Micromechanics and macromechanics of carbon nanotube-enhanced elastomers

Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids

Volumn 55, Issue 6, 2007, Pages 1321-1339

  Cantournet, S ^a,b   Boyce, M C ^b   Tsou, A H ^c  

^a PSL RESEARCH UNIVERSITY   (France)

^b Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge   (United States)

^c EXXONMOBIL UPSTREAM RESEARCH COMPANY   (United States)

Author keywords

Anisotropic; Elastomers; Nanotubes; Nonlinear behavior

Indexed keywords

ANISOTROPY; MICROMECHANICS; MULTIWALLED CARBON NANOTUBES (MWCN); NONLINEAR ANALYSIS; STIFFNESS; STRAIN; STRESS ANALYSIS;

ELASTOMERIC MATERIALS; MACROMECHANICS; UNIAXIAL TENSION;

ELASTOMERS;

EID: 34047126331     PISSN: 00225096     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmps.2006.07.010     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Ahir S., and Terentjev E. Photomechanical actuation in polymer nanotube composites. Nature Mater. 4 (2005) 491-495
2. Ahir S., Squires A., Rajbakhsh A., and Terentjev E. Infrared actuation in aligned polymer-nanotube composites. Phys. Rev. B 73 (2006) 1-12
3. Arruda E.M., and Boyce M.C. A three-dimensional constitutive model for the large stretch behavior of rubber elastic materials. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 41 (1993) 389-412
4. Baughman R., Zakhidov A., and de Heer W. Carbon nanotubes the route toward applications. Science 297 5582 (2002) 787-792
5. Bergstrom J., and Boyce M. Mechanical behavior of particle filled elastomers. Rubber Chem. Technol. 72 (1999) 633-656
6. Bergstrom J., and Boyce M. Large strain time-dependent behavior of filled elastomers. Mech. Mater. 32 (2000) 627-644
7. Bergstrom J.S., and Boyce M.C. Deformation of elastomeric networks: relation between molecular level deformation and classical statistical mechanics models of rubber elasticity. Macromolecules 34 (2001) 614-626
8. Bischoff J.E., Arruda E.M., and Grosh K. A new constitutive model for the compressibility of elastomers at finite deformation. Rubber Chem. Technol. 74 (2001) 541-559
9. Bischoff J.E., Arruda E.M., and Grosh K. A microstructurally based orthotropic hyperelastic constitutive law. J. Appl. Mech. 69 (2002) 570-579
10. Bischoff J.E., Arruda E.M., and Grosh K. Orthotropic hyperelasticity in terms of an arbitrary molecular chain model. J. Appl. Mech. 69 (2002) 198-201
11. Bradshaw R., Fisher F., and Brinson L. Fiber waviness in nanotube-reinforced polymer composites. II modeling via numerical approximation of the dilute strain concentration tensor. Comput. Sci. Technol. 63 (2003) 1705-1722
12. Chen W., Tao X., and Liu Y. Carbon nanotube-reinforced polyurethane composite fibers. Comput. Sci. Technol. 66 1515 (2006) 3029-3034
13. Chen Y., Shaw D., and Guo L. Field emission of different oriented carbon nanotubes. Appl. Phys. Lett. 76 17 (2000) 2469-2471
14. Coleman J.N., Khan U., BLau W.J., and Gunko Y.K. Small but strong: a review of the mechanical properties of carbon nanotube polymer composites. Carbon 44 (2006) 1624-1652
15. Cooper C., Ravich D., Lips D., Mayer J., and Wagner H. Distribution and alignment of carbon nanotubes and nanofibrils in a polymer matrix. Comput. Sci. Technol. 62 (2002) 1102-1105
16. Dalmas F., Chazeau L., Gauthier C., Masenelli-Varlot K., Dendievel R., and Cavaille J. Multiwalled carbon nanotube/polymer nanocomposites: processing and properties. J. Polym. Sci. Part B 43 10 (2005) 1187-1197
17. Dannenberg E.M. The effect of surface chemical interactions on the properties of filler reinforced rubbers. Rubber Chem. Technol. 44 (1975) 440-478
18. Dufresne A., Paillet M., Putaux J., Canet R., Carmona F., and Delhaes P. Processing and characterization of carbon nanotube/poly(styren-co-butyl acrylate) nanocomposites. J. Mater. Sci. 37 (2002) 3915-3923
19. Frogley M.D., Ravich D., and Wagner H.D. Mechanical properties of carbon nanoparticle-reinforced elastomers. Comput. Sci. Technol. 63 (2002) 1647-1654
20. Guth E. Theory of filler reinforcement. J. Appl. Phys. 16 1 (1945) 20-25
21. Harwood J., and Payne A. Stress-softening in natural rubber vulcanizates. Part iii: carbon black-filled vulcanizates. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 10 (1966) 315-324
22. Holzapfel G.A. Nonlinear Solid Mechanics, A Continuum Approach for Engineering (2000), Wiley, Chichester
23. Holzapfel, G.A., 2003. Structural and numerical models for the viscoelastic response of arterial walls with residual stresses. In: Holzapfel, G.A., Ogden, R.W. (Eds.), Biomechanics of Soft Tissue in Cardiovascular Systems. CISM Lectures, vol. 441. Springer, Wien, pp. 109-184.
24. Horgan C.O., and Saccomandi G. A new constitutive theory for fiber-reinforced incompressible nonlinearly elastic solids. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 53 (2005) 1985-2015
25. Kilian, H.G., 1994. Universal properties in filler loaded rubbers. Rubber Chem. Technol. 67.
26. Koerner H., Liu W., Alexander M., Mirau P., Dowty H., and Vaia R. Deformation-morphology correlations in electrically conductive carbon nanotube-thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites. Polymer 46 (2005) 4405-4420
27. Kresge, E.N., Wang, H.C., 1993. Butyl rubbers. Kirk-Ohmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, vol. 8. Wiley, New York, p. 934.
28. Mullins L. Effect of stretching on the properties of rubber. J. Rubber Res. 16 (1947) 275-289
29. Mullins L. Softening of rubber by deformation. Rubber Chem. Technol. 42 (1969) 339-362
30. Mullins, L., Tobin, N.R., 1954. Theoretical model for the elastic behavior of filler-reinforced vulcanized rubbers. In: Proceedings of the Third Rubber Technology Conference. W. Heffer and Sons Ltd., pp. 397-412.
31. Mullins L., and Tobin N.R. Stress softening in rubber vulcanizates. Part I use of a strain amplification factor describe the elastic behavior of filler-reinforced vulcanized rubber. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 9 (1965) 2993-3009
32. Powers, K.W., Wang, H.C., Chung, T.C., Dias, A.J., Olkusz, J.A., 1992. Patent: Para-alkylstyrene/isolefin copolymers and functionalized copolymer thereof. Number: US 5,162,445.
33. Qi H.J., and Boyce M.C. Constitutive model for stretch-induced softening of the stress-stretch behavior of elastomeric materials. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 52 (2004) 2187-2205
34. Qian D., Dickey E., Andrews R., and Rantell T. Load transfer and deformation mechanisms in carbon nanotubepolystyrene composites. Adv. Mater. 76 20 (2000) 2868-2870
35. Reese S., Raible T., and Wriggers P. Finite element modelling of orthotropic material behavior in pneumatic membranes. Int. J. Solids Struct. 38 (2001) 9525-9544
36. Safadi B., Andrews R., and Grulke E. Multiwalled carbon nanotube polymer composites: synthesis and characterization of thin films. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 84 14 (2002) 2660-2669
37. Shaffer M., and Windle A. Fabrication and characterization of carbon nanotube/poly(vinyl alcohol) composites. Adv. Mater. 11 (1999) 937-941
38. Spencer, A.J.M., 1984. Constitutive theory for strongly anisotropic solids. In: Spencer, A.J.M. (Ed.), Continuum Theory of the Mechanics of Fiber-reinforced Composites. CISM Courses and Lectures, vol. 282. Springer, Wien, pp. 1-32.
39. Treloar L. The Physics of Rubber Elasticity. third ed. (1975), Clarendon Press, Oxford
40. Wong, E.W., Sheehan, P.E., Lieber, C.M., 1997. Nanobeam mechanics: elasticity, strength, and toughness of nanorods and nanotubes. Science 277, 1971-1975.