Epidemiology of pediatric obesity

Pediatric Annals

Volumn 36, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 89-95

  Rosenbaum, Michael ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BODY FAT DISTRIBUTION; BODY MASS; CALORIC RESTRICTION; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; FOOD INTAKE; HERITABILITY; HUMAN; LOW BIRTH WEIGHT; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MORBIDITY; OBESITY; OVERNUTRITION; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; PREVALENCE; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; WEIGHT GAIN;

EID: 33947281628     PISSN: 00904481     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3928/0090-4481-20070201-07     Document Type: Review

References (70)

1. Leibel R, Chua S, Rosenbaum M. Obesity. In: Scriver C, Beaudet A, Sly W, Valle D eds. The Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease. 8th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2001:3965-4028.
2. Wee CC, Phillips RS, Legedza AT, et al. Health care expenditures associated with overweight and obesity among U.S. adults: importance of age and race. Am J Public Health. 2005;95(1):159-165.
3. Minshall ME, Roze S, Palmer AJ, et al. Treating diabetes to accepted standards of care: a 10-year production of the estimated economic and health impact in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in the United States. Clin Ther. 2005;27(6):940-950.
4. Reilly J, Dorosty A, Emmet P, Study TA. Identification of the obese child: adequacy of the body mass index for clinical practice and epidemiology. Int J Obes. 2000;24(12):1623-1627.
5. Expert Panel on the Identification and Treatment of Overweight in Adults. Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: Executive Summary. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998;68(4):899-917.
6. Troiano RP, Flegal KM. Overweight children and adolescents: description, epidemiology, and demographics. Pediatrics. 1998;101(3 Pt 2):497-504.
7. 2) and triceps skinfold thickness. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991;53(4):839-846.
8. Stunkard AJ, Foch TT, Hrubec Z. A twin study of human obesity. JAMA. 1986 256(1):51-54.
9. Rankinen T, Bouchard C. Genetics of food intake and eating behavior phenotypes in humans. Annu Rev Nutr. 2006;26:413-434.
10. Goran M. Metabolic precursors and effects of obesity in children: a decade of progress, 1990-99. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;73(2):158-171.
11. Ford ES, Mokdad AH, Giles WH, Galuska DA, Serdula MK. Geographic variation in the prevalence obesity, diabetes, and obesity-related behaviors. Obes Res. 2005;13(1):118-122.
12. Flegal KM, Troiano P. Changes in the distribution of body mass index of adults and children in the U.S. population. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2000;24(7):807-818.
13. Flegal KM, Ogden CL, Wei R, Kuczmarski RL, Johnson CL. Prevalence of overweight in US children: comparison of U.S. growth charts from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention with other reference values for body mass index. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001;73(6):1086-1093.
14. Lipsy RJ. The National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. J Manag Care Pharm. 2003; 9(1 Suppl):2-5.
15. Cook S, Weitzman M, Auinger P, Nguyen M, Dietz WH. Prevalence of a metabolic syndrome phenotype in adolescents: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2003;157(8):821-827.
16. Serne EH, Stehouwer CD, ter Maaten JC, ter Wee PM, Donker AJ, Gans RO. Birth weight relates to blood pressure and microvascular function in normal subjects. J Hypertens. 2000;18(10):1421-1427.
17. Li C, Johnson MS, Goran MI. Effects of low birth weight on insulin resistance syndrome in caucasian and African-American children. Diabetes Care. 2001;24(12):2035-2042.
18. Owen CG, Whincup PH, Odoki K, Gilg JA, Cook DG. Birth weight and blood cholesterol level: a study in adolescents and systematic review. Pediatrics. 2003;111(5 Pt 1):1081-1089.
19. Godfrey KM, Barker DJ. Fetal nutrition and adult disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;71(5 Suppl):1344S-1352S.
20. Okosun IS, Dever GE, Choi ST. Low birth weight is associated with elevated serum lipoprotein(a) in white and black American children ages 5-11 y. Public Health. 2002;116(1):33-38.
21. Newsome CA, Shiell AW, Fall CH, Phillips DI, Shier R, Law CM. Is birth weight related to later glucose and insulin metabolism? A systematic review. Diabet Med. 2003;20(5):339-348.
22. Eriksson M, Wallander MA, Krakau I, Wedel H, Svardsudd K. Birth weight and cardiovascular risk factors in a cohort followed until 80 years of age: the study of men born in 1913. J Intern Med. 2004;255(6):236-246.
23. Wei J, Sung F, Li C, et al. Low birth weight and high birth weight infants are both at an increased risk to have type 2 diabetes among schoolchildren in Taiwan. Diab Care. 2003;26(2):343-348.
24. Byberg L, McKeigue P, Zethelius B, Lithell H. Birth weight and the insulin resistance syndrome: association of low birth weight with truncal obesity and raised plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 but not with abdominal obesity or plasma lipid disturbances. Diabetolog. 2000;43(1):54-60.
25. Ravelli A, Meulen JV, Michels R, et al. Glucose tolerance in adults after prenatal exposure to famine. Lancet. 1998;351(9097):173-177.
26. Ravelli A, Muellen J, Osmond C, Barker D, Bleker O. Infant feeding and adult glucose tolerance, lipid profile, blood pressure, and obesity. Arch Dis Child. 2000;82(3):248-252.
27. Phillips D, Barker D, Hales C, Hirst S, Osmond C. Thinness at birth and insulin resistance later in life. Diabetologia. 1994;37(2):150-154.
28. Hales C, Barker D, Clark P, et al.Fetal and infant growth and impaired glucose tolerance at age 64. BMJ. 1991;303(6809):1019-1022.
29. Hales C, Barker D. Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: the thrifty phenotype hypothesis. Diabetolog. 1992;35(7):595-601.
30. Bhargava S, Sachdev H, Fall C, et al. Relation of serial changes in childhood body mass index to impaired glucose tolerance in young adulthood. N Eng J Med. 2004;350(9):865-875.
31. Cianfarani S, Germani D, Branca F. Low birth-weight and adult insulin resistance: the "catch-up growth" hypothesis. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 1999;81(1):F71-F73.
32. Frayling T, Hattersley A.The role of genetic susceptibility in the assoication of low birth weight with type 2 diabetes. Br Med Bull. 2001;60:89-101.
33. Neel J. Diabetes mellitus: a "thrifty" genotype rendered detrimental by "progress"? Am J Hum Genet. 1962;14:353-362.
34. Oken E, Huh S, Taveras E, Rich-Edwards J, Gillman M. Associations of maternal prenatal smoking with child adiposity and blood pressure. Obes Res. 2005;13(11):2021-2028.
35. Schaefer-Graf UM, Pawliczak H, Passow D, et al. Birth weight and parental BMI predict overweight in children from mothers with gestational diabetes. Diab Care. 2005;28(7):1745-1750.
36. Boney CM, Verma A, Tucker R, Vohr BR. Metabolic syndrome in childhood: association with birth weight, maternal obesity, and gestational diabetes mellitus. Pediatr. 2005;115(3):e290-296.
37. Plagemann A. Perinatal programming and functional teratogenesis: impact on body weight regulation and obesity. Physiol Behav. 2005;86(5):661-668.
38. Nelson MC, Gorden-Larsen P, Adair LS. Are adolescents who were breast-fed less likely to be overweight? Analyses of sibling pairs to reduce confounding. Epidemiology. 2005;16(2):247-253.
39. Dietz WH. Breastfeeding may help prevent childhood overweight. JAMA. 2001;285(19):2506-2507.
40. Agras WS, Kraemer HC, Berkowitz RI, Hammer LD. Influence of early feeding style on adiposity at 6 years of age. J Pediatr. 1990;116(5):805-809.
41. Wolman PG. Feeding practices in infancy and prevalence of obesity in preschool children. J Am Diet Assoc. 1984;84(4):436-438.
42. Howard B, Horn LV, Hsia J, et al. Low-fat dietary pattern and risk of cardiovascular disease: the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Dietary Modification Trial. JAMA. 2006;295:655-666.
43. Beresford SA, Johnson KC, Ritenbaugh C, et al. Low-fat dietary pattern and risk of colorectal cancer: the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Dietary Modification Trial. JAMA.2006;295(6):643-654.
44. Prentice R, Caan B, Chlebowski R, et al. Low-fat dietary pattern and risk of invasive breast cancer: the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Dietary Modification Trial. JAMA. 2006;295:629-642.
45. Davies P, Gregory J, White A. Physical activity and body fatness in pre-school children. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1995;19(1):6-10.
46. Krespo CJ, Smit E, Troiano RP, et al. Television watching, energy intake, and obesity in US children: results from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2001;155(3):360-365.
47. Borzekowski DL, Robinson TN. The 30-second effect: an experiment revealing the impact of television commercials on food preferences of preschoolers. J Am Diet Assoc. 2001;101(1):42-46.
48. Wei M, Schertner H, Blair S. The association between physical activity, physical fitness, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Compr Ther. 2000;26(3):176-182.
49. Weinstein AR, Sesso HD, Lee IM, et al. Relationship of physical activity vs body mass index with type 2 diabetes in women. JAMA. 2004;292(10):1188-1194.
50. Lemieux S. Genetic susceptibility to visceral obesity and related clinical implications. Int J Obes. 1997;21(10):831-838.
51. Caprio S, Tamborlane WW. Metabolic impact of obesity in childhood. Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am. 1999;28(4):731-747.
52. Gower BA, Nagy TR, Goran MI. Visceral fat, insulin sensitivity, and lipids in prepubertal children. Diabetes. 1999;48(8):1515-1521.
53. Bjomtorp P. Possible mechanisms relating fat distribution and metabolism. In: Bouchard C, Johnston F eds. Fat Distribution During Growth and Later health Outcomes. 1988. New York: Alan R. Liss, Inc.;175-191.
54. Ohlson LO, Larsson B, Bjorntorp P, et al. Risk factors for type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Thirteen and one-half years of follow-up of the participants in a study of Swedish men born in 1913. Diabetologia. 1988;31(11):798-805.
55. Ashley MA, Buckley AJ, Criss AL, et al. Familial, anthropometric and metabolic associations of intramyocellular lipid levels in prepubertal males. Pediatr Res. 2002;51(1):81-86.
56. Freedman DS, Kahn LK, Serdula MK, et al. The relation of childhood BMI to adult adiposity: The Bogalusa heart study. Pediatrics. 2005;115(1):22-27.
57. Whitlock EP, Williams SB, Gold R, Smith PR, Shipman SA. Screening and interventions for childhood overweight: a summary of evidence for the US Preventive Services Task Force. Pediatr. 2005;116(1):e125-e144.
58. Whitaker RC, Wright JA, Pepe MS, Seidel KD, Dietz WH. Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity. N Eng J Med. 1997;37(13):869-873.
59. Treuth MS, Butte NF, Sorkin JD. Predictors of body fat gain in nonobese girls with a familial predisposition to obesity. Amer J Clin Nutr. 2003;78(6):1212-1218.
60. Davison K, Birch L. Child and parent characteristics as predictors of change in girl's body mass index. Int J Obes. 2001;25:1834-1842.
61. Must A, Jacques PF, Dallai GW, Bajema CJ, Dietz WH. Long-term morbidity and mortality of overweight adolescents. N Eng J Med. 1992;327(19):1350-1355.
62. Rosenbaum M, Nonas C, Horlick M, et al. El Camino Diabetes Prevention Group. Beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity in early adolescence: association with body fatness and family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89(11):5469-5476.
63. Webber LS, Srinivasan SR, Wattigney WA, Berenson GS. Tracking of serum lipids and lipoproteins from childhood to adulthood: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1991;133(9):884-899.
64. Field AE, Cook NR, Gillman MW. Weight status in childhood as a predictor of becoming overweight or hypertensive in early adulthood. Obes Res. 2005;13(1):163-169.
65. Weiss R, Caprio S. The metabolic consequences of childhood obesity. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;19(3):405-419.
66. Arslanian S, Suprasongsin C. Insulin sensitivity, lipids, and body composition in childhood: is "syndrome X" present? J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996;81(3):1058-1062.
67. Dablea D, Pettitt D, Jones K, Arslanian S. Type 2 diabetes mellitus in minority children and adolescents. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 1999;28(4):709-729, vii.
68. Morrison J, Barton B, Biro F, et al. Sexual maturation and obesity in 9- and 10-year-old black and white girls: the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study. J Pediatr. 1994;124(6):889-895.
69. Styne D. Childhood and adolescent obesity: prevalence and significance. Pediatr Clin N Amer. 2001;48(4):823-854, vii.
70. Keith S, Redden D, Katzmarzyk P, et al. 2006 Putative contributors to the secular increase in obesity: exploring the roads less traveled. Int J Obes (Lond). 2006;30(11):1585-1594.