ELF sferics and lightning effects on the middle and upper atmosphere

Modern Radio Science 1999

Volumn , Issue , 1999, Pages 171-189

  Jones, D Llanwyn ^a  

^a KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Atmosphere; Clouds; Electromagnetics; Geophysical measurement techniques; Ground penetrating radar; Lightning; Sprites (computer)

Indexed keywords

CLOUDS; EARTH ATMOSPHERE; GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS; GROUND PENETRATING RADAR SYSTEMS; LIGHTNING;

ELECTROMAGNETICS; GEOPHYSICAL MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES; GROUND PENETRATING RADAR; SPRITES (COMPUTER);

UPPER ATMOSPHERE;

EID: 0010262938     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1109/9780470545324.ch9     Document Type: Chapter

References (44)

1. Barr, R [1970], “The VLF and ELF Amplitude Spectrum of Amospheries," J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 32, pp. 977-990.
2. Boccippio, D. J., E. R. Williams, S. J. Heckman, W. A. Lyons, I. T. Baker and R. Boldi [1995], “Sprites, ELF Transients, and Positive Ground Strokes," Science, 269, pp. 1088-1091.
3. Boccippio, D. J., C. Wong, E. R. Williams, R. Boldi, H. J. Christian and S. J. Goodman [1998], “Global Validation of Single-Station Schumann Resonance Lightning Location," J. Atmos. Sol-Terr. Phys., 60, pp. 701-712.
4. Burke, C. P. and D. LI. Jones [1992], “An Experimental Investigation of ELF Attenuation Rates in the Earth-Ionosphere Duct," J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 54, pp. 243-250.
5. Burke, C. P. and D. LI. Jones [1995], “Global Radiolocation in the Lower ELF Frequency Band,", J Geophys. Res., 100, (D12), pp. 26,263-26,272.
6. Burke, C. P. and D. LI. Jones [1996], “On the Polarity and Continuing Currents in Unusually Large Lightning Flashes Deduced from ELF Events," J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 58, pp. 531-540.
7. Cummer, S. A. and U. S. Inan [1997], “Measurement of Charge Transfer in Sprite-Producing Lightning using ELF Radio Atmospherics," Geophys. Res. Lett, 24, pp. 1731-1734.
8. Cummer, S. A., U. S. Inan, T. F. Bell and C. P. Barrington-Leigh [1998], “ELF Radiation Produced by Electrical Currents in Sprites," Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, pp. 1281-1284.
9. Fukunishi, H., Y. Takahashi, M. Kubota, K. Sakanoi, U. S. Inan and W. A. Lyons [1996] “Elves: Lightning-Induced Transient Luminous Events in the Lower Ionosphere," Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, pp. 2157-2160.
10. Füllekrug, M., S. C. Reising and W. A. Lyons [1996], “On the Accuracy of Arrival Azimuth Determination of Sprite-Associated Lightning Flashes by Earth-Ionosphere Cavity Resonances," Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, pp. 3691-3694.
11. Füllekrug, M. and S. C. Reising [1998], “Excitation of Earth-Ionosphere Cavity Resonances by Sprite-Associated Lightning Flashes," Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, pp. 4145-4148.
12. Galejs, J. [1972], Terrestrial Propagation of Long Electromagnetic Waves, New York, Pergamon Press.
13. Holzworth, R. W [1996], “Introduction to Special Section: Atmospheric Electricity: An IUGG Symposium," J. Geophys. Res., 101, D23, pp. 29,607-29,608.
14. Huang, E [1997], “Electromagnetic Transients, Elves and Sprites in the Earth-Ionosphere Waveguide," M. Eng. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA.
15. Huang, E., E. Williams, R. Boldi, S. Heckman, W. Lyons, M. Taylor, T. Nelson and C. Wong [1999], “Criteria for Sprites and Elves Based on Schumann Resonance Observations," J. Geophys. Res. In press.
16. Ishaq, M. and D. LI. Jones [1977], “Methods of Obtaining ELF Propagation Parameters for the Earth-Ionosphere Duct at ELF," Electronics Lett. 13, pp. 254-255.
17. Jackson, J. D. [1998], Classical Electrodynamics (3rd Edition), New York, John Wiley, pp. 374-378.
18. Jones, D. LI [1967], “Schumann resonances and ELF Propagation for Inhomogeneous, Isotropic Ionosphere Profiles," J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 29, pp. 1037-1044.
19. Jones, D. LI. [1970a], “Numerical Computation of Terrestrial ELF Electromagnetic Wave Fields in the Frequency Domain," Radio Scl, 5, pp. 803-809.
20. Jones, D. LI. [1970b], “Propagation of ELF Pulses in the Earth-Ionosphere Cavity and Application to ‘Slow Tail’ Atmospherics," Radio Scl, 5, pp. 1153-1162.
21. Jones, D. LI [1984], “The Interpretation of ELF Propagation Data Using a Full-Wave Matrix Method," Technical Report RP840823, pp. 16. (Available from the author).
22. Jones, D. LI. and C. P. Burke [1990], “Zonal Harmonic Series Expansion of Legendre Functions and Associated Legendre Functions," J. Phys. A: Math. Gen., 23, pp. 3159-3168.
23. Jones, D. LI. and C. P. Burke [1995], “ELF Radio," in I.E.E. Conference Publication 411, "100 Years of Radio, " I.E.E., Savoy Place, London, pp. 101-106.
24. Kemp, D. T. and D. LI. Jones [1971], “A New Technique for the Analysis of Transient Electromagnetic Disturbances in the Earth-Ionosphere Cavity," J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 33, pp. 567-572.
25. Lyons, W. A [1996] “Sprite Observations above the US High Plains in Relation to their Parent Thunderstorm Systems," J. Geophys. Res., 101, pp. 29,641-29,652.
26. Ma, Z., C. L. Croskey and L. C. Hale [1998], “The Electrodynamic Responses of the Atmosphere and Ionosphere to the Lightning Discharge," J. Atmos. Sol-Terr. Phys., 60, pp. 845-862.
27. Marshall, T. C. and W. D. Rust [1993], “Two Types of Vertical Electrical Structures in Stratiform Precipitation Regions of Mesoscale Convective Systems," Bull. Am. Met. Soc, 74, pp. 2159-2170.
28. Marshall, L. H, L. C. Hale, C. L. Croskey and W. A. Lyons [1998], “Electromagnetics of Sprite- and Elve-Associated Sferics," J. Atmos. Sol-Terr. Phys., 60, pp. 771-786.
29. Nickolaenko, A. P. and I. G. Kudintseva [1994], “A Modified Technique to Locate the Sources of ELF Transient Events," J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 56, pp. 1493-1498.
30. Nickolaenko, A. P [1997], “Modern Aspects of Schumann Resonance Studies’" J. Atmos. Sol-Terr. Phys., 59, pp. 805-816.
31. Ogawa, T., Y. Tanaka, A. C. Fraser-Smith and R. Gendrin [1967], “Worldwide Simultaneity of Occurrence of a Q-type ELF Burst in the Schumann Resonance Frequency Range," J. Geomag. Geoelec., 19, pp. 377-385.
32. Pasko, V. P., U. S. Inan and T. F. Bell [1996], “Blue Jets Produced by Quasi-Electrostatic Pre-Discharge Thundercloud Fields," Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, pp. 301-304
33. Pinto, O. Jr., R. B. B. Gin, I. R. Pinto, O. Mendes Jr., J. H. Diniz and A. M. Carvalho [1996], “Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Flash Characteristics in Southeastern Brazil for the 1992-1993 Summer Season," J. Geophys. Res., 101, pp. 29,627-29,635.
34. Rodger, C. J [1999], “Red Sprites, Upward Lightning and VLF Perturbations," Rev. Geophys., In press.
35. Rowland, H. L [1998], “Theories and Simulations of Elves, Sprites and Blue Jets," J. Atmos. Sol-Terr. Phys., 60, pp. 831-844.
36. Sentman, D. D. and E. M. Westcott [1993], “Observations of Upper Atmospheric Optical Flashes Recorded from and Aircraft," Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, pp. 2867-2860.
37. Sentman, D. D [1995], “Schumann Resonances," in H. Volland (ed.), Handbook of Atmospheric Electrodynamics, Boca Raton, CRC Press, pp. 267-310.
38. Sentman, D. D., E. M. Westcott, D. L. Osborne, D. L. Hampton and M. J. Heavner [1995], “Preliminary Results from the Sprites94 Aircraft Campaign: 1. Red Sprites," Geophys Res. Lett., 22, pp. 1205-1208.
39. Sentman, D. D [1996], “Schumann Resonance Spectra in a Two-Scale-Height Earth-Ionosphere Cavity," J. Geophys. Res., 100, pp. 7097-7103.
40. Sentman, D. D [1998], “Effects of Thunderstorm Activity on the Upper Atmosphere and Ionosphere: Special Issue of the J. of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics," J. Atmos. Sol-Terr. Phys., 60, p. 667.
41. Strangeways, H. J [1996], “Lightning, Trimpis and Sprites," in W. R. Stone (ed.), Rev. Radio Science 1993-1996, OUP, pp. 741-780.
42. Uman, M. A., [1987], The Lightning Discharge, Orlando FL, Academic Press.
43. Wait, J. R. [1970] Electromagnetic Waves in Stratified Media (2nd ed.), New York, Per-gamon Press. (Alternatively see [1996] 3rd ed., New York, IEEE Press & Oxford University Press.)
44. Williams, E. R [1998], “The Positive Charge Reservoir for Sprite-Producing Lightning," J. Atmos. Sol-Terr. Phys., 60, pp. 689-692.