Derived lives, received opinions: Parodic plagiarism in Sterne and Hoffmann

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Volumn 35-36, Issue , 2002, Pages 66-76

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References (41)

1. LAWRENCE MARSDEN PRICE, English Literature in Germany (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1953), p. 193
2. LAURENCE STERNE, Yoricks empfindsame Reise durch Frankreich und Italien, trans. Johann Joachim Christoph Bode, 2 vols (Hamburg and Bremen: Cramer, 1768)
3. The key term, "empfindsam", was suggested to Bode by his friend Gotthold Ephraim Lessing: see BODE, "Der Übersetzer an den Leser", in Sterne, Yoricks empfindsame Reise durch Frankreich und Italien, nebst einer Fortsetzung von Freundeshand, trans. Bode (Nördlingen: Greno, 1986), pp. 5-19 (p. 6f.)
4. For a comprehensive overview, see DUNCAN LARGE, "'Sterne-Bilder': Sterne in the German-Speaking World", in The Reception of Laurence Sterne in Europe, ed. Peter de Voogd and John Neubauer (London and New York: Continuum, 2004), pp. 68-84 288-96 (especially pp. 72-4)
5. See HARVEY WATERMAN THAYER, Laurence Sterne in Germany: A Contribution to the Study of the Literary Relations of England and Germany in the Eighteenth Century (New York: Columbia University Press, 1905; repr. New York: AMS Press, 1966)
6. PETER MICHELSEN, Laurence Sterne und der deutsche Roman des achtzehnten Jahrhunderts (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1962; 2nd rev. edn 1972)
7. BERNHARD FABIAN, "Tristram Shandy and Parson Yorick Among Some German Greats", in The Winged Skull: Papers from the Laurence Sterne Bicentenary Conference, ed. Arthur H. Cash and John M. Stedmond (London: Methuen; Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1971), pp. 194-209
8. Sterne: The Critical Heritage, ed. Alan B. Howes (London and Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1974)
9. Over forty years after his study of German Sterne reception, Thayer published a biography of Hoffmann in which, surprisingly, Sterne is mentioned only a handful of times, and in passing. See HARVEY W. HEWETT-THAYER, Hoffmann: Author of the Tales (Princeton University Press, 1948)
10. See GERTRUDE JOYCE HALLAMORE, Das Bild Laurence Sternes in Deutschland von der Aufklärung bis zur Romantik (Berlin: Ebering, 1936; repr. Nendeln/Liechtenstein: Kraus, 1967), p. 73 n. 149
11. ALAIN MONTANDON, La réception de Laurence Sterne en Allemagne (Clermont-Ferrand: Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines de l'Université de Clermont-Ferrand II, 1985), pp. 320-4 ("E. T. A. Hoffmann et la digression musicale")
12. STEVEN PAUL SCHER, "Hoffmann and Sterne: Unmediated Parallels in Narrative Method", Comparative Literature, 28 (1976), pp. 309-25
13. also published in German as "Kater Murr und Tristram Shandy: Erzähltechnische Affinitäten bei Hoffmann und Sterne", Zeitschrift für deutsche Philologie, 95 (1976), pp. 24-42
14. Scher's study is deferred to by, among others, WOLFGANG NEHRING and WULF SEGEBRECHT: see, respectively, "Lebensansichten des Katers Murr", in Brigitte Feldges and Ulrich Stadler, E. T. A. Hoffmann. Epoche - Werk - Wirkung (München: Beck, 1986), pp. 216-40 (p. 223)
15. and "Hoffmann und die englische Literatur", in Segebrecht, Heterogenität und Integration. Studien zu Leben, Werk und Wirkung E. T. A. Hoffmanns (Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 1996), pp. 183-201 (p. 188f.)
16. SCHER, "Hoffmann and Sterne", p. 310
17. HOWARD GASKILL, "Open Circles: Hoffmann's Kater Murr and Hölderlin's Hyperion", Colloquia Germanica, 19 (1986), pp. 21-46
18. ALAN B. HOWES, Yorick and the Critics: Sterne's Reputation in England, 1760-1868 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1958), p. 1
19. JOHN FERRIAR, "Comments on Sterne", Memoirs of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester, 4 (1793), pp 45-86 (first given as a lecture in January 1791)
20. FERRIAR, Illustrations of Sterne: with Other Essays and Verses (London: Cadell and Davies, 1798; facsimile reprint New York and London: Garland, 1974), chapter 3 (pp. 55-99), especially pp. 68, 90, 94
21. On the hardening of Ferriar's line between 1793 and 1798, see HOWES, Yorick and the Critics, pp. 84-6
22. and H. J. JACKSON, "Sterne, Burton, and Ferriar: Allusions to the Anatomy of Melancholy in Volumes Five to Nine of Tristram Shandy", Philological Quarterly, 54 (1975), pp. 457-70 (especially p. 466f.)
23. See PERCY FITZGERALD, The Life of Laurence Sterne, 2 vols (London: Chapman & Hall, 1864), Vol. 2, pp. 417-30 ("The Shandy Plagiarisms")
24. STERNE, The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, ed. Melvyn New and Joan New, 9 vols in 3 (Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1978-84) Vol. 5, p. 408
25. FERRIAR, Illustrations of Sterne, p. 66f
26. More recent discussions have (thankfully) been a great deal more illuminating than this, and have emphasized in particular Sterne's ironic transformation of his source materials. See HENRI FLUCHÈRE, Laurence Sterne: From Tristram to Yorick. An Interpretation of "Tristram Shandy", trans. Barbara Bray (London: Oxford University Press, 1965 [f.p. 1961]), pp. 166-74
27. HERMAN MEYER, Das Zitat in der Erzählkunst. Zur Geschichte und Poetik des europäischen Romans (Stuttgart: Metzler, 1961), pp. 77-86
28. JOHN M. STEDMOND, The Comic Art of Laurence Sterne: Convention and Innovation in "Tristram Shandy" and "A Sentimental Journey" (University of Toronto Press, 1967), pp. 166-71 ("Appendix: Plagiarism and Originality"); and JACKSON
29. See SUSAN EILENBERG, Strange Power of Speech: Wordsworth, Coleridge, and Literary Possession (Oxford University Press, 1992)
30. For the many different English translations of the Grimms' title, see KAREN SEAGO'S essay "What's in a Title?", in this volume
31. See RUDOLF KÖPKE, Ludwig Tieck. Erinnerungen aus dem Leben des Dichters nach dessen mündlichen und schriftlichen Mittheilungen, 2 vols (Leipzig: Brockhaus, 1855), Vol. 1, p. 264f
32. For a more detailed overview of German writers' concerns with questions of originality and plagiarism in this period, see DUNCAN LARGE, "Frets about Plagiary: Changing Attitudes to Plagiarism in Late Eighteenth- and Early Nineteenth-Century German Literature", Publications of the English Goethe Society, 73 (2004)
33. On Hoffmann and Lewis, see WILHELM HORN, "Über das Komische im Schauerroman. E. T. A. Hoffmanns 'Elixiere des Teufels' und ihre Beziehungen zur englischen Literatur", Archiv für das Studium der neueren Sprachen und Literaturen, 78 (1923), pp. 153-63
34. HERBERT KOZIOL, "E. T. A. Hoffmanns 'Die Elixiere des Teufels' und M. G. Lewis' 'The Monk'", Germanisch-Romanische Monatsschrift, 26 (1938), pp. 167-70
35. JOHN RICHARD WENDEL, "E. T. A. Hoffmann's 'Die Elixiere des Teufels' and its Dependence on Matthew G. Lewis' 'The Monk'", unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Connecticut, 1966
36. CHRISTIANE ZEHL ROMERO, "M. G. Lewis' The Monk and E. T. A. Hoffmann's Die Elixiere des Teufels - Two Versions of the Gothic", Neophilologus, 63:3 (1979), pp. 574-82
37. and ALAIN FAURE, "Du simple au double: Du Moine de M. G. Lewis aux Élixirs du diable d' E. T. A. Hoffmann", Europe, 659 (1984), pp. 54-62
38. Hoffmann's novel is in turn raided by CHRISTA WOLF for her satirical story "Neue Lebensansichten eines Katers" ("New Life and Opinions of a Tomcat", 1970)
39. For good measure, this also reinforces the "waste paper" motif of Hoffmann's novel, since in Sterne the fragmentary story is translated by Yorick from a passage in "the old French of Rabelais's time", which he deciphers on the waste paper in which is wrapped his pat of butter. See STERNE, A Sentimental Journey through France and Italy By Mr. Yorick, with The Journal to Eliza and A Political Romance, ed. Ian Jack (Oxford University Press, 1968), p. 101f
40. HOFFMANN, The Life and Opinions of the Tomcat Murr, together with a Fragmentary Biography of Kapellmeister Johannes Kreisler on Random Sheets of Waste Paper, edited by E. T. A. Hoffmann, trans. Anthea Bell, ed. Jeremy Adler (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1999), p. 9. Hereafter TM
41. See SARAH KOFMAN, Autobiogriffures: Du chat Murr d'Hoffmann, 2nd edn (Paris: Galilée, 1984)