Coupling propagule output to supply at the edge and interior of a giant kelp forest

Ecology

Volumn 84, Issue 5, 2003, Pages 1250-1264

  Graham, Michael H ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b MOSS LANDING MARINE LABORATORIES   (United States)

Author keywords

Flow modification; Giant kelp zoospores; Kelp canopies; Macrocystis pyrifera; Population dynamics; Propagule supply; Reproductive coupling; Scale dependent dispersal

Indexed keywords

COUPLING; DISPERSAL; KELP FOREST; PROPAGULE; SPATIAL VARIATION; TEMPORAL VARIATION;

CALIFORNIA; NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES;

ALGAE; HALOPHILA; LOMA; MACROCYSTIS; MACROCYSTIS PYRIFERA;

EID: 0345017179     PISSN: 00129658     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[1250:CPOTSA]2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. Anderson, E. K., AND W. J. North. 1966. In situ studies of spore production and dispersal in the giant kelp, Macrocystis. Pages 73-86 in E. D. Young and L. McLacblan, editors. Proceedings of the Fifth International Seaweed Symposium. Pergamon, Oxford, UK.
2. Barnes, R. S. K., and R. N. Hughes. 1988. An introduction to marine ecology. Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK.
3. Bohonak, A. J. 1999. Dispersal, gene flow, and population structure. Quarterly Review of Biology 74:21-45.
4. Buchner, A., F. Faul, and E. Erdfelder. 1997. G-power: a priori, post-hoc, and compromise power analyses for the Macintosh (Version 2.1.2). University of Trier, Trier, Germany.
5. Burton, R. S. 1998. Intraspecific phylogeography across the Point Conception biogeographic boundary. Evolution 52: 734-745.
6. Caley, M. J., M. H. Carr, M. A. Hixon, T. P. Hughes, G. P. Jones, and B. A. Menge. 1996. Recruitment and the local dynamics of open marine populations. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 27:477-500.
7. Cowen, R. K., K. M. Lwiza, S. Sponaugle, C. B. Paris, and D. B. Olson. 2000. Connectivity of marine populations: open or closed? Science 287:857-859.
8. Dayton, P. K. 1972. Toward an understanding of community resilience and the potential effects of enrichments to the benthos at McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Pages 81-95 in B. C. Parker, editor. Proceedings of the Colloquium on Conservation Problems in Antarctica. Allen Press, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
9. Dayton, P. K. 1975. Experimental studies of algal canopy interactions in a sea otter-dominated kelp community at Amchitka Island, Alaska. Fishery Bulletin 73:230-237.
10. Dayton, P. K. 1985. Ecology of kelp communities. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 16:215-245.
11. Dayton, P. K., V. Currie, T. Gerrodette, B. D. Keller, R. Rosenthal, and D. Ven Tresca. 1984. Patch dynamics and stability of some California kelp communities. Ecological Monographs 54:253-289.
12. Dayton, P. K., and M. J. Tegner. 1984. Catastrophic storms, El Nino, and patch stability in a southern California kelp community. Science 224:283-285.
13. Dayton, P. K., M. J. Tegner, P. B. Edwards, and K. L. Riser. 1999. Temporal and spatial scales of kelp demography: the role of oceanographic climate. Ecological Monographs 69: 219-250.
14. Dayton, P. K., M. J. Tegner, P. E. Parnell, and P. B. Edwards. 1992. Temporal and spatial patterns of disturbance and recovery in a kelp forest community. Ecological Monographs 62:421-445.
15. Dickman, C. R. 1997. Commensal and mutualistic interactions among terrestrial vertebrates. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 7:194-197.
16. Downes, B. J., and M. J. Keough. 1998. Scaling of colonization processes in streams: parallels and lessons from marine hard substrata. Australian Journal of Ecology 23:8-26.
17. Duggins, D. O., and J. E. Eckman. 1997. Is kelp detritus a good food for suspension feeders? Effects of kelp species, age and secondary metabolites. Marine Biology 128:489-495.
18. Duggins, D. O., C. A. Simenstad, and J. A. Estes. 1989. Magnification of secondary production by kelp detritus in coastal marine ecosystems. Science 245:170-173.
19. Edwards, M. S. 1998. Effects of long-term kelp canopy exclusion on the abundance of the annual alga Desmarestia ligulata (light F). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 228:309-326.
20. Edwards, M. S. 2001. Scale-dependent patterns of community regulation in giant kelp forests. Dissertation. University of California-Santa Cruz, California, USA.
21. Elwany, M. H. S., and R. E. Flick. 1996. Relationship between kelp beds and beach width in southern California. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering 122:34-37.
22. Foster, M. S., and D. R. Schiel. 1985. The ecology of giant kelp forests in California: a community profile. United States Fish and Wildlife Service Biological Report 85:1-152.
23. Gaines, S. D., and K. D. Lafferty. 1995. Modeling the dynamics of marine species: the importance of incorporating larval dispersal. Pages 389-412 in L. R. McEdwards, editor. Ecology of marine invertebrate larvae. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA.
24. Gaylord, B., D. C. Reed, P. T. Raimondi, L. Washburn, and S. R. McLean. 2002. A physically based model of macroalgal spore dispersal in the wave and current-dominated nearshore. Ecology 83:1239-1251.
25. Gerard, V. A. 1982. In situ rates of nitrate uptake by giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera (L) C. Agardh: tissue differences, environmental effects, and predictions of nitrogen limited growth. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 62:211-224.
26. Graham, M. H. 1999. Identification of kelp zoospores from in situ plankton samples. Marine Biology 135:709-720.
27. Graham, M. H. 2000. Planktonic patterns and processes in the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera. Dissertation. University of California-San Diego, California, USA.
28. Graham, M. H. 2002. Prolonged reproductive consequences of short-term biomass loss in seaweeds. Marine Biology 140:901-911.
29. Graham, M. H., and M. S. Edwards. 2001. Statistical significance vs. fit: estimating relative importance of individual factors in ecological analysis of variance. Oikos 93: 505-513.
30. Graham, M. H., C. Harrold, S. Lisin, K. Light, J. M. Watanabe, and M. S. Foster. 1997. Population dynamics of giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera along a wave exposure gradient. Marine Ecology Progress Series 148:269-279.
31. Graham, M. H., and B. G. Mitchell. 1999. Obtaining absorption spectra from individual macroalgal spores using microphotometry. Hydrobiologia 398/399:231-239.
32. Grosberg, R. K., and C. W. Cunningham. 2001. Genetic structure in the sea: from populations to communities. Pages 61-84 in M. D. Bertness, S. Gaines, and M. E. Hay, editors. Marine community ecology. Sinauer, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA.
33. Helfman, G. S., B. B. Collette, and D. E. Facey. 1997. The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Maiden, Massachusetts, USA.
34. Hixon, M. A., S. W. Pacala, and S. A. Sandin. 2002. Population regulation: historical context and contemporary challenges of open vs. closed systems. Ecology 83:1490-1508.
35. Hughes, T. P., A. H. Baird, E. A. Dinsdale, N. A. Moltschaniwskyj, M. S. Pratchett, J. E. Tanner, and B. L. Willis. 2000. Supply-side ecology works both ways: the link between benthic adults, fecundity, and larval recruits. Ecology 81:2241-2249.
36. Jackson, G. A. 1997. Currents in the high drag environment of a coastal kelp stand off California. Continental Shelf Research 17:1913-1928.
37. Jackson, G. A., and C. D. Winant. 1983. Effect of a kelp forest on coastal currents. Continental Shelf Research 2: 75-80.
38. Jones, G. P., M. J. Milicich, M. J. Emslie, and C. Lunow. 1999. Self-recruitment in a coral reef fish population. Nature 402:802-804.
39. Kennelly, S. J. 1989. Effects of kelp canopies on understorey species due to shade and scour. Marine Ecology Progress Series 50:215-224.
40. Kittredge, J. 1948. Forest influences: the effects of woody vegetation on climate, water, and soil, with applications to the conservation of water and the control of floods and erosion. McGraw-Hill, New York, New York, USA.
41. Leigh, E. G., Jr., A. S. Rand, and D. M. Windsor, editors. 1996. The ecology of a tropical forest: seasonal rhythms and long-term changes. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., USA.
42. Lewin, R. 1986. Supply-side ecology. Science 234:25-27.
43. Lowman, M. D., and N. M. Nadkarni, editors. 1995. Forest canopies. Academic Press, San Diego, California, USA.
44. Mabberley, D. J., editor. 1992. Tropical rain forest ecology. Chapman and Hall, New York, New York, USA.
45. McPeak, R. H. 1981. Fruiting in several species of Laminariales from southern California. Pages 404-409 in G. E. Fogg and W. E. Jones, editors. Proceedings of the Eighth International Seaweed Symposium. Marine Science Laboratories, Menai Bridge, Bangor, North Wales, UK.
46. Moyle, P. B., and J. J. Cech. 1988. Fishes: an introduction to ichthyology. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA.
47. Neushul, M. 1963. Studies on the giant kelp, Macrocystis. II. Reproduction. Journal of Botany 50:354-359.
48. North, W. J. 1971. The biology of giant kelp beds (Macrocystis) in California: introduction and background. Nova Hedwigia 32:1-68.
49. North, W. J. 1994. Review of Macrocystis biology. Pages 447-527 in I. Akatsuka, editor. Biology of economic algae. Academic Publishing, The Hague, Netherlands.
50. North, W. J., D. E. James, and L. G. Jones. 1993. History of kelp beds (Macrocystis) in Orange and San Diego Counties, California. Hydrobiologia 260/261:277-283.
51. Palumbi, S. R. 1995. Using genetics as an indirect estimator of larval dispersal. Pages 369-387 in L. McEdwards, editor. Ecology of marine invertebrate larvae. CRC Press, New York, New York, USA.
52. Reed, D. C. 1987. Factors affecting the production of sporophylls in the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera (L) C Ag. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 113: 61-69.
53. Reed, D. C., C. D. Amsler, and A. W. Ebeling. 1992. Dispersal in kelps: factors affecting spore swimming and competency. Ecology 73:1577-1585.
54. Reed, D. C., T. W. Anderson, A. W. Ebeling, and M. Anghera. 1997. The role of reproductive synchrony in the colonization potential of kelp. Ecology 78:2443-2457.
55. Reed, D. C., and M. S. Foster. 1984. The effects of canopy shading on algal recruitment and growth in a giant kelp forest. Ecology 65:937-948.
56. Reed, D. C., D. R. Laur, and A. W. Ebeling. 1988. Variation in algal dispersal and recruitment: the importance of episodic events. Ecological Monographs 58:321-335.
57. Reed, D. C., M. Neushul, and A. W. Ebeling. 1991. Role of settlement density on gametophyte growth and reproduction in the kelps Pterygophora californica and Macrocystis pyrifera (Phaeophyceae). Journal of Phycology 27:361-366.
58. Roughgarden, J., S. Gaines, and H. Possingham. 1988. Recruitment dynamics in complex life cycles. Science 241: 1460-1466.
59. Sale, P. F. 1991. Reef fish communities: open nonequilibrial systems. Pages 564-598 in P. F. Sale, editor. The ecology of fishes on coral reefs. Academic, San Diego, California, USA.
60. Santelices, B., A. J. Hoffman, D. Aedo, M. Bobadilla, and R. Otaiza. 1995. A bank of microscopic forms on disturbed boulders and stones in tide pools. Marine Ecology Progress Series 129:215-228.
61. Schroeter, S. C., J. D. Dixon, T. A. Ebert, and J. V. Rankin. 1996. Effects of kelp forests Macrocystis pyrifera on the larval distribution and settlement of red and purple sea urchins Strongylocentrotus franciscanus and S. purpuratus. Marine Ecology Progress Series 133:125-134.
62. Shanks, A. L. 1995. Mechanisms of cross-shelf dispersal of larval invertebrates and fish. Pages 323-367 in L. R. McEdwards, editor. Ecology of marine invertebrate larvae. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA.
63. Shanks, A. L., J. Largier, L. Brink, J. Brubaker, and R. Hooff. 2000. Demonstration of the onshore transport of larval invertebrates by the shoreward movement of an upwelling front. Limnology and Oceanography 45:230-236.
64. SPSS. 1999. SPSS base 10.0 applications guide. SPSS, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
65. Swearer, S. E., J. E. Caselle, D. W. Lea, and R. R. Warner. 1999. Larval retention and recruitment in an island population of a coral-reef fish. Nature 402:799-802.
66. Tabachnick, B. G., and L. S. Fidell. 1996. Using multivariate statistics. Third edition. Harper Collins College, New York, New York, USA.
67. Tegner, M. J., P. K. Dayton, P. B. Edwards, and K. L. Riser. 1996. Is there evidence for long-term climatic change in southern California kelp forests? Californial Cooperative Fisheries Investigations Reports 37:111-126.
68. Tegner, M. J., P. K. Dayton, P. B. Edwards, and K. L. Riser. 1997. Large-scale, low frequency oceanographic effects on kelp forest succession: a tale of two cohorts. Marine Ecology Progress Series 146:117-134.
69. 14C in polyethylene bags. Limnology and Oceanography 18: 155-159.
70. Underwood, A. J., and P. G. Fairweather. 1989. Supply-side ecology and benthic marine assemblages. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 4:16-20.
71. Underwood, A. J., and M. J. Keough. 2001. Supply-side ecology: the nature and consequences of variations in recruitment of intertidal organisms. Pages 183-200 in M. D. Bertness, S. Gaines, and M. E. Hay, editors. Marine community ecology. Sinauer, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA.
72. Victor, B. C. 1991. Settlement strategies and biogeography of reef fishes. Pages 231-260 in P. F. Sale, editor. The ecology of fishes on coral reefs. Academic Press, San Diego, California, USA.
73. Washburn, L., S. Stone, and S. MacIntyre. 1999. Dispersion of produced water in a coastal environment and its biological implications. Continental Shelf Research 19:57-78.
74. Windsor, D. M. 1990. Climate and moisture variability in a tropical forest: long-term records from Barro Colorado Island, Panamá. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., USA.
75. Wing, S. R., L. W. Botsford, S. V. Ralston, and J. L. Largier. 1998. Meroplanktonic distribution and circulation in a coastal retention zone of the northern California upwelling system. Limnology and Oceanography 43:1710-1721.
76. Young, C. M. 1995. Behavior and locomotion during the dispersal phase of larval life. Pages 249-277 in L. R. McEdwards, editor. Ecology of marine invertebrate larvae. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA.