSTEM; ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; EUROPE; FOOD CHAIN; FOOD CONTAMINATION; HEALTH PLANNING COUNCILS; HUMANS; IMMUNE SYSTEM; ITALY; MEAT; MILK; NERVOUS SYSTEM; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; RISK ASSESSMENT; SUBCUTANEOUS FAT;

EID: 34047178495     PISSN: 00212571     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Hutzinger O, Safe S, Zitko V. The chemistry of PCBs. Cleveland, Ohio: CRC Press; 1974.
2. Council of the European Communities. Council Directive 85/4677 EEC of 1 October 1985 amending for the sixth time (PCBs/PCTs) Directive 76/769/ECC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of he Member States relating to restrictions on the marketing and use of certain dangerous substances and preparations. Official Journal of the European Community L 269, 11/10/1985.
3. Council of the European Communities. Council Directive 96/59/EC of 16 September 1996 on the disposal of polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated terphenyls (PCB/PCT). Official Journal of the European Community L 243, 24/9/1996.
4. Tanabe, Kannan N, Fukushima M, Okamoto T, Wakimoto T, Tatsukawa R. Persistent organochlorines in Japanese coastal waters: an introspective summary from a Far East developed nation. Mar Pollut Bull 1989;20:344-52.
5. United Nations Environment Programme - Persistent Organic Pollutants. Available from: http://www.chem.unep.ch/pops/. Last visited 3/5/06.
6. Schwarz M, Appel KE. Carcinogenic risks of dioxin: mechanistic considerations. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2005;43:19-34.
7. European Commission. Scientific Committee on Food. Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on the risk assessment of dioxin and dioxin-like PCBs in food. Adopted on 22 November 2000. SCF/CS/CNTM/DIOXIN/8final.
8. Safe S. Limitations of the toxic equivalency factor approach for risk assessment of TCDD and related compounds. Teratog Carcinog Mutagen 1997-98;17:285-304.
9. van den Berg M, Birnbaum LS, Denison M, De vito M, Farland W, Feeley M, Fiedler H, hakansson H, Hanberg A, Haws L, Rose M, Dafe S, Tohyama C, Tritscher A, Tuomisto J, Tysklind M, Walker N, Peterson RE. The 2005 World health Organization of human and mammalian toxic equivalence factore for dioxins and dioxin-like compounds. Toxicol Science 2006;93:223-41.
10. Burgin DE, Diliberto JJ, Derr-Yellin EC, Kannan N, Kodavanti PR, Birnbaum LS. Differential effects of two lots of aroclor 1254 on enzyme induction, thyroid hormones and oxidative stress. Environ Health Perspect 2001;109:1163-8.
11. USA. Toxicological profile for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, ATSDR 2000. Available from: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp17.html. Last visited: 3/5/06.
12. European Food Safety Authority. Opinion of the scientific panel on contaminants in the food chain on a request from the commission related to the presence of non dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in feed and food. Adopted on 8 November 2005. EFSA Journal 2005;284:1-137.
13. Thomas GO, Sweetman AJ, Jones KC. Input-output balance of polychlorinated biphenyls in a long-term study of lactating dairy cows. Environ Sci Technol 1999;33:104-12.
14. Hoogenboom LA, Kan CA, Zeilmaker MJ, Van Eijkeren J, Traag WA. Carry-over of dioxins and PCBs from feed and soil to eggs at low contamination levels-influence of mycotoxin binders on the carry-over from feed to eggs. Food Addit Contam 2006;23:518-27.
15. European Food Safety Authority. Opinion of the scientific panel on contaminants in the food chain on a request from the european parliament related to the safety assessment of wild and farmed fish. Adopted on 22 June 2005. EFSA Journal 2005;236:1-118.
16. Italia. Decreto Ministeriale 25 ottobre 1999, n. 471. Regolamento recante criteri, procedure e modalita' per la messa in sicurezza, la bonifica e il ripristino ambientale dei siti inquinati, ai sensi dell'articolo 17 del decreto legislative 5 febbraio 1997, n. 22, e successive modificazioni e integrazioni. Gazzetta Ufficiale Repubblica Italians n. 293, 15 dicembre 1999.
17. Azienda Sanitaria Locale Brescia. Relazione finale del Comitato Tecnico Scientifico per la valutazione del rischio per la salute umana correlato alla presenza nel terreno di sostarae tossiche, PCB e mercurio, nell'area Caffaro del Comune di Brescia (in Italian). 2003. Available from: http://www.aslbrescia.it/asl/media/pdf/relfinalects1.pdf. Last visited 20/6/05.
18. Turrio-Baldassarri L, Abate V, Alivernini S, Battistelli CL, Carasi S, Casella M, Iacovella N, Iamiceli AL, Indelicato A, Scarcella C, La Rocca C. A study on PCB, PCDD/PCDF industrial contamination in a mixed urban-agricultural area significantly affecting the food chain and the human exposure. Part I: soil and feed. Chemosphere 2006 (in press).
19. La Rocca C, Alivemini S, Carasi S, Casella ML, Fochi I, Iacovella N, Iamiceli AL, Indelicato A, Mariani A, Scarcella C, Turrio-Baldassarri L. A study on PCB, PCDD/PCDF industrial contamination in an urban/agricoltural area. Part II. Animal matrices. Organohalogen Compounds 2004;66:1989-95.
20. Donato F, Magoni M, Bergonzi R, Scarcella C, Indelicate A, Carasi S, Apostoli P. Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls in residents near a chemical factory in Italy: The food chain as main source of contamination. Chemosphere 2006 (in press).
21. Italia. Ministero della Salute. Piano Nationale per la ricerca dei residui negli animali e in alcuni prodotti di origine animale 2005, Roma: Ministero della Salute; 2005.
22. Turrini A, Saba A, Perronè D, Cialda E, D'Amicis A. Original Communication Food consumption patterns in Italy: the INNCA Study 1994-1996. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2001;55:571-88.
23. Turrio-Baldassarri L, Abate V, Battistelli CL, Carasi S, Casella M, Iacovella N, Indelicate A, La Rocca C, Scarcella C, Alivemini S. PCDD/F and PCB in human serum of differently exposed population groups of an Italian city. Chemosphere (accepted for publication).
24. Europe. Assessment of dietary intake of dioxins and related PCBs by the population of EU Member State. Reports on Tasks for Scientific Cooperation, 1 June 2000. (EU SCOOP Task 3.2.5).
25. Europe. Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on the risk assessment of dioxin and dioxin-like PCBs in food. Adopted on 30 may 2001. CS/CNTM/DIOXIN/20final.
26. Harris CA, Woolridge MW, Hay AW. Factors affecting the transfer of organochlorine pesticide residues to breastmilk. Chemosphere 2001;43:243-56.
27. Svensson BG, Nilsson A, Jonsson E, Schutz A, Akesson B, Hagmar L. Fish consumption and exposure to persistent organochlorine compounds, mercury, selenium and methylamines among Swedish fishermen. J Work Environ Health 1995;21:96-105.
28. US Environmental Protection Agency. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Integrated risk information system 2005. Available from: http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0294.htm. Last visited 20/4/06.
29. Wolff MS, Toniolo PQ. Environmental organochlorine exposure as a potential etiologic factor in breast cancer. Environ Health Perspect 1995;103(Suppl 7):141-5.
30. Wolff MS, Camann D, Gammon M, StellmannSD. Proposed PCB congener groupings for epidemiological studies. Environ Health Perspect 1997; 105(correspondence):13-4.
31. International Agency for Research on Cancer. Polychlorinated biphenyls 1987; vol.18, p. 43. Last updated: 11 February 1998.
32. Tharappel JC, Lee EY, Robertson LW, Spear BT, Glauert HP. Regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and transcription factor activities during the promotion of liver carcinogenesis by polychlorinated biphenyls. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2002; 179:172-84.
33. Negri E, Bosetti C, Fattore E, La Vecchia C. Environmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and breast cancer: a systematic review of the epidemiological evidence. Eur J Cancer Prev 2003;12:509-16.
34. Li Y, Millikan RC, Bell DA, Cui L, Tse CK, Newman B, Conway K. Polychlorinated biphenyls, cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) polymorphisms, and breast cancer risk among African American women and white women in North Carolina: a population-based case-control study. Breast Cancer Res 2005;7:R12-8.
35. Muto T, Wakui S, Imano N, Nakaaki K, Takahashi H, Hano H, Furusato M, Masaoka T. Mammary gland differentiation in female rats after prenatal exposure to 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl. Toxicology 2002;177:197-205.
36. Mayes BA, McConnell EE, Neal BH, Brunner MJ, Hamilton SB, Sullivan TM, Peters AC, Ryan MJ, Toft JD, Singer AW, Broun JF, Menton RG, Moore JA. Comparative carcinogenicity in Sprague-Dawley rats of the polychlorinated biphenyl mixtures aroclors 1016, 1242, 1254, and 1260. Toxicol Sci 1998;41:62-76.
37. Fisher JW, Campbell J, Muralidhara S, Bruckner JV, Ferguson D, Mumtaz M, Harmon B, Hedge JM, Crofton KM, Kim H, Almekinder TL. Effect of PCB 126 on hepatic metabolism of thyroxine and perturbations in the hypothalamic-pituitary- thyroid axis in the rat. Toxicol Sci 2006;90:87-95.
38. Kester MH, Bulduk S, Tibboel D, Meinl W, Glatt H, Falany CN, Coughtrie MW, Bergman A, Safe SH, Kuiper GG, Schuur AG, Brouwer A, Visser TJ. Potent inhibition of estrogen sulfotransferase by hydroxylated PCB metabolites: a novel pathway explaining the estrogenic activity of PCBs. Endocrinology 2000;141:1897-900.
39. Jacobson JL, Jacobson SW. Association of prenatal exposure to an environmental contaminant with intellectual function in childhood. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2002;40:467-75.
40. Vreugdenhil HJ, Lanting CI, Mulder PG, Boersma ER, Weisglas-Kuperus N. Effects of prenatal PCB and dioxin background exposure on cognitive and motor abilities in Dutch children at school age. J Pediatr 2002;140:48-56.
41. Schantz SL, Moshtaghian J, Ness DK. Spatial learning deficits in adult rats exposed to ortho-substituted congeners during gestation and lactation. Appl Toxicol 1995;26:117-26.
42. Hagmar L, Rylander L, Dyremark E, Klasson-Wehler E, Erfurth EM. Plasma concentrations of persistent organochlorines in relation to thyrotropin and thyroid hormone levels in women, Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2001; 74:184-8.
43. Persky V, Turyk M, Anderson HA, Hanrahan LP, Falk C, Steenport DN, Chatterton R Jr, Freels S, Great Lakes Consortium. The effects of PCB exposure and fish consumption on endogenous hormones. Environ Health Perspect 2001;109:1275-8.
44. Turyk ME, Anderson HA, Freels S, Chatterton R Jr, Needham LL, Patterson DG, Jr, Steenport DN, Knobeloch L, Imm P, Persky VW; the Great Lakes Consortium. Associations of organochlorines with endogenous hormones in male great lakes fish consumers and nonconsumers. Environ Res 2006 (in press).
45. Karmaus W, Zhu X. Maternal concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls and dichlorodiphenyl dichlorethylene and birth weight in Michigan fish eaters: a cohort study. Environ Health 2004;3:1.
46. Karmaus W, Huang S, Cameron L. Parenteral concentration of dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene and polyclorinated biphenyls in Michigan fish eaters and sex ratio in offspring. J Occup Environ Med 2002;44:8-13.
47. US Environmental Protection Agency. Exposure and human health reassessment of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and related compounds. 2003. Part III. Available from: www.epa.gov/ncea/dioxin. Last visited: 05/03/05.
48. Europe. Commission regulation of 3 February 2006 amending Regulation (EC) No 466/2001 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs as regards dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs. (2006/199/EC).
49. Europe. Commission Directive (EC) of amending Directive 2002/32/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on undesirable substances in animal feed as regards dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs. DG SANCO 00362/2005 Draft.
50. Europe. Commission recommendation of 6 February 2006 on the reduction of the presence of dioxins, furans and PCBs in feedingstuffs and foodstuffs (2006/88/EC).
51. Brouwer A, Ahlborg UG, van Leeuwen R, Feeley M. Report of the WHO working group on the assessment of health risks for human infants from exposure to PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs. Chemosphere 1998;37:1627-43.