Time-scale invariant changes in atmospheric radon concentration and crustal strain prior to a large earthquake

Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics

Volumn 14, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 123-130

  Kawada, Y ^a   Nagahama, H ^a   Omori, Y ^a   Yasuoka, Y ^b   Ishikawa, T ^c   Tokonami, S ^c   Shinogi, M ^b  

^a TOHOKU UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^b KOBE PHARMACEUTICAL UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^c NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF RADIOLOGICAL SCIENCES   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC GAS; CRUST; EARTHQUAKE PRECURSOR; MICROCRACK; PERMEABILITY; POWER LAW; RADON; STRAIN; TEMPORAL VARIATION;

EID: 33947359443     PISSN: 10235809     EISSN: 16077946     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/npg-14-123-2007     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Ball, T. K., Cameron, D. G., Colman, T. B., and Roberts, P. D.: Behaviour of radon in the geological environment: a review, Quart. J. Engng. Geol., 24, 169-182, 1991.
2. Bear, J.: Dynamics of Fluids in Porous Media, Elsevier, New York, 1972.
3. Ben-Zion, Y. and Lyakhovsky, V.: Accelerated seismic release and related aspects of seismicity patterns on earthquake faults, Pure Appl. Geophys., 159, 2385-2412, 2002.
4. Biot, M. A.: General theory of three-dimensional consolidation, J. Appl. Phys., 12, 155-164, 1941.
5. Biot, M. A.: Theory of stress-strain relation in anisotropic viscoelasticity and relaxation phenomena, J. Appl. Phys., 25, 1385-1391, 1954.
6. Biot, M. A.: General solutions of the equations of elasticity and consolidation for a porous material, Trans. ASME, J. Appl. Mech., 23, 91-96, 1956.
7. Boving, T. B. and Grathwohl, P.: Tracer diffusion coefficients in sedimentary rocks: correlation to porosity and hydraulic conductivity, J. Contam. Hydrol., 53, 85-100, 2001.
8. Bowman, D. D., Ouillon, G., Sammis, C. G., Sornette, A., and Sornette, D.: An observational test of the critical earthquake concept, J. Geophys. Res., 103B, 24359-24372, 1998.
9. Bufe, C. G. and Varnes, D. J.: Predictive modeling of the seismic cycle of the Greater San Francisco Bay region, J. Geophys. Res., 98B, 9871-9883, 1993.
10. Chelidze, T.: Fractal damage mechanics of geomaterials, Terra Nova, 5, 421-437, 1993.
11. Chelidze, T., Kolesnikov, Yu., and Matcharashvili, T.: Seismological criticality concept and percolation model of fracture, Geophys. J. Int., 164, 125-136, 2006.
12. de Groot, S. R. and Mazur, P.: Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1962.
13. Etiope, G. and Martinelli, G.: Migration of carrier and trace gases in the geosphere: an overview, Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 129, 185-204, 2002.
14. Fleischer, R. L.: Radon flux from the earth: methods of measurement by the nuclear track technique, J. Geophys. Res., 85C, 7553-7556, 1980.
15. Gardner, E. S.: Exponential smoothing: The state of art, J. Forcasting, 4, 1-28, 1985.
16. Hamiel, Y., Lyakhovsky, V., and Agnon, A.: Coupled evolution of damage and porosity in poroelastic media: theory and applications to deformation of porous rocks, Geophys. J. Int., 156, 701-713, 2004.
17. Hatuda, Z.: Radon content and its change in soil air near the ground surface, Mem. Col. Sci. Univ. Kyoto, Ser. B, 20, 285-306, 1953.
18. Hatuda, Z.: Radioactive method for geological exploration, Mem. Coll. Sci. Univ. Kyoto, Ser. B, 21, 231-271, 1954.
19. Holub, R. F. and Brady, B. T.: The effect of stress on radon emanation from rock, J. Geophys. Res., 86B, 1776-1784, 1981.
20. Huzita, K. and Kasama, T.: Geology of the Osaka-Seihokubu District, Quadrangle Series, with Geological Sheet Map at 1:50 000, Geol. Surv. Japan, Tsukuba, 1982.
21. Huzita, K. and Kasama, T.: Geology of the Kobe District, Quadrangle Series, with Geological Sheet Map at 1:50000, Geol. Surv. Japan, Tsukuba, 1983.
22. Huzita, K. and Maeda, Y.: Geology of the Suma District, Quadrangle Series, with Geological Sheet Map at 1:50000, Geol. Surv. Japan, Tsukuba, 1984.
23. Igarashi, G., Saeki, S., Takahata, N., Sumikawa, K., Tasaka, S., Sasaki, Y., Takahashi, M., and Sano, Y.: Ground-water radon anomaly before the Kobe earthquake in Japan, Science, 269, 60-61, 1995.
24. Ikebe, Y., Kojima, S., and Shimo, M.: On the origin and transport of Rn-222 in the atmosphere, Res. Lett. Atmos. Electr., 3, 51-54, 1983.
25. Ito, K., Ishimori, Y., and Furuta, S.: Environmental effects of radon and its progeny from uranium waste rock piles: part 2 - measurements by grab sampling methods, Radon and Thoron in the human environment, Proc. 7th Tohwa Univ. Int. Symp., Fukuoka, Japan, edited by: Katase, A. and Shimo, M., Singapore, World Scientific, 288-293, 1998.
26. 222Rn flux from soil in the U mineralised belt at Jaduguda, J. Environ. Radioact, 49, 157-169, 2000.
27. Johansen, A., Sornette, D., Wakita, H., Tsunogai, U., Newman, W. I., and Saleur, H.: Discrete scaling in earthquake precursory phenomena: evidence in the Kobe earthquake, Japan, J. Phys. I (France), 6, 1391-1402, 1996.
28. Johansen, A., Saleur, H., and Sornette, D.: New evidence of earthquake precursory phenomena in the 17 January 1995 Kobe earthquake, Japan, Eur. Phys. J. B, 15, 551-555, 2000.
29. Jou, D., Casas-Vázquez, J., and Lebon, G.: Extended Irreversible Thermodynamics, 3rd Ed., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2001.
30. Katoh, K., Nishizawa, O., Kuronose, K., and Ikeda, K.: An experimental study on variation of radon emanation from Westerly Granite under uniaxial compression Part 1, Jisin II. (in Japanese, with English abstr.), 38, 173-182, 1985.
31. Kawada, Y. and Nagahama, H.: Viscoelastic behaviour and temporal fractal properties of lherzolite and marble: possible extrapolation from experimental results to the geological time-scale, Terra Nova, 16, 128-132, 2004.
32. Kawada, Y. and Nagahama, H.: Cumultative Benioff strain-release, modified Omori's law and transient behaviour of rocks, Tectonophysics, 424, 157-166, 2006.
33. Kawada, Y., Nagahama, H., and Hara, H.: Irreversible thermodynamic and viscoelastic model for power-law relaxation and attenuation of rocks, Tectonophysics, 427, 255-263, 2006.
34. Kitagawa, Y., Fujimori, K., and Koizumi, N.: Temporal change in permeability of the rock estimated from repeated water injection experiments near the Nojima fault in Awaji Island, Japan, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1483, doi:10.1029/2001GL014030, 2002.
35. Kostrov, V. V.: Seismic moment and energy of earthquakes, and seismic flow of rock, Izv. Acad. Sci. USSR Phys. Solid Earth, 1, 23-40, 1974.
36. Lankford, J.: The role of tensile microfracture in the strain rate dependence of compressive strength of fine-grained limestone - analogy with strong ceramics, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. & Geomech. Abstr., 18, 173-175, 1981.
37. Lyakhovsky, V., Ben-Zion, Y., and Agnon, A.: Distributed damage, faulting, and friction, J. Geophys. Res., 102B, 27 635-27 649, 1997.
38. Lyakhovsky, V., Podladchikov, Yu., and Poliakov, A.: A rheological model of a fractured solid, Tectonophysics, 226, 187-198, 1993.
39. Main, I. G.: Applicability of time-to-failure analysis to accelerated strain before earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, Geophys. J. Int., 139, F1-F6, 1999.
40. Mizoguchi, K., Hirose, T., and Shimamoto, T.: Permeability structure of the Nojima fault at Funaki, Hokudan-cho, Japan, Gekkanchikyu-gougai (Earth Monthly) (in Japanease), 31, 58-65, 2000.
41. Mizuno, K., Hattori, H., Sangawa. A., and Takahashi, Y.: Geology of the Akashi District, Quadrangle Series, with Geological Sheet Map at 1:50000, Geol. Surv. Japan, Tsukuba, 1990.
42. Muto, J., Nagahama, H., Miura, T., and Arakawa, I.: Frictional discharge at fault asperities: Origin of fractal seismo-electromagnetic radiation, Tectonophysics, 431, 113-122, 2007.
43. Nanjo, K. and Nagahama, H.: Fractal properties of spatial distributions of aftershocks and active faults, Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 19, 387-397, 2004.
44. Nanjo, K. Z. and Turcotte, D. L.: Damage and rheology in a fibre-bundle model, Geophys. J. Int., 162, 859-866, 2005.
45. Nazaroff, W. W.: Radon transport from soil to air, Rev. Geophys., 30, 137-160, 1992.
46. Poirier, J. P.: Creep of Crystals, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 1985.
47. Rabinovitch, A., Frid, V., and Bahat, D.: Gutenberg-Richter-type relation for laboratory fracture-induced electromagnetic radiation, Phys. Rev. E, 65, 011401, doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.65.011401, 2002.
48. Rice, J. R. and Cleary, M. P.: Some basic stress diffusion solutions for fluid-saturated elastic porous media with compressible constituents, Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., 14, 227-241, 1976.
49. Rundle, J. B., Klein, W., Turcotte, D. L., and Malamud, B. D.: Precursory seismic activation and critical-point phenomena, Pure Appl. Geophys., 157, 2165-2182, 2000.
50. Schapery, R. A.: Application of thermodynamics to thermomechanical, fracture, and birefringent phenomena in viscoelastic media, J. Appl. Phys., 35, 1451-1465, 1964.
51. Schapery, R. A.: On the characterization of nonlinear viscoelastic materials, Polym. Eng. Sci., 9, 295-310, 1969.
52. Takayasu, H.: Fractals in the Physical Sciences, Manchester Univ. Press, Manchester, 1990.
53. Trique, M., Richon, P., Perrier, F., Avouac, J. P., and Sobroux, J. C.: Radon emanation and electric potential variation associated with transient deformation near reservoir lakes, Nature, 399, 137-141, 1999.
54. Tsunogai, U. and Wakita, H.: Precursory chemical changes in ground water: Kobe earthquake, Japan, Science, 269, 61-63, 1995.
55. Tsunogai, U. and Wakita, H.: Anormalous changes in groundwater chemistry - possible precursors of the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake, Japan, J. Phys. Earth, 44, 381-390, 1996.
56. Turcotte, D. L., Newman, W. I., and Shcherbakov, R.: Micro and macroscopic models of rock fracture, Geophys. J. Int., 152, 718-728, 2003.
57. Ward, S. N.: On the consistency of earthquake moment rates, geological fault data, and space geodetic strain: the United States, Geophys. J. Int., 134, 172-186, 1998.
58. Xie, H.: Fractals in Rock Mechanics, Balkema, Rotterdam, 1993.
59. Yasuoka, Y. and Shinogi, M.: Anomaly in atmospheric radon concentration: a possible precursor of the 1995 Kobe, Japan, earthquake, Health Phys., 72, 759-761, 1997.
60. Yasuoka, Y., Igarashi, G., Ishikawa, T., Tokonami, S., and Shinogi, M.: Evidence of precursor phenomena in the Kobe earthquake obtained from atmospheric radon concentration, Appl. Geochem., 21, 1064-1072, 2006.
61. Zhuo, W., Furukawa, M., Guo, Q., and Kim, Y. S.: Soil radon flux and outdoor radon concentrations in East Asia, Int. Congr. Ser., 1276, 285-286, 2005.