The children of mama coca: Coca, cocaine and the fate of harm reduction in South America

International Journal of Drug Policy

Volumn 18, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 99-106

  Bastos, Francisco I ^a   Caiaffa, Waleska ^b   Rossi, Diana ^c   Vila, Marcelo ^c   Malta, Monica ^a  

^a INSTITUTO OSWALDO CRUZ   (Brazil)

^b FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF MINAS GERAIS   (Brazil)

^c Intercambios Asociacion Civil   (Argentina)

Author keywords

Coca; Cocaine; Drug policy; Harm reduction; South America; War on drugs

Indexed keywords

COCAINE; ILLICIT DRUG;

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ARGENTINA; ARTICLE; BRAZIL; COCAINE DEPENDENCE; HARM REDUCTION; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HEPATITIS C; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE; SOUTH AMERICA;

EID: 33947138885     PISSN: 09553959     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2006.11.017     Document Type: Note

References (37)

1. Aceijas C., Oppenheimer E., Stimson G.V., Ashcroft R.E., Matic S., and Hickman M. Antiretroviral treatment for injecting drug users in developing and transitional countries 1 year before the end of the "treating 3 million by 2005. Making it happen. The WHO strategy" ("3 by 5"). Addiction 101 9 (2006) 1246-1253
2. Agência Brasil/Radiobrás. (2006). Lula sanciona nova lei sobre drogas. Available at: http://www.agenciabrasil.gov.br/noticias/2006/08/23/materia.2006-08-23.0476323709/view. Accessed on October 1, 2006.
3. Almeida S., and Silva M. Characteristics of ecstasy users in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Subst. Use Misuse 40 3 (2005) 395-404
4. Anon. (2006). Series of reports on the violence in São Paulo (Brazil's Congress Extraordinary Hearings). Available at: http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/guerraurbana/interna/0,OI1135699-EI7061,00.html. Accessed on October 1, 2006.
5. Argañarás F.G. Harm reduction at the supply side of the drug war: The case of Bolivia. In: Erickson P.G., Riley D.M., Cheung Y.W., and O'Hare P.A. (Eds). Harm reduction: A new direction for drug policies and programs (1997), University of Toronto Press, Toronto/Buffalo/London
6. Argentina Ministry of Health and Environment, National AIDS Program. (2006). Boletín sobre VIH/SIDA en la Argentina, No. 24, September 2005. Available at: http://www.msal.gov.ar/htm/site/sida/site/pdf/. Accessed on October 1, 2006.
7. Bastos F.I. Cocaína: Uma carreira na história. In: Gonçalves O.D., and Bastos F.I. (Eds). Cocaine: A historical perspective. Só Socialmente ... (1992), Relume-Dumará, Rio de Janeiro
8. Caiaffa W.T., Osimani M.L., Marinez L.P., Radulich G., Latorre L., Muzzion E., et al. HIV and hepatitis C virus among self declared non-injecting cocaine users (NICUs) in two countries in South America. XVI international AIDS conference, Vol. 1 (CD-ROM). Toronto (2006) 0401
9. Cardoso M.N., et al. AIDS incidence and mortality in injecting drug users: The AjUDE-Brasil II project. Cad Saúde Pública 22 4 (2006) 827-838
10. Cintra A.M., et al. Characteristics of male and female injecting drug users of the AjUDE-Brasil II project. Cad Saúde Pública 22 4 (2006) 791-802
11. Diamond J. Collapse. How societies choose to fail or survive (2005), Penguin Books, London
12. Ferreira A.D., et al. Profile of male Brazilian injecting drug users who have sex with men. Cad Saúde Pública 22 4 (2006) 849-860
13. Fonseca E.M., Ribeiro J.M., Bertoni N., and Bastos F.I. Syringe exchange programs in Brazil: Preliminary assessment of 45 programs. Cad Saúde Pública 22 4 (2006) 761-770
14. Hacker M.A., Malta M., Enriquez M., and Bastos F.I. Human immunodeficiency virus, AIDS, and drug consumption in South America and the Caribbean: Epidemiological evidence and initiatives to curb the epidemic. Rev. Panam. Salud Publica 18 4-5 (2005) 303-313
15. Howe C.J., Fuller C.M., Ompad D.C., Galea S., Klobin B., Thomas D., et al. Association of sex, hygiene and drug sharing with hepatitis C virus infection among non-injecting drug users in New York City. Drug Alcohol Depend. 79 3 (2005) 389-395
16. Inchaurraga S. Drug use, harm reduction, and health policies in Argentina: Obstacles and new perspectives. Clin. Infect. Dis. 37 Suppl. 5 (2003) S366-S371
17. Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission (CICA/OAS). (2006). Available at: http://www.cicad.oas.org/en/default.asp. Accessed on October 1, 2006.
18. Intercambios. (2006). Available at: http://www.intercambios.org.ar. Accessed on October 1, 2006.
19. Ortiz Rebolledo N., and Costa M.C. Meanings and contradictions of the drugs phenomenon: Legal and illegal drugs in Chile. Rev. Lat. Am. Enfermagem 13 (2005) 903-911 [Special issue]
20. Osimani M.L. The challenge of implementation of preventive programs in a developing country: Experiences, situations, and perspectives in Uruguay. Clin. Infect. Dis. 37 Suppl. 5 (2003) S422-S426
21. Paiva V., Ayres J.R., Buchalla C.M., and Hearst N. Building partnerships to respond to HIV/AIDS: Non-governmental organizations and universities. AIDS 16 Suppl. 3 (2002) S76-S82
22. Pechansky F., Woody G., Inciardi J., Surratt H., Kessler F., Von Diemen L., et al. HIV seroprevalence among drug users: An analysis of selected variables based on 10 years of data collection in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Drug Alcohol Depend. 82 Suppl. 1 (2006) S109-S113
23. Razzouk D., Bordin I.A., and Jorge M.R. Comorbidity and global functioning (DSM-III-R Axis V) in a Brazilian sample of cocaine users. Subst. Use Misuse 35 9 (2000) 1307-1315
24. RELARD. (2006). Available from http://www.relard.net/. Accessed on October 1, 2006.
25. Rhodes T., Kimber J., Small W., Fitzgerald J., Kerr T., Hickman M., et al. Public injecting and the need for 'safer environment interventions' in the reduction of drug-related harm. Addiction 101 10 (2006) 1384-1393
26. Riley D. An overview of harm reduction programs and policies around the world: Rationale, key features and examples of best practices. Paper presented at the second international policy dialogue on HIV/AIDS. Warsaw, Poland, November 12-14 (2003)
27. Rodríguez C.M., Marques L.F., and Touzé G. HIV and injection drug use in Latin America. AIDS 16 Suppl. 3 (2002) S34-S41
28. Ross T. Using and dealing on Calle 19: A high risk street community in central Bogotá. Int. J. Drug Policy 13 (2002) 45-56
29. Rossi D., Goltzman P., Cymerman P., Touze G., and Weissenbacher M. Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome prevention in injection drug users and their partners and children: Lessons learned in Latin America-the Argentinean case. Clin. Infect. Dis. 37 Suppl. 5 (2003) S362-S365
30. Siri P., and Inchaurraga S. 'First steps': Using rapid assessment and response methods to develop research, intervention and advocacy capacity for addressing drug use in Rosario City, Argentina. Int. J. Drug Policy 11 1-2 (2000) 125-132
31. Sosa-Estani S., Rossi D., and Weissenbacher M. Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS in injecting drug users in Argentina: High seroprevalence of HIV infection. Clin. Infect. Dis. 37 Suppl. 5 (2003) 338-342
32. Stimson G.V., Fitch C., Des Jarlais D., Poznyak V., Perlis T., Oppenheimer E., et al. Rapid assessment and response studies of injection drug use: Knowledge gain, capacity building, and intervention development in a multisite study. Am. J. Public Health 96 2 (2006) 288-295
33. Thiesen F., and Barros H. Measuring inhalant abuse among homeless youth in southern Brazil. J. Psychoactive Drugs 36 2 (2004) 201-205
34. Thoumi F.E. Illegal drugs, economy and society in the Andes (2003), Woodrow Wilson Center Press/The Johns Hopkins University Press, Washington/Baltimore/London
35. Vignoles M., Avila M.M., Osimani M.L., de Los Angeles Pando M., Rossi D., Sheppard H., et al. HIV seroincidence estimates among at-risk populations in Buenos Aires and Montevideo: Use of the serologic testing algorithm for recent HIV seroconversion. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 42 4 (2006) 494-500
36. In: Youngers C.A., and Rosin E. (Eds). Drugs and democracy in Latin America (2005), Lynne Rienner Publisher, Boulder/London
37. Zocratto K.B.F., et al. HCV and HIV infection and co-infection: Injecting drug use and sexual behavior, AjUDE-Brasil I project. Cad Saúde Pública 22 4 (2006) 839-848