Interference between units in randomized experiments

Journal of the American Statistical Association

Volumn 102, Issue 477, 2007, Pages 191-200

  Rosenbaum, Paul R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Attributable effect; Causal effect; Interference; Randomized experiment; SUTVA

Indexed keywords

EID: 33947225305     PISSN: 01621459     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1198/016214506000001112     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Alam, M., Dover, J. S., and Arndt, K. A. (2002), "Pain Associated With Injection of Botulinum A Exotoxin Reconstituted Using Isotonic Sodium Chloride With and Without Preservative," Archives of Dermatology, 138, 510-514.
2. Chakraborti, S., and van der Laan, P. (1996), "Precedence Tests and Confidence Bounds for Complete Data: An Overview and Some Results," The Statistician, 45, 351-369.
3. Cleveland, W. S., and Devlin. S. J. (1988), "Locally Weighted Regression." Journal of the American Statistical Association. 83, 596-610.
4. Cochran, W. G. (1937), "A Catalogue of Uniformity Trial Data," Supplement to the Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 4, 233-253.
5. Cox. D. R. (1958a), Planning of Experiments, New York: Wiley.
6. - (1958b), "The Interpretation of the Effects of Nonadditivity in the Latin Square." Biometrika, 45, 69-73.
7. Cox. D. R., and Reid, N. (2000). Theory of the Design of Experiments. NewYork: Chapman & Hall/CRC.
8. David, O., and Kempton, R. A. (1996), "Designs for Interference." Biometrics, 52, 597-606.
9. Edgington. E. S. (1987), "Randomized Single-Subject Experiments and Statistical Tests," Journal of Counseling Psychology, 34, 437-442.
10. _ (1996), "Randomized Single-Subject Experimental Designs." Behaviour Research and Therapy. 34, 567-574.
11. Feller, W. (1968), Introduction to Probability and Its Applications. Vol. I, New York: Wiley.
12. Figueroa, M., Schocket, L. S., Dupont, J., Metelitsina, T. I., and Grunwald, J. E. (2004). "Effect of Laser Treatment for Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration on Foveolar Choroidal Haemodynamics." British Journal of Opthalmology, 88, 792-795.
13. Fisher, R. A. (1935). The Design of Experiments, Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd.
14. Fligner, M. A., and Wolfe, D. A. (1976), "Some Applications of Sample Analogues to the Probability Integral Transformation and a Coverage Property," The American Statistician, 30, 78-85.
15. Gart, J. J. (1963). "A Median Test With Sequential Application," Biometrika. 50, 55-62.
16. Gastwirth, J. L. (1968). "The First-Median Test: A Two-Sided Version of the Control Median Test," Journal of the American Statistical Association, 63, 692-706.
17. Gastwirth, J. L., and Rubin, H. (1971), "Effect of Dependence on the Level of Some One-Sample Tests," Journal of the American Statistical Association, 66, 816-820.
18. Gastwirth, J. L., and Wang, J.-L. (1987), "Nonparametric Tests in Small Unbalanced Samples," Canadian Journal of Statistics, 15, 339-348.
19. Grizzle, J. E. (1965), "Two-Period Change-Over Design and Its Use in Clinical Trials," Biometrics, 21, 467-480.
20. Hollander, M., Pledger, G., and Lin, P.-E. (1974). "Robustness of the Wilcoxon Test to a Certain Dependency Between Samples." The Annals of Statistics, 2, 177-181.
21. Jones, S. R. G. (1992), "Was There a Hawthorne Effect'.'" American Journal of Sociology, 98, 451-468
22. Kershner, R., and Federer, W. (1981), "Two-Treatment Crossover Designs for Estimating a Variety of Effects," Journal of the American Statistical Association, 76, 612-619.
23. Lehmann, E. L. (1998), Nonparametrics : Statistical Methods Based on Ranks (rev. ed.), Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
24. Linday, L. A., Tsiouris, J. A., Cohen, I. L., Shindledecker. R., and DeCresce, R. (2001), "Famotidine Treatment of Children With Autistic Spectrum Disorders," Journal of Neural Transmission, 108, 593-611.
25. Mathisen, H. C. (1943), "A Method of Testing the Hypothesis That Two Samples Are From the Same Population," The Annals of Mathematical Statistics. 14, 188-194.
26. McLeod, R. S., Taylor, D. W., Cohen. Z., and Cullen, J. B. (1986). "SinglePatient Randomized Clinical Trial: Use in Determining Optimum Treatment for Patient With Inflammation of Kock Continent lleostomy Reservoir." Lancet, 1, 726-728.
27. Neyman, J. (1923), "On the Application of Probability Theory to Agricultural Experiments: Essay on Principles, Section 9," Roczniki Nauk Roiniczych, torn X, 1-51 [in Polish];
28. reprinted in English with discussion in Statistical Science, 5, 463-480.
29. Nichols, T. E., and Holmes, A. P. (2001), "Nonparametric Permutation Tests for Functional Neuroimaging: A Primer With Examples," Human Brain Mapping, 15, 1-25.
30. Olson, I. R., Gatenby, J. C., and Grove, J. C. (2002), "A Comparison of Bound and Unbound Audio-Visual Information Processing in the Human Cerebral Cortex," Cognitive Brain Research, 14, 129-138.
31. Randies, R. H., and Wolfe, D. A. (1979), Introduction to the Theory of Nonparametric Statistics, New York: Wiley.
32. Raz, J. (1990), "Testing for no Effect When Estimating a Smooth Function by Nonparametric Regression: A Randomization Approach," Journal of the American Statistical Association, 85, 132-138.
33. Rosenbaum, P. R. (2001), "Effects Attributable to Treatment: Inference in Experiments and Observational Studies With a Discrete Pivot," Biometrika. 88, 219-231.
34. _ (2002a), Observational Studies, New York: Springer-Verlag.
35. _ (2002b), "Covariance Adjustment in Randomized Experiments and Observational Studies" (with discussion), Statistical Science, 17, 286-327.
36. Rosenthal, R., and Jacobson, L. (1968), Pygmalion in the Classroom: Teacher Expectation and Pupils' Intellectual Development, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
37. Rubin, D. B. (1974), "Estimating Causal Effects of Treatments in Randomized and Nonrandomized Studies," Journal of Educational Psvchology, 66, 688-701.
38. _ (1986), "Which Ifs Have Causal Answers?" Journal of the American Statistical Association, 81, 961-962.
39. _ (1990), "Comment: Neyman (1923) and Causal Inference in Experiments and Observational Studies," Statistical Science, 5, 472-480.
40. Weiss, B., Williams, J. H., Abrams, B., Caan, B., Citron, L. J., Cox, C., McKibben, J., Ogar, D., and Schultz, S. (1980), "Behavioral Responses to Artificial Food Colors," Science, 207, 1487-1489.
41. Weiss, L. (1955), "A Note on Confidence Sets for Random Variables," The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 26, 142-144.
42. Welch, B. L. (1937), "On the z-Test in Randomized Blocks and Latin Squares," Biometrika, 29, 21-52.
43. Wilk, M. B. (1955). "The Randomization Analysis of a Generalized Randomized Block Design," Biometrika, 42, 70-79.
44. Wilks, S. S. (1962), Mathematical Statistics, New York: Wiley.
45. Wolfe, D. A., and Hogg, R. V. (1971), "On Constructing Statistics and Reporting Data," The American Statistician, 25, 27-30.