Does human proximity affect antibody prevalence in marine-foraging river otters (Lontra canadensis)?

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

Volumn 43, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 116-123

  Gaydos, Joseph K ^a   Conrad, Patricia A ^a   Gilardi, Kirsten V K ^a   Blundell, Gail M ^b   Ben David, Merav ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WYOMING   (United States)

Author keywords

Disease; Human population; Leptospirosa; Lontra canadensis; Marine; River otter; Toxoplasma gondii

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA; AVES; BRUCELLA MELITENSIS BIOVAR ABORTUS; CANINE DISTEMPER VIRUS; CARNIVORA; DOLPHIN MORBILLIVIRUS; LEPTOSPIRA INTERROGANS; LONTRA CANADENSIS; LUTRA CANADENSIS; LUTRINAE; MEASLES VIRUS; MUSTELA; NEOSPORA CANINUM; PARVOVIRUS; PHOCINE DISTEMPER VIRUS; PHOCOENIDAE; PORPOISE MORBILLIVIRUS; RODENTIA; SARCOCYSTIS NEURONA; TOXOPLASMA GONDII;

EID: 34047117849     PISSN: 00903558     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-43.1.116     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Arkush, K. D., M. A. Miller, C. M Leutenegger, I. A. Gardner, A. E. Packham, A. R. Heckeroth, A. M. Tenter, B. D. Barr, and P. A. Conrad. 2003. Molecular and bioassay-based detection of Toxoplasma gondii oocyst uptake by mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis). International Journal of Parasitology 33: 1087-1097.
2. Baitchman, E. J., and G. V. Kollias. 2000. Clinical anatomy of the North American river otter (Lontra canadensis). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 31: 473-483.
3. Beard, C. W. 1970. Demonstration of type-specific antibody in mammalian and avian sera by immunodiffusion. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 42: 779-785.
4. Ben-David, M., R. T. Bowyers, L. K. Duffy, D. D. Roby, and D. M. Schell. 1998. Social behavior and ecosystem processes: River otter latrines and nutrient dynamics of terrestrial vegetation. Ecology 79: 2567-2571.
5. Ben-David, M., T. M. Williams, and O. A. Ormseth. 2000. Effects of oiling on exercise physiology and diving behavior of river otters: A captive study. Canadian Journal of Zoology 78: 1380-1390.
6. Ben-David, M., L. K. Duffy, G. M. Blundell, and R. T. Bowyer. 2001. Exposure of coastal river otters to mercury: Relation to age, diet and survival. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 20: 1986-1992.
7. Ben-David, M., Blundell G. M., J. W. Kern, J. A. K. Maier, E. D. Brown, and S. C. Jewett. 2005. Communication in river otters: Creation of variable resource sheds for terrestrial communities. Ecology 86: 1331-1345.
8. Blundell, G. M., J. W. Kern, R. T. Bowyer, and L. K. Duffy. 1999. Capturing river otters: A comparison of Hancock and leg-hold traps. Wildlife Society Bulletin 27: 184-192.
9. Blundell, G. M., M. Ben-David, and R. T. Bowyer 2002a. Sociality in river otters: Cooperative foraging or reproductive strategies? Behavioral Ecology 13: 134-141.
10. Blundell, G. M., M. Ben-David, P. Groves, R. T. Bowyer, and E. Geffen. 2002b. Characteristics of sex-biased dispersal and gene flow in coastal river otters: Implications for natural recolonization of extirpated populations. Molecular Ecology 11: 289-303.
11. Bowyer, R. T., J. W. Testa, J. B. Faro, C. C. Schwartz, and J. B. Brownning. 1994. Changes in diets of river otters in Prince William Sound, Alaska: Effects of the Exxon Valdez oil spill. Canadian Journal of Zoology 72: 970-976.
12. Bowyer, R. T., G. M. Blundell, M. Ben-David, S. C. Jewett, T. A. Dean, and L. K. Duffy. 2003. Effects of the Exxon Valdez oil spill on river otters: Injury and recovery of a sentinel species. Wildlife Monographs 153: 1-53.
13. Colagross-Schouten, A. M., J. A. K. Mazet, F. M. D. Gulland, M. A. Miller, and S. Hietala. 2002. Diagnosis and seroprevalence of leptospirosis in California sea lions from coastal California. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 38: 7-17.
14. Conrad, P. A., M. A. Miller, C. Kreuder, E. R. James, J. Mazet, H. Dabritz, D. A. Jessup, F. Gulland, and M. E. Grigg. 2005. Transmission of Toxoplasma: Clues from the study of sea otters as sentinels of Toxoplasma gondii flow into the marine environment. International Journal for Parasitology 35: 1155-1168.
15. Faine, S. 1994. Leptospira and leptospirosis. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 353 pp.
16. Foster-Turley, P., S. Macdonald, and C. Mason. 1990. Otters: An action plan for their conservation. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Gland, Switzerland, 126 pp.
17. Garner, M. M., D. M. Lambourn, S. J. Jeffries, P. B. Hall, J. C. Rhyan, D. R. Ewalt, L. M. Polzin, and N. F. Cheville. 1997. Evidence of Brucella infection in Parafilaroides lungworms in a Pacific harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardsi). Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 9: 298-303.
18. Garner, G. W., J. F. Evermann, J. T. Saliki, E. H. Follmann, and A. J. McKeirnan. 2000. Morbillivirus ecology in polar bears (Ursus maritimus). Polar Biology 32: 474-478.
19. Gaydos, J. K., W. R. Davidson, F. Elvinger, D. G. Mead E. W. Howerth, and D. E. Stallknecht. 2002. Innate resistance to epizootic hemorrhagic disease in white-tailed deer. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 38: 713-319.
20. Gulland, F. M. D., M. Koski, L. J. Lowenstine, A. Colagross, L. Morgan, and T. Spraker. 1996. Leptospirosis in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) stranded along the central California coast, 1981-1994. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 32: 572-580.
21. Hanni, D. K., J. A. K. Mazet, F. M. D. Gulland, J. Estes, M. Staedler, M. J. Murray, M. Miller, and D. A. Jessup. 2003. Clinical pathology and assessment of pathogen exposure in southern and Alaskan sea otters. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 39: 837-850.
22. Hurlbert, S. H. 1984. Pseudoreplication and the design of ecological field experiments. Ecological Monographs 54: 187-211.
23. Jones, C. 2000. Investigations of prey and habitat use by the river otter, Lutra canadensis, near San Juan Island, Washington. MS Thesis, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, 47 pp.
24. Kenyon, A. J., B. J. Kenyon, and E. C. Hahn. 1978. Protides of the Mustelidae: Immunoresponse of mustelids to Aleutian mink disease virus. American Journal of Veterinary Research 390: 1011.
25. Kimber, K. R., and G. V. Kollias. 2000. Infectious and parasitic diseases and contaminant-related problems of North American river otters (Lontra canadensis): A review. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 31: 452-472.
26. Koepfli, K. P., and R. K. Wayne. 1998. Type I Sts markers are more informative than cytochrome b in phylogenetic reconstruction of the Mustelidae (Mammalia: Carnivora). Systematic Biology 52: 571-593.
27. Miller, M. A., I. A. Gardner, C. Kreuder, D. Paradies, K. Worcester, D. Jessup, E. Dodd, M. Harris, J. Ames, A. Packham, and P. A. Conrad. 2002a. Coastal freshwater runoff is a risk factor for Toxoplasma gondii infection of southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis). International Journal of Parasitology 32: 997-1006.
28. Miller, M. A., I. A. Gardner, A. Packham, J. Mazet, K. Hanni, D. Jessup, J. Estes, R. Jameson, E. Dodd, B. C. Barr, L. J. Lowenstine, F. M. Gulland, and P. A. Conrad. 2002b. Evaluation of an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) for demonstration of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in the sea other (Enhydra lutris). Journal of Parasitology 88: 594-599.
29. Mitchell, M. A., L. L. Hungerford, C. Nixon, T. Esker, J. Sullivan, R. Koerkenmeier, and J. P. Dubey. 1999. Serologic survey for selected infectious disease agents in raccoons from Illinois. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 35: 347-355.
30. Office International Des Epizooties. 1996. Manual of standards for diagnostic tests and vaccines, 3rd Edition. Office International des Eizooties, Paris, France, 723 pp.
31. Scheffer, V. B. 1953. Otters diving to a depth of sixty feet. Journal of Mammalogy 34: 255.
32. Small, C., and J. E. Cohen. 2004. Continental physiography, climate, and the global distribution of human population. Current Anthropology 45: 270-288.
33. Speich, S. M., and R. L. Pitman. 1984. River otter occurrence and predation on nesting marine birds in the Washington Islands Wilderness. Murrelet 65: 25-27.
34. Stenson, G. B., G. A. Badgero, and H. D. Fisher. 1984. Food habits of the river otter Lutra canadensis in the marine environment of British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Zoology 62: 88-91.
35. Tenter, A. M., A. R. Heckeroth, and L. M. Weiss. 2000. Toxoplasma gondii: From animals to humans. International Journal for Parasitology 2000: 1217-1258.
36. Tocidlowski, M. E., M. R. Lappin, P. W. Sumner, and M. K. Stoskopf. 1997. Serologic survey for toxoplasmosis in river otters. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 33: 649-652.
37. United States Census Bureau. 2000. http://quickfacts.census.gov
38. Wozencraft, W. C. 1993. Order Carnivora. In Mammal species of the world: A taxonomic and geographic reference, D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder (eds.). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, pp. 279-348.
39. Zar, J. H. 1998. Biostatistical analysis, 4th Edition. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, 929 pp.