Examination of the mutagenicity of RDX and its N-nitroso metabolites using the Salmonella reverse mutation assay

Mutation Research - Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis

Volumn 629, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 64-69

  Pan, Xiaoping ^a   San Francisco, Michael J ^a   Lee, Crystal ^a   Ochoa, Kelly M ^a   Xu, Xiaozheng ^a   Liu, Jun ^a   Zhang, Baohong ^a   Cox, Stephen B ^a   Cobb, George P ^a  

^a TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Ames; Assay; MNX; Mutagenesis; RDX; TNX explosives

Indexed keywords

CYCLONITE; HEXAHYDRO 1 NITROSO 3,5 DINITRO 1,3,5 TRIAZINE; HEXAHYDRO 1,3,5 TRINITROSO 1,3,5 TRIAZINE; NITROSO DERIVATIVE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

AMES TEST; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL STRAIN; CONCENTRATION RESPONSE; CONTROLLED STUDY; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; MUTAGEN TESTING; MUTAGENICITY; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVERTANT; SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS;

DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; EXPLOSIVE AGENTS; FRAMESHIFT MUTATION; MICROSOMES, LIVER; MOLECULAR STRUCTURE; MUTAGENICITY TESTS; MUTAGENS; NITROSO COMPOUNDS; SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM; TRIAZINES;

SALMONELLA;

EID: 33947593521     PISSN: 13835718     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2007.01.006     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Davis J.L., Wani A.H., O'Neal B.R., and Hansen L.D. RDX biodegradation column study: comparison of electron donors for biologically induced reductive transformation in groundwater. J. Hazard. Mater. 112 (2004) 45-54
2. Halasz A., Groom C., Zhou E., Paquet L., Beaulieu C., Deschamps S., Corriveau A., Thiboutot S., Ampleman G., and Dubois A. Detection of explosives and their degradation products in soil environments. J. Chromatogr. A 963 (2002) 411-418
3. M.E. Walsh, T.F. Jenkins, Identification of TNT transformation products in soil, Technical Report CRREL-SR-92-16, Cold Regions Res Eng Lab, Hanover, NH, USA, 1992.
4. EPA Health Advisory for RDX, US EPA, Washington, DC, 1988, p. 1998.
5. P.M. Lish, B.S. Levine, E.M. Furedi-Machacek, E.M. Sagartz, V.S. Rac, Determination of the chronic mammalian toxicological effects of RDX: twenty-four month chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity study of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) in the B6C3F1 hybrid mouse, US Army Medical Research and Development Command. Doc Number AD A 160774, 1984.
6. E.R. Hart, Two Year Feeding Study in Rats, Litton Bionetics Inc., Kensington, MD. Office of Navel Research xontract number N00014-73-C-0162. ADA 040161, 1976.
7. B.S. Levine, E.M. Furedi-Machacek, V.S. Rac, D.E. Gordon, P.M. Lish, Determination of the chronic mammalian toxicological effects of RDX: twenty-four month chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity study of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) in Fischer 344 rat. Phase V, vol. 1. Contract no. DAMD 17-79-C-9161, IIT Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois. ADA 160774. U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, MD, 1983.
8. Meyer S.A., Marchand A.J., Hight J.L., Roberts G.H., Escalon L.B., Inouye L.S., and MacMillan D.K. Up-and-down procedure (UDP) determinations of acute oral toxicity of nitroso degradation products of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX). J. Appl. Toxicol. 25 (2005) 427-434
9. McCormick N.G., Cornell J.H., and Kaplan A.M. Biodegradation of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 42 (1981) 817-823
10. Kitts C.L., Cunningham D.P., and Unkefer P.J. Isolation of three hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine-degrading species of the family Enterobacteriaceae from nitramine explosive-contaminated soil. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60 (1994) 4608-4611
11. Young D.M., Kitts C.L., Unkefer P.J., and Ogden K.L. Biological breakdown of RDX in slurry reactors proceeds with multiple kinetically distinguishable paths. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 56 (1997) 258-267
12. Adrian N.R., and Arnett C.M. Anaerobic biodegradation of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) by Acetobacterium malicum strain HAAP-1 isolated from a methanogenic mixed culture. Curr. Microbiol. 48 (2004) 332-340
13. Bhushan B., Halasz A., Thiboutot S., Ampleman G., and Hawari J. Chemotaxis-mediated biodegradation of cyclic nitramine explosives RDX9 HMX, and CL-20 by Clostridium sp EDB2. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 316 (2004) 816-821
14. Beller H.R., and Tiemeier K. Use of liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry to detect distinctive indicators of in situ RDX transformation in contaminated groundwater. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36 (2002) 2060-2066
15. Sheremata T.W., Halasz A., Paquet L., Thiboutot S., Ampleman G., and Hawari J. The fate of the cyclic nitramine explosive RDX in natural soil. Environ. Sci. Technol. 35 (2001) 1037-1040
16. Pan X.P., Zhang B.H., Cox S.B., Anderson T.A., and Cobb G.P. Determination of N-nitroso derivatives of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) in soils by pressurized liquid extraction and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 1107 (2006) 2-8
17. Gray R., Peto R., Brantom P., and Grasso P. Chronic nitrosamine ingestion in 1040 rodents: the effect of the choice of nitrosamine, the species studied, and the age of starting exposure. Cancer Res. 51 (1991) 6470-6491
18. Druckrey H., Preussmann R., Ivankovic S., and Schmahl D. Organotropic carcinogenic effects of 65 various N-nitroso-compounds on BD rats. Zeitschrift fur Krebsforschung 69 (1967) 103-201
19. Lijinsky W., and Reuber M.D. Carcinogenic effect of nitrosopyrrolidine, nitrosopiperidine and nitrosohexamethyleneimine in Fischer rats. Cancer Lett. 12 (1981) 99-103
20. N.I.H. Health Safety Data Sheet of 1,4-Dinitrosopiperazine, 1982. http://www.niehs.nih.gov/odhsb/datasheets/pdf/140-79-4.pdf.
21. Maron D.M., and Ames B.N. Revised methods for the Salmonella mutagenicity test. Mutat. Res. 113 (1983) 173-215
22. Whong W.Z., Speciner N.D., and Edwards G.S. Mutagenic activity of tetryl, a nitroaromatic explosive, in three microbial test systems. Toxicol. Lett. 5 (1980) 11-17
23. Tan E.L., Ho C.H., Griest W.H., and Tyndall R.L. Mutagenicity of trinitrotoluene and its metabolites formed during composting. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 36 (1992) 165-175
24. George S.E., Huggins-Clark G., and Brooks L.R. Use of a Salmonella microsuspension bioassay to detect the mutagenicity of munitions compounds at low concentrations. Mutat. Res. 490 (2001) 45-56
25. V.F. Simmon, R.J. Spanggord, S. Eckford, V. McClurg, Mutagenicity of some munitions wastewater chemicals and chlorine test reagents. SRI International, Contract no. DAMD 17-76-C-6013, U.S. Army Medical research and Development Command, 1977.
26. J.M. Cholakis, C.K. Wong, D.L. van Goethem, J. Minor, R. Short, H. Sprinz, H.V. Ellis, Mammalian toxicological evaluation of RDX. III. Midwest Research Institute, contract no. DAMD 17-78-C-8027. ADA 092531, U.S. Army Medical research and Development Command, Frederick, MD, 1980.
27. Zielenska M., and Guttenplan J.B. Effects of Uv repair, error-prone repair and critical site of mutation on mutagenesis induced by N-nitrosamines. Mutat. Res. 180 (1987) 11-20
28. Pan X.P., Zhang B.H., Tian K., Jones L.E., Liu J., Anderson T.A., Wang J.S., and Cobb G.P. Liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry analysis of octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX). Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 20 (2006) 2222-2226
29. Schrader T.J., Cherry W., Soper K., and Langlois I. Further examination of the effects of nitrosylation on Alternaria alternata mycotoxin mutagenicity in vitro. Mutat. Res. Genetic Toxicol. Environ. Mutagenesis 606 (2006) 61-71
30. Levin D.E., Mullins M.C., and Ames B.N. The development of Salmonella tester strains for classifying mutagens as to their base-substitution specificity. Environ. Mutagenesis 7 (1985) 46-146
31. Hartman P.E., and Aukerman S.L. Salmonella tester strains: mutational targets and correlation with animal carcinogenicity and teratogenicity. Basic Life Sci. 38 (1986) 407-424
32. Levin D.E., Hollstein M., Christman M.F., Schwiers E.A., and Ames B.N. A new Salmonella tester strain (Ta102) with A.T base-pairs at the site of mutation detects oxidative mutagens. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America-Biological Sciences, vol. 79 (1982) 7445-7449
33. Levin D.E., Hollstein M., Christman M.F., and Ames B.N. Detection of oxidative mutagens with a new Salmonella tester strain (Ta102). Methods Enzymol. 105 (1984) 249-254
34. Mirvish S.S. Role of N-nitroso compounds (NOC) and N-nitrosation in etiology of gastric, esophageal, nasopharyngeal and bladder: cancer and contribution to cancer of known exposures to NOC. Cancer Lett. 93 (1995) 17-48
35. Guttenplan J.B. N-Nitrosamines-bacterial mutagenesis and invitro metabolism. Mutat. Res. 186 (1987) 81-134
36. Archer M.C. Mechanisms of action of N-nitroso compounds. Cancer Surveys 8 (1989) 241-250
37. Hiranihojatti S., Milligan J.R., Kovnat A., Brown K., and Archer M.C. Activation of the C-Ha-Ras-1 proto-oncogene by methylation invitro with alpha-acetoxy-N-nitrosodimethylamine. Mol. Carcinog. 2 (1989) 101-106
38. Zeiger E., Legator M.S., and Lijinsky W. Mutagenicity of N-nitrosopiperazines for Salmonella typhimurium in the host-mediated assay. Cancer Res. 32 (1972) 1598-1599
39. Arfsten D.P., Davenport R., and Schaeffer D.J. Reversion of bioluminescent bacteria (Mutatox) to their luminescent state upon exposure to organic compounds, munitions, and metal salts. Biomed. Environ. Sci. 7 (1994) 144-149
40. Reddy G., Erexson G.L., Cifone M.A., Major M.A., and Leach G.J. Genotoxicity assessment of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX). Int. J. Toxicol. 24 (2005) 427-434