Heritage, identity and youth in postcolonial Namibia

Journal of Southern African Studies

Volumn 32, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 719-736

  Fairweather, Ian ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY; CULTURAL HERITAGE; CULTURAL IDENTITY;

AFRICA; NAMIBIA; SOUTHERN AFRICA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA;

EID: 33947271782     PISSN: 03057070     EISSN: 14653893     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/03057070600995566     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (84)

1. The Nakambale Museum in the village of Olukonda was the most important site in which I conducted my fieldwork. I stayed there for a total of 18 months between November 1997 and September 2000 and was able to witness its development from a small-scale attraction, catering mainly for those with an interest in the Lutheran Church, into one of the most important tourist attractions in North-central Namibia.
2. J. Urry, The Tourist Gaze, Leisure and Travel in Contemporary Societies (London, Sage, 1990).
3. Ministry of Environment and Tourism, 'Survey of Tourists' Interests in Visiting Former Owamboland' (December 1997),
4. and Ministry of Environment and Tourism, 'Survey of Tourists' Interests in Visiting Former Owamboland' (August 1998).
5. H. Denker and W. Schalken, Tourism Survey in the Four 'O' Regions (Windhoek, Northern Namibia Environmental Project [NNEP] with Namibia Community-Based Tourism Association [NACOBTA], 1998).
6. Urry, The Tourist Gaze, p. 153.
7. Denker and Schalken, Tourism Survey in the Four 'O' Regions, p. vi.
8. A. Appadurai, Modernity at Large - Cultural Dimensions of Globalization (Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 1996).
9. Ibid., p. 39.
10. I. Fairweather, 'The Role of the Heritage Industry in Reconstructing the Post-apartheid Namibian Subject', in M. Bouquet and N. Porto (eds), Science, Magic and Religion: The Museum as a Ritual Site (Oxford, Berghahn, 2004), pp. 161-81.
11. I. Fairweather, 'We All Speak With One Voice': Heritage and the Production of Locality in Namibia, in U. Kockel and M. Nic Craith (eds), Heritages of Conflict: History, Identity and the Future of Divided Societies (Macmillan, Forthcoming, Spring 2007).
12. I. Fairweather, '"Showing Off" - Nostalgia and Heritage in North-central Namibia', Journal of Southern African Studies (hereafter JSAS), 29, 1 (March 2003), pp. 279-96.
13. Conversation with Denis Nandi, Ondangwa, North Namibia 30 June 1999.
14. Denker and Schalken, Tourism Survey in the Four 'O' Regions, p. 38.
15. In 1998, 1999 and 2001 I interviewed the Ministry of Basic Education and Culture's two cultural officers for the North-central regions about their policies for encouraging the preservation of local culture. I also interviewed the members of the board of directors of Nakambale museum and the curator of the museum. I attended two workshops, organised by the Northern Namibia Environmental Project, intended to raise awareness about the potential for 'cultural tourism' in the regions and spoke to the participants. I also interviewed the leaders of seven local 'cultural groups'.
16. Interview with Elishi Isaac, 16 March 1999.
17. Ibid.
18. Interview with Frans Ihuwa, 2 September 1999.
19. Interview with Kakuya Kembale, 23 April 2002.
20. B. Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, Destination Culture: Tourism, Museums, and Heritage (London and Los Angeles, University of California Press, 1998).
21. R. Handler, Nationalism and the Politics of Culture in Quebec (Madison, University of Wisconsin Press, 1988), p. 11.
22. J. Evans, 'Introduction', in D. Boswell and J. Evans (eds), Representing The Nation: A Reader: Histories, Heritage and Museums (London, Routledge, 1999), p. 6.
23. Handler, Nationalism and the Politics of Culture in Quebec, p. 77.
24. Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, Destination Culture, p. 132.
25. Ibid., p. 149.
26. C. Hamilton, Terrific Majesty: The Powers of Shaka Zulu and the Limits of Historical Invention (Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1998).
27. P. Mufune, 'Youth Problems in Namibia', in D. LeBeau and R. J. Gordon (eds), Rethinking Anthropology in the African Renaissance (Windhoek, University of Namibia Press, 2002), p. 179.
28. J. Comaroff and J.L. Comaroff, 'Occult Economies and the Violence of Abstraction: Notes from the South African Postcolony', American Ethnologist, 26, 20 (June 1999), p. 279.
29. C. Glaser '"We must infiltrate the Tsotsis": School Politics and Youth gangs in Soweto 1968-1976', JSAS, 24, 2 (June 1998), pp. 301-24.
30. Ibid., pp. 309-10.
31. I. Niehaus, 'Towards a Dubious Liberation: Masculinity, Sexuality and Power in South African Lowveld Schools, 1953-1999', JSAS, 26, 3 (September 2000), pp. 387-408.
32. Ibid., p. 391.
33. D. Durham, 'Youth and the Social Imagination in Africa: Introduction to Parts 1 and 2', Anthropological Quarterly, 73, 3 (September 2000), pp. 113-20.
34. D.B. Cruise O'Brien, 'A Lost Generation? Youth Identity and State Decay in West Africa', in R. Werbner and T. Ranger (eds), Postcolonial Identities in Africa (London, Zed books, 1996).
35. J. Wyn and R. White, Rethinking Youth (London, Sage Publications, 1997).
36. M. McKittrick, 'Generational Struggles and Social Mobility in Western Owambo Communities 1915-54', in P. Hayes, J. Silvester, M. Wallace and W. Hartman (eds), Namibia Under South African Rule - Mobility and Containment 1915-46 (London, James Currey, 1998), pp. 241-62.
37. A. Masquelier, 'The Scorpion's Sting: Youth, Marriage and the Struggle for Social Maturity in Niger', The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 11, 1 (March 2005), pp. 59-84.
38. McKittrick, 'Generational Struggles and Social Mobility', pp. 245-56.
39. I. Fairweather 'Missionaries and Colonialism in a Postcolonial Museum', Social Analysis, 48, 1 (2004), pp. 18-32.
40. C.A. Waterman, Juju: A Social History and Ethnography of an African Popular Music (Chicago and London, University of Chicago Press, 1990).
41. Ibid., p. 6.
42. K. Barber 'Views of the Field', in K. Barber (ed.), Readings in African Popular Culture (Oxford; Bloomington, IN, International African Institute in association with Indiana University Press and James Currey, c1997), p. 3.
43. Durham, 'Youth and the Social Imagination in Africa', p. 116.
44. R.P. Werbner, 'Smoke from the Barrel of a Gun: Postwars of the Dead, Memory and Reinscription in Zimbabwe', in R.P. Werbner (ed.), Memory and the Postcolony: African Anthropology and the Critique of Power (London, Zed, 1998), p. 86.
45. Barber, 'Views of the Field', p. 6.
46. Ibid., p. 1.
47. Fairweather, 'The Role of the Heritage Industry';
48. and Fairweather, 'Showing Off - Nostalgia and Heritage in North-central Namibia'.
49. Mufune, 'Youth Problems in Namibia', p. 187.
50. Fairweather, 'Showing Off - Nostalgia and Heritage in North-central Namibia'.
51. Comaroff and Comaroff, 'Occult Economies and the Violence of Abstraction', p. 284.
52. Fairweather, 'The Role of the Heritage Industry'
53. and Fairweather, 'Showing Off - Nostalgia and Heritage in North-central Namibia'.
54. Conversation with Nuusiku Namuhuja, 18 June 1999.
55. D. James, Songs of the Women Migrants. Performance and Identity in South Africa (London, Edinburgh University Press, 1999), p. 186.
56. J.C. Mitchell, The Kalela Dance (Manchester, Manchester University Press, 1968).
57. James, Songs of the Women Migrants, p. 187.
58. Comaroff and Comaroff, 'Occult Economies and the Violence of Abstraction', p. 279.
59. Conversation with Henok Kankoshi, 19 June 1999.
60. Werbner, 'Postcolonial Subjectivities: The Personal, the Political and the Moral', p. 2.
61. Barber, 'Views of the Field', p. 6.
62. N. Dolby, 'Youth and the Global Popular. The Politics and Practices of Race in South Africa', European Journal of Cultural Studies, 2, 3 (September 1999), p. 292.
63. Masquelier, 'The Scorpion's Sting', p. 63.
64. J. Friedman, 'Consuming Desires: Strategies of Selfhood and Appropriation', Cultural Anthropology, 6, 2 (July 1991), pp. 154-63.
65. J. Ferguson, Expectations of Modernity, Myths and Meanings of Urban Life on the Zambian Copperbelt (London, University of California Press, 1999), p. 227.
66. Mufune, 'Youth Problems in Namibia', p. 177.
67. Ferguson, Expectations of Modernity, p. 227
68. Mufune, 'Youth Problems in Namibia', p. 177.
69. Friedman, 'Being in the World: Globalization and Localization', p. 318.
70. Behrend, 'I am like a Movie Star in My Street', p. 60.
71. Ibid., p. 53.
72. Friedman, 'Being in the World: Globalization and Localization'.
73. R. Werbner, 'Postcolonial Subjectivities: The Personal, the Political and the Moral', in R. Werbner (ed.), Postcolonial Subjectivities in Africa (London, Zed, 2002), p. 2.
74. Friedman, 'Being in the World: Globalization and Localization', p. 320.
75. Ibid., p. 321.
76. Ibid., p. 324.
77. Barber, 'Views of the Field', p. 6.
78. Durham, 'Youth and the Social Imagination in Africa', p. 118.
79. Conversation with Ben Shikasho, 16 April 2002.
80. Conversation with Magadalene Kanaante, 25 April 2002.
81. Conversation with Scilla Abed, 24 April 2002.
82. Interview with Tupandaleni, 17 April 2002.
83. Interview with Tupandaleni, 17 April 2002.
84. Ibid.