메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 108, Issue A7, 2003, Pages

Solar variations in extremely low frequency propagation parameters: 1. A two-dimensional telegraph equation (TDTE) model of ELF propagation and fundamental parameters of Schumann resonances

Author keywords

ELF propagations; Schumann resonances; Two dimensional telegraph equations

Indexed keywords


EID: 33947523988     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699402     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2002JA009304     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (21)

References (56)
  • 1
    • 34547575585 scopus 로고
    • Observation of Earth-ionosphere cavity resonances
    • Balser, M., and C. A. Wagner, Observation of Earth-ionosphere cavity resonances, Nature, 188, 638-641, 1960.
    • (1960) Nature , vol.188 , pp. 638-641
    • Balser, M.1    Wagner, C.A.2
  • 2
    • 0042025108 scopus 로고
    • Diurnal power variation of the Earth-ionosphere cavity modes and their relationship to worldwide thunderstorm activity
    • Balser, M., and C. A. Wagner, Diurnal power variation of the Earth-ionosphere cavity modes and their relationship to worldwide thunderstorm activity, J. Geophys. Res., 67, 619, 1962.
    • (1962) J. Geophys. Res , vol.67 , pp. 619
    • Balser, M.1    Wagner, C.A.2
  • 3
    • 0010288259 scopus 로고
    • Variations in extremely low-frequency propagation parameters
    • Bannister, P. R., Variations in extremely low-frequency propagation parameters, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 37, 1203-1210, 1975.
    • (1975) J. Atmos. Terr. Phys , vol.37 , pp. 1203-1210
    • Bannister, P.R.1
  • 6
    • 16444371166 scopus 로고
    • An experimental investigation of ELF attenuation rates in the Earth-ionosphere duct
    • Burke, C. P., and D. L. Jones, An experimental investigation of ELF attenuation rates in the Earth-ionosphere duct, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 54, 243-250, 1992.
    • (1992) J. Atmos. Terr. Phys , vol.54 , pp. 243-250
    • Burke, C.P.1    Jones, D.L.2
  • 7
    • 0029502481 scopus 로고
    • Global radiolocation in the lower ELF frequency band
    • Burke, C. P., and D. L. Jones, Global radiolocation in the lower ELF frequency band, J. Geophys. Res., 100(D12), 26,263-26,272, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res , vol.100 , Issue.D12
    • Burke, C.P.1    Jones, D.L.2
  • 8
    • 0029756216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the polarity and continuing currents in unusually large lightning flashes deduced from ELF events
    • Burke, C. P., and D. L. Jones, On the polarity and continuing currents in unusually large lightning flashes deduced from ELF events, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 58, 531-540, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Atmos. Terr. Phys , vol.58 , pp. 531-540
    • Burke, C.P.1    Jones, D.L.2
  • 10
    • 84944854607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Burrows, M. L., and C. W. Niessen, Ocean 72, IEEE Publ, 72, 95-109, 1972.
    • Burrows, M. L., and C. W. Niessen, Ocean 72, IEEE Publ, 72, 95-109, 1972.
  • 11
    • 0000412580 scopus 로고
    • Earth-ionosphere cavity resonances and the propagation of extremely low frequency radio waves
    • Chapman, F. W., and D. L. Jones, Earth-ionosphere cavity resonances and the propagation of extremely low frequency radio waves, Nature, 202, 654, 1964.
    • (1964) Nature , vol.202 , pp. 654
    • Chapman, F.W.1    Jones, D.L.2
  • 12
    • 0000950661 scopus 로고
    • Observations on the propagation constant of the Earth-ionosphere waveguide in the frequency band 8 Hz to 16 kHz
    • Chapman, F. W., D. L. Jones, J. D. Todd, and R. A. Challinor, Observations on the propagation constant of the Earth-ionosphere waveguide in the frequency band 8 Hz to 16 kHz, Radio Science, 1(11), 1273-1282, 1966.
    • (1966) Radio Science , vol.1 , Issue.11 , pp. 1273-1282
    • Chapman, F.W.1    Jones, D.L.2    Todd, J.D.3    Challinor, R.A.4
  • 13
    • 84905345158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clayton, M.; and C. Polk, Diurnal variation and absolute intensity of worldwide lighting activity, September 1970 to May 1971, in Electrical Processes in Atmospheres, edited by H. Dolezalek and R. Reiter, pp. 174-177, Steinkopff, Darmstadt, Germany, 1974.
    • Clayton, M.; and C. Polk, Diurnal variation and absolute intensity of worldwide lighting activity, September 1970 to May 1971, in Electrical Processes in Atmospheres, edited by H. Dolezalek and R. Reiter, pp. 174-177, Steinkopff, Darmstadt, Germany, 1974.
  • 14
    • 41749083094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global observations of discrete Earth-ionosphere cavity resonance excitations
    • paper presented at, Natl. Res. Council of Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 13-21 August
    • Füllekrug, M., Global observations of discrete Earth-ionosphere cavity resonance excitations, paper presented at XXVI General Assembly Conference URSI, Natl. Res. Council of Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 13-21 August 1999.
    • (1999) XXVI General Assembly Conference URSI
    • Füllekrug, M.1
  • 15
    • 0005116804 scopus 로고
    • Terrestrial extremely low noise frequency noise spectrum in the presence of exponential ionospheric conductivity profiles
    • Galejs, J., Terrestrial extremely low noise frequency noise spectrum in the presence of exponential ionospheric conductivity profiles, J. Geophys. Res., 66, 2787, 1961.
    • (1961) J. Geophys. Res , vol.66 , pp. 2787
    • Galejs, J.1
  • 16
    • 0005157492 scopus 로고
    • A further note on terrestrial extremely low frequency propagation in the presence of isotropic with an exponential conductivity profiles
    • Galejs, J., A further note on terrestrial extremely low frequency propagation in the presence of isotropic with an exponential conductivity profiles, J. Geophys. Res., 67, 2715, 1962.
    • (1962) J. Geophys. Res , vol.67 , pp. 2715
    • Galejs, J.1
  • 17
    • 0042025110 scopus 로고
    • Schumann resonances
    • Galejs, J., Schumann resonances, Radio Sci, 69D, 1043-1055, 1965.
    • (1965) Radio Sci , vol.69 D , pp. 1043-1055
    • Galejs, J.1
  • 19
    • 0018011949 scopus 로고
    • Approximate method for determining ELF eigenvalues in the Earth-ionosphere cavity
    • Greifinger, C., and P. Greifinger, Approximate method for determining ELF eigenvalues in the Earth-ionosphere cavity, Radio Sci., 13, 831, 1978.
    • (1978) Radio Sci , vol.13 , pp. 831
    • Greifinger, C.1    Greifinger, P.2
  • 20
    • 0018518480 scopus 로고
    • On the ionospheric parameters which govern high-latitude ELF propagation in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide
    • Greifinger, C., and P. Greifinger, On the ionospheric parameters which govern high-latitude ELF propagation in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide, Radio Sci., 14, 889, 1979.
    • (1979) Radio Sci , vol.14 , pp. 889
    • Greifinger, C.1    Greifinger, P.2
  • 21
    • 41749086026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of Day/Night assymetry
    • paper presented at, Natl. Res. Council of Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 13-21 August
    • Heckman, S. J., The importance of Day/Night assymetry, paper presented at XXVI General Assembly Conference URSI, Natl. Res. Council of Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 13-21 August 1999.
    • (1999) XXVI General Assembly Conference URSI
    • Heckman, S.J.1
  • 24
    • 0005199270 scopus 로고
    • The calculation of the Q-factors and frequencies of Earthionosphere cavity resonances for two-layer ionospheric model
    • Jones, D. L., The calculation of the Q-factors and frequencies of Earthionosphere cavity resonances for two-layer ionospheric model, J. Geophys. Res., 69, 4037, 1964.
    • (1964) J. Geophys. Res , vol.69 , pp. 4037
    • Jones, D.L.1
  • 25
    • 0001309018 scopus 로고
    • Schumann resonances and ELF propagation for inhomogeneous isotropic ionospheric profiles
    • Jones, D. L., Schumann resonances and ELF propagation for inhomogeneous isotropic ionospheric profiles, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 29, 1037, 1967.
    • (1967) J. Atmos. Terr. Phys , vol.29 , pp. 1037
    • Jones, D.L.1
  • 26
    • 0041664061 scopus 로고
    • Electromagnetic radiation from multiple return strokes of lighting
    • Jones, D. L., Electromagnetic radiation from multiple return strokes of lighting, J. Almos. Terr. Phys., 32, 1077, 1970.
    • (1970) J. Almos. Terr. Phys , vol.32 , pp. 1077
    • Jones, D.L.1
  • 27
    • 0010262938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ELF sferics and lighting effects on the middle and upper atmosphere
    • Jones, D. L., ELF sferics and lighting effects on the middle and upper atmosphere, Mod. Radio Sci., 171, 1999.
    • (1999) Mod. Radio Sci , vol.171
    • Jones, D.L.1
  • 28
    • 0005119702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ELF electromagnetic waves within the Earth-ionosphere waveguide
    • in Russian
    • Kirillov, V., V. Kopeykin, and V. Mushtak, ELF electromagnetic waves within the Earth-ionosphere waveguide, Geomagn. Aerbn., 37, 114-120, (in Russian), 1997.
    • (1997) Geomagn. Aerbn , vol.37 , pp. 114-120
    • Kirillov, V.1    Kopeykin, V.2    Mushtak, V.3
  • 31
    • 15344346713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kulak, A., J. Kubisz, A. Michalec, S. Ziȩba, and Z. Nieckarz, Solar variations in extremely low frequency propagation parameters: 2. Observations of Schumann resonances and computation of the ELF attenuation parameter, J. Geophys. Res., 108, doi:10.1029/2002JA009305, in press, 2003.
    • Kulak, A., J. Kubisz, A. Michalec, S. Ziȩba, and Z. Nieckarz, Solar variations in extremely low frequency propagation parameters: 2. Observations of Schumann resonances and computation of the ELF attenuation parameter, J. Geophys. Res., 108, doi:10.1029/2002JA009305, in press, 2003.
  • 32
    • 84977286262 scopus 로고
    • Low frequency electromagnetic oscillations of the Earth-ionosphere cavity
    • Madden, T., and W. Thompson, Low frequency electromagnetic oscillations of the Earth-ionosphere cavity, Rev. Geophys., 3, 211-254, 1965.
    • (1965) Rev. Geophys , vol.3 , pp. 211-254
    • Madden, T.1    Thompson, W.2
  • 34
    • 41749108706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Propagation parameters, the Earth-ionosphere cavity, sources
    • Hierarchy of interpretational ELF models:, paper presented at, Natl Res. Council of Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 13-21 August
    • Mushtak, C. V., and E. R. Williams, Hierarchy of interpretational ELF models: Propagation parameters, the Earth-ionosphere cavity, sources, paper presented at XXVI General Assembly Conference URSI, Natl Res. Council of Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 13-21 August 1999.
    • (1999) XXVI General Assembly Conference URSI
    • Mushtak, C.V.1    Williams, E.R.2
  • 35
    • 0005199271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schumann resonances and the temporal-spatial dynamics of global thunderstorm activity
    • paper presented at, NASA, Guntersville, Ala, June
    • Mushtak, C. V., R. Boldi, and E. R. Williams, Schumann resonances and the temporal-spatial dynamics of global thunderstorm activity, paper presented at 11th International Conference on Atmospheric Electricity, NASA, Guntersville, Ala., June 1999.
    • (1999) 11th International Conference on Atmospheric Electricity
    • Mushtak, C.V.1    Boldi, R.2    Williams, E.R.3
  • 36
    • 0031460043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modern aspects of Schumann resonance studies
    • Nickolaenko, A. P., Modern aspects of Schumann resonance studies, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 59, 805-816, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Atmos. Terr. Phys , vol.59 , pp. 805-816
    • Nickolaenko, A.P.1
  • 39
    • 0029544197 scopus 로고
    • Study of the annual changes of global lighting distribution and frequency variations of the first Schumann resonance mode
    • Nickolaenko, A. P., and L. M. Rabinowich, Study of the annual changes of global lighting distribution and frequency variations of the first Schumann resonance mode, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 57, 1345-1348, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Atmos. Terr. Phys , vol.57 , pp. 1345-1348
    • Nickolaenko, A.P.1    Rabinowich, L.M.2
  • 40
    • 0005136632 scopus 로고
    • Worldwide simultaneity of occurrence of Q-type ELF burst in the Schumann resonance frequency range
    • Ogawa, T., Y. Tanaka, and M. Yasuhra, Worldwide simultaneity of occurrence of Q-type ELF burst in the Schumann resonance frequency range, J. Geomagn. Geoelectr., 19, 115-121, 1967.
    • (1967) J. Geomagn. Geoelectr , vol.19 , pp. 115-121
    • Ogawa, T.1    Tanaka, Y.2    Yasuhra, M.3
  • 41
    • 0005194953 scopus 로고
    • On the extra low frequency spectrum of the Earth-ionosphere cavity response to electrical storms
    • Ramer, E. T., On the extra low frequency spectrum of the Earth-ionosphere cavity response to electrical storms, J. Geophys. Res., 66, 1580, 1961.
    • (1961) J. Geophys. Res , vol.66 , pp. 1580
    • Ramer, E.T.1
  • 42
    • 41749091418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • El Nino related meridional shifts in the global position of the worldwide thunderstorm activity
    • paper presented at, NASA, Guntersville, Ala, June
    • Satori, G., and B. Zieger, El Nino related meridional shifts in the global position of the worldwide thunderstorm activity, paper presented at 11th International Conference on Atmospheric Electricity, NASA, Guntersville, Ala., June 1999.
    • (1999) 11th International Conference on Atmospheric Electricity
    • Satori, G.1    Zieger, B.2
  • 43
    • 17744397900 scopus 로고
    • Schumann resonance effects of electrical conductivity perturbations in exponential atmospheric/ionospheric profile
    • Sentman, D. D., Schumann resonance effects of electrical conductivity perturbations in exponential atmospheric/ionospheric profile, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 45, 55, 1983.
    • (1983) J. Atmos. Terr. Phys , vol.45 , pp. 55
    • Sentman, D.D.1
  • 44
    • 0002147666 scopus 로고
    • Approximate Schumann resonance parameters for a two-scale-height ionosphere
    • Sentman, D. D., Approximate Schumann resonance parameters for a two-scale-height ionosphere, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 52(1), 35-46, 1990.
    • (1990) J. Atmos. Terr. Phys , vol.52 , Issue.1 , pp. 35-46
    • Sentman, D.D.1
  • 45
    • 0009609579 scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous observations of Schumann resonances in California and Australia: Evidence for intensity modulation by the local height of D region
    • Sentman, D. D., and B. J. Fraser, Simultaneous observations of Schumann resonances in California and Australia: evidence for intensity modulation by the local height of D region, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 15,973-15,984, 1991.
    • (1991) J. Geophys. Res , vol.96
    • Sentman, D.D.1    Fraser, B.J.2
  • 46
    • 0027795623 scopus 로고
    • Observations of upper atmospheric optical flashes recorded from aircraft
    • Sentman, D. D., and E. M. Westcott, Observations of upper atmospheric optical flashes recorded from aircraft, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 2857-2860, 1993.
    • (1993) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.20 , pp. 2857-2860
    • Sentman, D.D.1    Westcott, E.M.2
  • 47
    • 41749120148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distance estimation to the world thunderstorm centers by measurement of the Schumann resonance background
    • paper presented at, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 13-21 August
    • Shvets, A. V., Distance estimation to the world thunderstorm centers by measurement of the Schumann resonance background, paper presented at XXVI General Assembly Conference URSI, sponsor?, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 13-21 August 1999.
    • (1999) XXVI General Assembly Conference URSI, sponsor
    • Shvets, A.V.1
  • 48
    • 84934575604 scopus 로고
    • Linear waves in dispersive media
    • edited by S. Leibovich and A. R. Seebass, Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca, N. Y
    • Tay, S., Linear waves in dispersive media, in Nonlinear Waves, edited by S. Leibovich and A. R. Seebass, Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca, N. Y., 1974.
    • (1974) Nonlinear Waves
    • Tay, S.1
  • 49
    • 0010234254 scopus 로고
    • Schumann resonance and electrical conductivity of the atmosphere and lower ionosphere, II. Evaluation of conductivity profiles from experimental Schumann resonance data
    • Tran, A., and C. Polk, Schumann resonance and electrical conductivity of the atmosphere and lower ionosphere, II. Evaluation of conductivity profiles from experimental Schumann resonance data, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 41, 1249-1261, 1979.
    • (1979) J. Atmos. Terr. Phys , vol.41 , pp. 1249-1261
    • Tran, A.1    Polk, C.2
  • 50
    • 84938010029 scopus 로고
    • On the propagation of ELF radio waves and the influence of a nonhomogenous ionosphere
    • Wait, J. R., On the propagation of ELF radio waves and the influence of a nonhomogenous ionosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 65, 595, 1960.
    • (1960) J. Geophys. Res , vol.65 , pp. 595
    • Wait, J.R.1
  • 53
    • 0002573153 scopus 로고
    • Investigations on lightning discharges and on electric field of thunderstorms
    • Wilson, C. T. R., Investigations on lightning discharges and on electric field of thunderstorms, Philos. Trans.R. Soc. London, 221, 73, 1925.
    • (1925) Philos. Trans.R. Soc. London , vol.221 , pp. 73
    • Wilson, C.T.R.1
  • 54
    • 0000887910 scopus 로고
    • A theory of thundercloud electricity
    • Wilson, C. T. R., A theory of thundercloud electricity, Proc. R. Soc. London A, 236, 297, 1956.
    • (1956) Proc. R. Soc. London A , vol.236 , pp. 297
    • Wilson, C.T.R.1
  • 56
    • 84905333869 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of different extragalactic objects in the field of the North Galactic Pole
    • Ziȩba, S., Distribution of different extragalactic objects in the field of the North Galactic Pole, Acta Cosmologica, Z6, 75-101, 1977.
    • (1977) Acta Cosmologica, Z6 , pp. 75-101
    • Ziȩba, S.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.