Interannual variability in dry and wet spell characteristics over Zambia

Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, Volume 5: Water Pollution

Volumn 32, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 49-62

  Hachigonta, S ^a   Reason, C J C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Dry spell frequency; ENSO; Interannual variability; Zambia

Indexed keywords

AGRICULTURE; CLIMATOLOGY; MOISTURE; RAIN; TEMPERATURE;

ANNUAL VARIATION; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; DRY SEASON; EL NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; RAINFALL; RURAL POPULATION; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WET SEASON;

AFRICA; ANGOLA; ATLANTIC OCEAN; INDIAN OCEAN; SOUTHERN AFRICA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; ZAMBIA;

EID: 33947318204     PISSN: 14336863     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.3354/cr032049     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Allan RJ, Lindesay JA, Parker DE (1996) El Niño Southern Oscillation and climatic variability. CSIRO Press, Collingwood
2. Behera SK, Yamagata T (2001) Subtropical SST dipole events in the southern Indian Ocean. Geophys Res Lett 28: 327-330
3. Cook C, Reason CJC, Hewitson H (2004) Wet and dry spells within particularly wet and dry summers in the South African summer rainfall region. Clim Res 26:17-31
4. Cressman GP (1959) An operational objective analysis system. Mon Weather Rev 87:367-374
5. Dyson LL, van Heerden J (2001) The heavy rainfall and floods over the northeastern interior of South Africa during February 2000. S Afr J Sci 97:80-86
6. Goddard L, Graham NE (1999) The importance of the Indian Ocean for simulating rainfall anomalies over eastern and southern Africa. J Geophys Res 104:19099-19116
7. Hermes JC, Reason CJC (2005) Ocean model diagnosis of interannual co-evolving SST variability in the South Indian and Atlantic Oceans. J Clim. 18:2864-2882
8. Johnston PA, Archer ERM, Vogel CH, Bezuidenhout CN, Tennant WJ, Kuschke R (2004) Review of seasonal forecasting in South Africa: producer to end-user. Clim Res 28:67-82
9. Kalnay E, Kanamitsu M, Kistler R, Collins W and 18 others (1996) The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 77:437-471
10. Kiladis GN, Mo KC (1998) Interannual and intraseasonal variability in the Southern Hemisphere. In: Karoly DJ, Vincent DG (eds) Meteorology of the Southern Hemisphere. Am Meteorol Soc Monogr, Boston, MA, p 307-336
11. Klopper E (1999) The use of seasonal forecasts in South Africa during the 1997/98 rainfall season. Water SA 25(3): 311-316
12. Lindesay JA (1988) South African rainfall, the Southern Oscillation and a Southern Hemisphere semi-annual cycle. J Clim. 8:17-30
13. Matarira CH, Jury MR (1992) Contrasting meteorological structure of intra-seasonal wet and dry spells in Zimbabwe. Int J Climatol 12:165-176
14. Reason CJC (2001) Subtropical Indian Ocean SST dipole events and southern African rainfall. Geophys Res Lett 28: 225-228
15. Reason CJC (2002) Sensitivity of the southern African circulation to dipole SST patterns in the South Indian Ocean. Int J Climatol 22:377-393
16. Reason CJC, Keibel A (2004) Tropical Cyclone Eline and its unusual penetration and impacts over southern Africa. Weather Forecast 19(5):789-805
17. Reason CJC, Allan RJ, Lindesay JA, Ansell TJ (2000) ENSO and climatic signals across the Indian Ocean basin in the global context. Part I. Interannual composite patterns. Int J Climatol 20:1285-1327
18. Reason CJC, Hachigonta S, Phaladi RF (2005) Interannual variability in rainy season characteristics over the Limpopo region of southern Africa. Int J Climatol 25(14): 1835-1853
19. Rouault M, Florenchie P, Fauchereau N, Reason CJC (2003) South East Atlantic warm events and southern African rainfall. Geophys Res Lett 30(5):8009, doi:10.1029/2002 GL014840
20. Saji NH, Goswami BN, Vinayachandran PN, Yamagata T (1999) A dipole mode in the tropical Indian Ocean. Nature 401:360-363
21. Stewart JI (1988) Response farming in rain-fed agriculture. The Wharf Foundation Press, Davis, CA
22. Tadross M, Hewitson BC, Usman MT (2005) The inter-annual variability of the onset of the growing season over southern Africa. J Clim 18(16):3356-3372
23. Usman MT, Reason CJC (2004) Dry spell frequencies and their variability over southern Africa. Clim Res 26:199-211
24. Vogel C, O'Brien K (2003) Climate forecasts in southern Africa. In: O'Brien K, Vogel C (eds) Coping with climate variability: the use of seasonal forecasts in southern Africa. Ashgate, Aldershot, p 75-96
25. Webster PJ, Loschnigg JP, Moore AM, Leben RR (1999) The great Indian Ocean warming of 1997-1998: evidence of coupled oceanic-atmospheric instabilities. Nature 401: 356-360
26. Xie P, Arkin PA (1997) Global precipitation: a 17-year monthly analysis based on gauge observations, satellite estimates and numerical model outputs. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 78:2539-2558.