Parent material and chemical weathering in alpine soils on Mt. Mansfield, Vermont, USA

Catena

Volumn 70, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 39-48

  Munroe, Jeffrey S ^a   Farrugia, Gianina ^a   Ryan, Peter C ^a  

^a MIDDLEBURY COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

Alpine soils; Chemical weathering; Pedogenesis; Trace elements; Vermont

Indexed keywords

ALPINE ENVIRONMENT; BEDROCK; CHEMICAL WEATHERING; COMPARATIVE STUDY; EOLIAN DEPOSIT; EOLIAN PROCESS; LAURENTIDE ICE SHEET; LEACHING; ORGANIC MATTER; PARENT MATERIAL; PEDOGENESIS; PLEISTOCENE; RARE EARTH ELEMENT; TRACE ELEMENT;

APPALACHIANS; GREEN MOUNTAINS; MOUNT MANSFIELD; NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES; VERMONT;

EID: 33947177056     PISSN: 03418162     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2006.07.003     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Allen C.E., Darmody R.G., Thorn C.E., Dixon J.C., and Schlyter P. Clay mineralogy, chemical weathering, and landscape evolution in Arctic-Alpine Sweden. Geoderma 99 (2001) 277-294
2. Antevs E. Alpine Zone of Mt. Washington Range (1932), Merrill and Webber, Auburn, Maine 118 pp.
3. April R.E., and Newton R.M. Mineralogy and chemistry of some Adirondack Spodisols. Soil Science 135 (1983) 301-307
4. ASRC (Atmospheric Sciences Research Center), 2006. [http://www.asrc.cestm.albany.edu/research/whiteface.htm] accessed June, 2006.
5. Bazilchuk N., and Strimbeck R. Longstreet Highroad Guide to the Vermont Mountains (1999), Longstreet, Atlanta 338 pp.
6. Birkeland P.W. Soils and Geomorphology (1999), Oxford University Press, New York 430 pp.
7. Birkeland P.W., Shroba R.R., Burns S.F., Price A.B., and Tonkin P.J. Integrating soils and geomorphology in mountains-and example from the Front Range of Colorado. Geomorphology 55 (2003) 329-344
8. Bliss L.C. Alpine Zone of the Presidential Range (1963) Urbana, Illinois, 68 pp.
9. Bliss L.C., and Woodwell G.M. An alpine Podzol on Mount Katahdin, Maine. Soil Science 100 (1965) 274-279
10. Bockheim, J.G., 1968. Vegetational transition and soil morphogenesis on Saddleback Mountain, western Maine. M.S. thesis, University of Maine, Orono, 165 pp.
11. Bockheim J.G., and Struchtemeyer R.A. Alpine soils on Saddleback Mountain, Maine. Maine Agricultural Experimental Research Station, Technical Bulletin 35 (1969) 16 pp
12. Bockheim J.G., Munroe J.S., Douglass D.C., and Koerner D. Soil development along an elevational gradient in the southeastern Uinta Mountains, Utah, USA. Catena 39 (2000) 169-185
13. Boulton G.S. On the origin and transport of englacial debris in Svalbard glaciers. Journal of Glaciology 9 (1970) 213-229
14. Bowley, D.R., 1970. Characterization and comparison of two alpine bogs (Mt. Mansfield, Vermont). M.S. thesis, Boston University, 88 pp.
15. Bowley, D.R., 1978. Contributions to the flora of Mt. Mansfield and Smuggler's Notch, Vermont: The lichens. Ph.D. thesis, Boston University, 276 pp.
16. Brumback W.E., Weihrauch D.M., and Kimball K.D. Propagation and transplanting of an endangered alpine species, Robbins' cinquefoil, Potentilla robbinsiana (Rosaceae). Native Plants Journal 5 1 (2004) 91-97
17. Caine N., and Thurman E.M. Temporal and spatial variations in the solute content of an alpine stream, Colorado Front Range. Geomorphology 4 (1990) 55-72
18. Chittleborough D.J. Indices of weathering for soils and paleosols formed on silicate rocks. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 38 (1991) 115-120
19. Christman R.A. Geology of the Mount Mansfield Quadrangle Vermont. Bulletin No. 12 of the Vermont Geological Survey (1959) 75 pp.
20. Church M., and Ryder J.M. Paraglacial sedimentation; a consideration of fluvial processes conditioned by glaciation. Geological Society of America Bulletin 83 10 (1972) 3059-3072
21. Cogbill C.V. The interplay of botanists and Potentilla robbinsiana: discovery, systematics, collection, and stewardship of a rare species. Rhodora 95 (1993) 52-75
22. Dahms D.E. Mineralogical evidence for eolian contribution to soils of late Quaternary moraines, Wind River Mountains, Wyoming, USA. Geoderma 59 (1993) 175-196
23. Dahms D.E., and Rawlins C.L. A two-year record of eolian sedimentation in the Wind River Range, Wyoming, U.S.A. Arctic and Alpine Research 28 (1996) 210-216
24. Darmody R.G., Thorn C.E., Dixon J.C., and Schlyter P. Soils and landscapes of Kärkevagge, Swedish Lapland. Soil Science Society of America Journal 64 (2000) 1455-1466
25. Darmody R.G., Thorn C.E., and Allen C.E. Chemical weathering and boulder mantles, Kärkevagge, Swedish Lapland. Geomorphology 67 (2005) 159-170
26. Davis P.T. Cirques of the Presidential Range, New Hampshire, and surrounding alpine areas in the northeastern United States. Géographie Physique et Quaternaire 53 1 (1999) 25-45
27. Dixon J.C., and Thorn C.E. Chemical weathering and landscape development in mid-latitude alpine environments. Geomorphology 67 (2005) 127-145
28. Dixon J.C., Thorn C.E., Darmody R.G., and Campbell S.W. Weathering rinds and rock coatings from an Arctic alpine environment, northern Scandinavia. Geological Society of America Bulletin 114 2 (2002) 226-238
29. Dixon J.C., Thorn C.E., and Darmody R.G. Measuring the extent of chemical weathering in subarctic alpine environments: implications for future research. Polar Geography 28 1 (2004) 63-75
30. Goldthwait R.P., and Mickelson D.M. Glacier Bay: a model for the deglaciation of the White Mountains in New Hampshire. In: Larson G.J., and Stone B.D. (Eds). Late Wisconsinan Glaciation of New England (1982), Kendall/Hunt, Dubuque 167-181
31. Hall K., Thorn C.E., Matsuoka N., and Prick A. Weathering in cold regions: some thoughts and perspectives. Progress in Physical Geography 26 (2002) 577-603
32. Harnois L. The CIW Index: a new chemical index for weathering. Sedimentary Geology 55 (1988) 319-322
33. Harries, H., 1965. Soils and vegetation in the alpine and the subalpine belt of the Presidential Range. Ph.D. thesis, Rutgers University, New Jersey, 542 pp.
34. Hillier S. Use of an airbrush to spray dry samples for X-ray powder diffraction. Clay Minerals 34 (1999) 127-135
35. Kabata-Pendias A., and Pendias H. Trace Elements in Soils and Plant (1984), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida 315 pp.
36. Ketchledge E.H., and Fitzgerald B.T. The Adirondack summit flora. Adirondac 26 (1993) 27
37. Ketchledge E.H., Leonard R.E., Richard N.A., Craul P.F., and Eschner A.R. Rehabilitation of alpine vegetation in the Adirondack Mountains of New York State. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Report NE-553 (1985) 6 pp.
38. Kimball K.D., and Weihrauch D.M. Alpine vegetation communities and the alpine-treeline ecotone boundary in New England as biomonitors is for climate change. In: McCool S.F., Cole D.N., Borrie W.T., and O'Loughlin J. (Eds). Wilderness Science in a Time of Change Conference-Volume 3: Wilderness as a Place for Scientific Inquiry (2000), U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station 93-101
39. Liator M.I. The influence of eolian dust on the genesis of alpine soils in the Front Range, Colorado. Soil Science Society of America Journal 51 (1987) 142-147
40. Miller N.G., and Spear R.W. Late-Quaternary history of the alpine flora of the New Hampshire White Mountains. Géographie Physique et Quaternaire 53 1 (1999) 137-157
41. Muhs D.R., and Benedict J.B. Eolian additions to Late Quaternary alpine soils, Indian Peaks Wilderness Area, Colorado Front Range. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 38 1 (2006) 120-130
42. MWO (Mount Washington Weather Observatory), 2006. [http://www.mountwashington.org/] accessed June, 2006.
43. Nakamura N. Determination of REE, Ba, Fe, Mg, Na and K in carbonaceous and ordinary chondrites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 38 (1974) 757-775
44. Parker A. An index of weathering for silicate rocks. Geological Magazine 107 (1970) 501-504
45. Paterson W.S.B. The Physics of Glaciers (1994), Pergamon, Oxford 480 pp.
46. Pease A.S. Vascular flora of Coos County, New Hampshire. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 37 (1924) 339-388
47. Rapp A. Recent development of mountain slopes in Kärkevagge and surroundings, northern Scandinavia. Geografiska Annaler 42 2-3 (1960) 65-200
48. Rayburn J.A., Knuepfer P.L.K., and Franzi D.A. A series of large, Late Wisconsinan meltwater floods through the Champlain and Hudson Valleys, New York State, USA. Quaternary Science Reviews 24 22 (2005) 2410-2419
49. Reiche P. Graphical representation of chemical weathering. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 13 (1943) 58-68
50. Ruxton B.P. Measures of the degree of chemical weathering of rocks. Journal of Geology 76 (1968) 518-527
51. Ryder J.M. The stratigraphy and morphology of para-glacial alluvial fans in south-central British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 8 (1971) 279-298
52. Ryerson C.C. Atmospheric icing rates with elevation on northern New England mountains, U.S.A. Arctic and Alpine Research 22 1 (1990) 90-97
53. Scudder S.H. Map in colors showing limits of alpine and subalpine districts in the White Mountains. Psyche 1 (1874) 7
54. Soil Survey Staff. Keys to Soil Taxonomy. 9th edition (2003), U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Washington, DC 331 pp.
55. Środoń J., Drits V.A., McCarty D.K., Hsieh J.C.C., and Eberl D.D. Quantitative X-ray diffraction of clay-bearing rocks from random preparations. Clays and Clay Minerals 49 (2001) 514-528
56. Stier M., and McAdow R. Into the Mountains: Stories of New England's Most Celebrated Peaks (1995), Appalachian Mountain Club Press, Boston, Massachusetts 350 pp.
57. Thompson W.B. History of research on glaciation in the White Mountains, New Hampshire. Géographie Physique et Quaternaire 53 1 (1999) 7-24
58. Thompson W.B., Fowler B.K., and Dorion C.C. Deglaciation of the northwestern White Mountains, New Hampshire. Géographie Physique et Quaternaire 53 1 (1999) 59-77
59. Waterman L., and Waterman G. Forest and Crag: a History of Hiking, Trail Blazing, and Adventure in the Northeast Mountains (1989), Appalachian Mountain Club, Boston 888 pp.
60. Witty, J.E., 1968. Classification and distribution of soils on Whiteface Mountain, Essen County, New York. Ph.D. thesis, Cornell University, New York, 291 pp.
61. Witty J.E., and Arnold. Some Folists on Whiteface Mountain, New York. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings 34 (1970) 653-657
62. Wright, W.A., 2006. Mount Mansfield Summit Meteorological Data. Available on-line [http://sal.snr.uvm.edu/vmc/air/summary.php?id=117] and [http://www.uvm.edu/skivt-l/?Page=mansel.php3] from Vermont Monitoring Cooperative, University of Vermont, Burlington VT, U.S.A. Accessed February, 2006.
63. Zwinger A.H., and Willard B.E. Land above the Trees: a Guide to American Alpine Tundra (1972), Harper & Row, New York 489 pp.