Reproduction and morphological variation in Southern California populations of the lower intertidal kelp Egregia menziesii (Laminariales)

Journal of Phycology

Volumn 43, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 242-255

  Henkel, Sarah K ^a   Murray, Steven N ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Egregia; Herbivory; Intertidal; Kelp; Morphology; Photosynthesis; Reproduction

Indexed keywords

EGREGIA; EGREGIA MENZIESII; LAMINARIALES;

EID: 33947635666     PISSN: 00223646     EISSN: 15298817     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2007.00330.x     Document Type: Article

References (90)

1. Abbott, I. A. & Hollenberg, G. J. 1976. Marine Algae of California. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA, 827 pp.
2. Anderson, E. K. & North, W. J. 1967. Zoospore release rates in giant kelp Macrocystis. Bull. So. Cal. Acad. Sci. 66:223-32.
3. Anonymous. 1998. Harbor Master 5.2. Zihua Software, LLC, Marlborough, CT.
4. Armstrong, S. L. 1987. Mechanical properties of the tissues of the brown alga Hedophyllum sessile (C. Ag.) Setchell: variability with habitat. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 114:143-51.
5. Black, R. 1974. The biological interactions affecting intertidal populations of the kelp Egregia laevigata. Mar. Biol. 28:189-98.
6. Black, R. 1976. The effects of grazing by the limpet, Acmaea insessa, on the kelp, Egregia laevigata, in the intertidal zone. Ecology 57:265-77.
7. Blanchette, C. A., Miner, B. G. & Gaines, S. D. 2002. Geographic variability in form, size and survival of Egregia menziesii around Point Conception, California. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 239:69-82.
8. Burrows, E. M. 1964. An experimental assessment of some of the characters used for specific delimitation in the genus Laminaria. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U. K. 44:137-43.
9. Chapman, A. R. O. 1973. Phenetic variability of stipe morphology in relation to season, exposure, and depth in the non-digitate complex of Laminaria Lamour. (Phaeophyta, Laminariales) in Nova Scotia. Phycologia 12:53-7.
10. Chapman, A. R. O. 1985. Demography. In Littler, M. M. & Littler, D. S. [Eds.] Handbook of Phycological Methods. Ecological Field Methods: Macroalgae. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 251-68.
11. Chapman, V. J. 1962a. A contribution to the ecology of Egregia laevigata Setchell. I. Taxonomic status and morphology & II. Desiccation and growth. Bot. Mar. 3:33-55.
12. Chapman, V. J. 1962b. A contribution to the ecology of Egregia laevigata Setchell. III. Photosynthesis and respiration; conclusions. Bot. Mar. 3:101-22.
13. Clendenning, K. A. & Sargent, M. C. 1958. Physiology and Biochemistry of Giant Kelp. Quarterly progress report, July-Sept., IMR Ref. 57-6, pp. 29-35.
14. Cousens, R. 1986. Quantitative reproduction and reproductive effort by stands of the brown alga Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) Le Jolis in south-eastern Canada. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 22:495-507.
15. Dayton, P. K., Currie, V., Gerrodette, T., Keller, B. D., Rosenthal, R. & Ven Tresca, D. 1984. Patch dynamics and stability of some California kelp communities. Ecol. Monogr. 54:253-89.
16. DeVinny, J. S. & Volse, L. A. 1978. Effects of sediments on the development of Macrocystis pyrifera gametophytes. Mar. Biol. 48:343-8.
17. DeWreede, R. E. & Klinger, T. 1988. Reproductive strategies in algae. In Doust, J. L. & Doust, L. L. [Eds.] Plant Reproductive Ecology: Patterns and Strategies. Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 267-84.
18. Deysher, L. & Dean, T. A. 1986. In situ recruitment of the giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera: effects of physical factors. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 103:41-63.
19. Dixon, P. S. 1970. The Rhodophyta: some aspects of their biology. II. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Annu. Rev. 8:307-52.
20. Druehl, L. D. 1984. The integrated productivity of a Macrocystis integrifolia plant. Can. J. Bot. 63:230-5.
21. Druehl, L. D. & Hsiao, S. I. C. 1977. Intertidal kelp responses to seasonal environmental changes in a British Columbia inlet. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 37:1207-11.
22. Foster, M. S. & Schiel, D. R. 1985. The ecology of giant kelp forests in California: a community profile. U.S. Fish andWildlife Service Biol. Rep. 85:1-53.
23. Fritsch, F. E. 1945. The Structure and Reproduction of the Algae: Volume II. Foreword, Phaeophyceae, Rhodophyceae, Myxophyceae. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 939 pp.
24. Gerard, V. A. 1987. Hydrodynamic streamlining of Laminaria saccharina Lamour. in response to mechanical stress. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 107:237-44.
25. Gerard, V. A. & Mann, K. H. 1979. Growth and production of Laminaria longicruris (Phaeophyta) populations exposed to different intensities of water movement. J. Phycol. 15:33-41.
26. Gordon, D. K. & De Wreede, R. E. 1978. Factors influencing the distribution of Egregia menziesii (Phaeophyta, Laminariales) in British Columbia, Canada. Can. J. Bot. 56:1198-205.
27. Graham, M. H. 2002. Prolonged reproductive consequences of short-term biomass loss in seaweeds. Mar. Biol. 140:901-11.
28. Graham, M. H. 2003. Coupling propagule output to supply at the edge and interior of a giant kelp forest. Ecology 84:1250-64.
29. Gunnill, F. C. 1980. Recruitment and standing stocks in populations of one green alga and five brown algae in the intertidal zone near La Jolla, California, during 1973-1977. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 3:231-43.
30. Gunnill, F. C. 1985. Population fluctuations of seven macroalgae in Southern California during 1981-1983 including effects of severe storms and an El Niño. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 85:149-64.
31. Hay, M. E. 1981. The functional morphology of turf-forming seaweeds: persistence in stressful marine habitats. Ecology 62:739-50.
32. Henkel, S. K. 2003. Reproduction and morphological variation in Southern California populations of the lower intertidal kelp Egregia menziesii (O. Laminariales). Master's thesis. California State University, Fullerton, California, 46 pp.
33. Hickey, B. M. 1993. Physical oceanography. In Dailey, M. D., Reish, D. J. & Anderson, J. W. [Eds.] Ecology of the Southern California Bight. A Synthesis and Interpretation. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, pp. 19-70.
34. Hoffmann, A. J. & Santelices, B. 1991. Banks of algal microscopic forms: hypotheses on their functioning and comparisons with seed banks. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 79:185-94.
35. Hurd, C. L. 2000. Water motion, marine macroalgal physiology, and production. J. Phycol. 36:453-72.
36. Hurd, C. L., Harrison, P. J. & Druehl, L. D. 1996. Effect of seawater velocity on inorganic nitrogen uptake by morphologically distinct forms of Macrocystis integrifolia from wave-sheltered and exposed sites. Mar. Biol. 126:205-14.
37. Hurd, C. L. & Stevens, C. L. 1997. Flow visualization around single-and multiple-bladed seaweeds with various morphologies. J. Phycol. 33:360-7.
38. Hurd, C. L., Stevens, C. L., Laval, B. E., Lawrence, G. A. & Harrison, P. J. 1997. Visualization of seawater flow around morphologically distinct forms of the giant kelp Macrocystis integrifolia from wave-sheltered and exposed sites. Limnol. Oceanogr. 42:156-63.
39. Kain, J. M. 1971. Synopsis of biological data on Laminaria hyperborea. F.A.O. Fish. Synopsis. 87:1-68.
40. Kain, J. M. 1975. The biology of Laminaria hyperborea. VII. Reproduction of the sporophytes. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U. K. 55:567-82.
41. Kain, J. M. & Jones, N. S. 1966. Algal colonization after removal of Echinus. Proc. Int. Seaweed Symp. 5:139-40.
42. Kanwisher, J. W. 1966. Photosynthesis and respiration in some seaweeds. In Barnes, H. [Ed.] Some Contemporary Studies in Marine Science. George Allen & Unwin Ltd, London, UK, pp. 407-20.
43. Kilar, J. A. & Hanisak, M. D. 1989. Phenotypic variability in Sargassum polyceratium (Fucales, Phaeophyta). Phycologia 28:491-500.
44. King, R. J. & Schramm, W. 1976. Photosynthetic rates of benthic marine algae in relation to light intensity and seasonal variations. Mar. Biol. 37:215-22.
45. Koehl, M. A. R. & Alberte, R. S. 1988. Flow, flapping, and photosynthesis of Nereocystis luetkeana: a functional comparison of undulate and flat blade morphologies. Mar. Biol. 99:435-44.
46. Lee, J. & Brinkhuis, B. H. 1986. Reproductive phenology of Laminaria saccharina (L.) Lamour. (Phaeophyta) at the southern limit of its distribution in the northwestern Atlantic ocean. J. Phycol. 22:276-85.
47. Lewis, S. M., Norris, J. N. & Searles, R. B. 1987. The regulation of morphological plasticity in tropical reef algae by herbivory. Ecology 69:636-41.
48. Littler, M. M. 1980. Morphological form and photosynthetic performances of marine macroalgae: tests of a functional/form hypothesis. Bot. Mar. 22:161-5.
49. Littler, M.M. & Arnold, K. E. 1980. Sources of variability in macroalgal primary productivity: sampling and interpretative problems. Aquat. Bot. 8:141-56.
50. Littler,M.M. & Arnold, K. E. 1982. Primary productivity of marine macroalgal functional-form groups from southwestern North America. J. Phycol. 18:307-11.
51. Littler, M. M. & Arnold, K. E. 1985. Electrodes and chemicals. In Littler, M. M. & Littler, D. S. [Eds.] Handbook of Phycological Methods. Ecological Field Methods: Macroalgae. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 349-75.
52. Littler, M. M. & Littler, D. S. 1980. The evolution of thallus form and survival strategies in benthic marine macroalgae: field and laboratory tests of a functional form model. Am. Nat. 116:25-44.
53. Littler, M. M., Littler, D. S., Murray, S. N. & Seapy, R. R. 1991. Southern California rocky intertidal ecosystems. In Mathieson, A. C. & Nienhuis, P. H. [Eds.] Ecosystems of the World, Vol 24. Intertidal and Littoral Ecosystems. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 273-96.
54. Littler, M. M. & Murray, S. N. 1974. The primary productivity of marine macrophytes from a rocky intertidal community. Mar. Biol. 27:131-5.
55. Lüning, K. 1981. Light. In Lobban, C. S. &Wynne, M. J. [Eds.] The Biology of Seaweeds. University of California Press, Los Angeles, California, pp. 326-55.
56. Lüning, K. & Neushul, M. 1978. Light and temperature demands for growth and reproduction of laminarian gametophytes in southern and central California. Mar. Biol. 45:297-309.
57. Mann, K. H. 1971. Relation between stipe length, environment, and the taxonomic characters of Laminaria. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 28:778-80.
58. Mathieson, A. C., Norton, T. A. & Neushul, M. 1981. The taxonomic implications of genetic and environmental induced variations in seaweed morphology. Bot. Rev. 47:313-47.
59. Miller, K. A. & Dorr, H. W. 1994. Natural history of mainland and island populations of the deep water elk kelp Pelagophycus porra (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae): how many species? In Halvorson, W. L. & Maender, G. J. [Eds.] Fourth California Islands Symposium: Update on the Status of Resources. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California, pp. 59-70.
60. Miller, K. A., Olsen, J. L. & Stam, W. T. 2000. Genetic divergence correlates with morphological and ecological subdivision in the deep-water elk kelp, Pelagophycus porra (Phaeophyceae). J. Phycol. 36:862-70.
61. Murray, S. N. & Littler, M. M. 1977. Seasonal analyses of standing stock and community structure of macro-organisms. In Littler, M. M. & Murray, S. N. [Eds.] Influence of Domestic Wastes on the Structure and Energetics of Intertidal Communities Near Wilson Cove, San Clemente Island, Contribution No. 164. California Water Resources Center University of California, Davis, California, pp. 7-32.
62. Murray, S. N. & Littler, M. M. 1978. Patterns of algal succession in a perturbated marine intertidal community. J. Phycol. 14:506-12.
63. Myers, M. 1928. The life-history of the brown alga, Egregia menziesii. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 14:225-46.
64. Neushul, M. 1963. Studies on the giant kelp Macrocystis. II. Reproduction. Am. J. Bot. 50:354-9.
65. Neushul, M., Foster, M. S., Coon, D. A., Woessner, J. W. & Harger, B. W. W. 1976. An in situ study of recruitment, growth and survival of subtidal marine algae: techniques and preliminary results. J. Phycol. 12:397-408.
66. North, W. J. 1971. The biology of giant kelp beds (Macrocystis) in California. Nova Hedwigia 32:1-600.
67. Novaczek, I. 1984. Development and phenology of Ecklonia radiata at two depths in Goat Island Bay, New Zealand. Mar. Biol. 81:189-97.
68. 32 and primary productivity in marine benthic algae. Limnol. Oceanogr. 3:340-5.
69. Padilla, D. K. & Allen, B. J. 2000. Paradigm lost: reconsidering functional form and group hypotheses in marine ecology. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 250:207-21.
70. Palmisano, J. F. & Sheng, Y. S. 1977. Blade width of Laminaria longipes (Phaeophyceae, Laminariales) as an indicator of wave exposure. Syesis 10:53-6.
71. Parke, M. 1948. Studies on British Laminariaceae. I. Growth in Laminaria saccharina (L.) Lamour. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U. K. 27:651-709.
72. Perez, R. 1971. Ecologie, croissance et regeneration, teneur en acide alginique de Laminaria digitata sur les côtes francaises de la Manche. Rev. Trav. Inst. Pech. Marit. 35:287-346.
73. Reed, D. C., Ebeling, A. W., Anderson, T. W. & Anghera, M. 1996. Differential reproductive responses to fluctuating resources in two seaweeds with different reproductive strategies. Ecology 77:300-16.
74. Ricketts, E. F., Calvin, J., Hedgpeth, J. W. & Phillips, D. W. 1985. Between Pacific Tides. 5th ed. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California, 652 pp.
75. Roberson, L. M. 2001. Evolution of kelp morphology in response to local physical factors: the effect of small-scale water flow on nutrient uptake, growth, and speciation in the southern sea palm, Eisenia arborea. Ph.D. dissertation. Stanford University, Stanford, California, 264 pp.
76. Santelices, B. 1990. Patterns of reproduction, dispersal and recruitment in seaweeds. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Annu. Rev. 28:177-276.
77. Sapper, S. A. & Murray, S. N. 2003. Variation in the structure of the subcanopy assemblage associated with southern California populations of the intertidal rockweed Silvetia compressa (Phaeophyceae, Fucales). Pac. Sci. 57:433-62.
78. Seapy, R. R. & Hoppe, W. J. 1973. Morphological and behavioral adaptations to desiccation in the intertidal limpet Acmaea (Collisella) strigatella. Veliger 16:181-8.
79. Seapy, R. R. & Littler, M. M. 1982. Population and species diversity fluctuations in a rocky intertidal community relative to severe aerial exposure and sediment burial. Mar. Biol. 71:87-96.
80. Setchell, W. A. 1893. On the classification and geographical distribution of the Laminariaceae. Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts Sci. 9:349-50.
81. Setchell, W. A. & Gardner, N. L. 1925. The marine algae of the Pacific coast of North America. III. Melanophyceae. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 8:383-739.
82. Silva, P. C. 1957. Notes on Pacific marine algae. Madroño 14:41-51.
83. Sundene, O. 1962a. Growth in the sea of Laminaria digitata sporophytes from culture. Norw. J. Bot. 9:5-24.
84. Sundene, O. 1962b. The implications of transplant and culture experiments on the growth and distribution of Alaria esculenta. Norw. J. Bot. 9:155-74.
85. Sundene, O. 1964. The ecology of Laminaria digitata sporophytes in Norway in view of transplant experiments. Norw. J. Bot. 11:83-107.
86. Svendensen, P. & Kain, J. M. 1971. The taxonomic status, distribution, and morphology of Laminaria cucullata sensu Jorde and Klavestad. Sarsia 46:1-22.
87. Vadas, R. L., Johnson, S. & Norton, T. A. 1992. Recruitment and mortality of early post-settlement stages of benthic algae. Br. Phycol. J. 27:331-51.
88. Wing, S. R., Leichter, J. J. & Denny, M.W. 1993. A dynamic-model for wave-induced light fluctuations in a kelp forest. Limnol. Oceanogr. 38:396-407.
89. Wing, S. R. & Patterson, M. R. 1993. Effects of wave-induced light-flecks in the intertidal zone on photosynthesis in the macroalgae Postelsia palmaeformis and Hedophyllum sessile (Phaeophyceae). Mar. Biol. 116:519-25.
90. Yoon, H. S., Lee, J. Y. & Boo, S. M. 2001. Phylogeny of Alariaceae, Laminariaceae, and Lessoniaceae (Phaeophyceae) based on plastid-encoded RuBisCo spacer and nuclearencoded ITS sequence comparisons. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 21:231-43.