메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 45, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 223-257

Public opinion and the foundation of the juvenile court

Author keywords

Juvenile justice; Public opinion

Indexed keywords


EID: 33947125910     PISSN: 00111384     EISSN: 17459125     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-9125.2007.00077.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (66)

References (101)
  • 1
    • 0041552293 scopus 로고
    • Youth justice in a unified court: Response to critics of juvenile court abolition
    • Ainsworth, Janet E. 1995. Youth justice in a unified court: Response to critics of juvenile court abolition. Boston College Law Review 36:927-51.
    • (1995) Boston College Law Review , vol.36 , pp. 927-951
    • Ainsworth, J.E.1
  • 2
    • 10244257331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Association for Public Opinion Research, Ann Arbor, MI: American Association for Public Opinion Research
    • American Association for Public Opinion Research. 2004. Standard Definitions: Final Dispositions of Case Codes and Outcome Rates for Surveys. Ann Arbor, MI: American Association for Public Opinion Research.
    • (2004) Standard Definitions: Final Dispositions of Case Codes and Outcome Rates for Surveys
  • 3
    • 0007723615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forgiveness and fundamentalism: Reconsidering the relationship between correctional attitudes and religion
    • Applegate, Brandon K., Francis T. Cullen, Bonnie S. Fisher, and Thomas V. Ven. 2000. Forgiveness and fundamentalism: Reconsidering the relationship between correctional attitudes and religion. Criminology 38:719-53.
    • (2000) Criminology , vol.38 , pp. 719-753
    • Applegate, B.K.1    Cullen, F.T.2    Fisher, B.S.3    Ven, T.V.4
  • 4
    • 0030511306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing public support for three-strikes-and-you're-out laws: Global versus specific attitudes
    • Applegate, Brandon K., Francis T. Cullen, Michael G. Turner, and Jody L. Sundt. 1996. Assessing public support for three-strikes-and-you're-out laws: Global versus specific attitudes. Crime and Delinquency 42:517-34.
    • (1996) Crime and Delinquency , vol.42 , pp. 517-534
    • Applegate, B.K.1    Cullen, F.T.2    Turner, M.G.3    Sundt, J.L.4
  • 8
    • 26444592036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Juvenile crime and the transformation of juvenile justice: Is there a juvenile crime wave?
    • Bernard, Thomas J. 1999. Juvenile crime and the transformation of juvenile justice: Is there a juvenile crime wave? Justice Quarterly 16:337-56.
    • (1999) Justice Quarterly , vol.16 , pp. 337-356
    • Bernard, T.J.1
  • 9
    • 33947138812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beutel, Ann M., and Margaret M. Marini. 1995. Gender and values. American Sociological Review 60:436-48.
    • Beutel, Ann M., and Margaret M. Marini. 1995. Gender and values. American Sociological Review 60:436-48.
  • 10
    • 3142701009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Juvenile offenders in the adult criminal justice system
    • Bishop, Donna M. 2000. Juvenile offenders in the adult criminal justice system. Crime and Justice 27:81-167.
    • (2000) Crime and Justice , vol.27 , pp. 81-167
    • Bishop, D.M.1
  • 11
    • 85055403339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Injustice and irrationality in contemporary youth policy
    • Bishop, Donna M. 2004. Injustice and irrationality in contemporary youth policy. Criminology & Public Policy 3:633-44.
    • (2004) Criminology & Public Policy , vol.3 , pp. 633-644
    • Bishop, D.M.1
  • 12
    • 0032329174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bringing the public back in: Should sociologists consider the impact of public opinion on public policy?
    • Burstein, Paul. 1998. Bringing the public back in: Should sociologists consider the impact of public opinion on public policy? Social Forces 77:27-62.
    • (1998) Social Forces , vol.77 , pp. 27-62
    • Burstein, P.1
  • 13
    • 0037990111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of public opinion on public policy: A review and an agenda
    • Burstein, Paul. 2003. The impact of public opinion on public policy: A review and an agenda. Political Research Quarterly 56:29-40.
    • (2003) Political Research Quarterly , vol.56 , pp. 29-40
    • Burstein, P.1
  • 14
    • 23044530378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reviving juvenile justice in a get-tough era
    • Butts, Jeffrey A., and Daniel P. Mears. 2001. Reviving juvenile justice in a get-tough era. Youth and Society 33:169-98.
    • (2001) Youth and Society , vol.33 , pp. 169-198
    • Butts, J.A.1    Mears, D.P.2
  • 15
    • 33750443449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brick by brick: Dismantling the border between juvenile and adult justice
    • ed. Charles M. Friel. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice
    • Butts, Jeffrey A., and Ojmarrh Mitchell. 2000. Brick by brick: Dismantling the border between juvenile and adult justice. In Boundary Changes in Criminal Justice Organizations, ed. Charles M. Friel. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
    • (2000) Boundary Changes in Criminal Justice Organizations
    • Butts, J.A.1    Mitchell, O.2
  • 18
    • 3142679359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial typification of crime and support for punitive measures
    • Chiricos, Ted, Kelly Welch, and Marc Gertz. 2004. Racial typification of crime and support for punitive measures. Criminology 42:359-89.
    • (2004) Criminology , vol.42 , pp. 359-389
    • Chiricos, T.1    Welch, K.2    Gertz, M.3
  • 21
    • 15844422806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The twelve people who saved rehabilitation: How the science of criminology made a difference
    • Cullen, Francis T. 2005. The twelve people who saved rehabilitation: How the science of criminology made a difference. Criminology 43:1-42.
    • (2005) Criminology , vol.43 , pp. 1-42
    • Cullen, F.T.1
  • 22
    • 0013334365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Public opinion about punishment and corrections
    • Cullen, Francis T., Bonnie S. Fisher, and Brandon K. Applegate. 2000. Public opinion about punishment and corrections. Crime and Justice 27:1-79.
    • (2000) Crime and Justice , vol.27 , pp. 1-79
    • Cullen, F.T.1    Fisher, B.S.2    Applegate, B.K.3
  • 23
    • 0008546988 scopus 로고
    • Is child saving dead? Attitudes toward juvenile rehabilitation in Illinois
    • Cullen, Francis T., Kathryn M. Golden, and John B. Cullen. 1983. Is child saving dead? Attitudes toward juvenile rehabilitation in Illinois. Journal of Criminal Justice 11:1-13.
    • (1983) Journal of Criminal Justice , vol.11 , pp. 1-13
    • Cullen, F.T.1    Golden, K.M.2    Cullen, J.B.3
  • 24
    • 84973795037 scopus 로고
    • Public support for correctional rehabilitation: The tenacity of the rehabilitative ideal
    • Cullen, Francis T., Sandra E. Skovron, Joseph E. Scott, and Velmer S. Burton, Jr. 1990. Public support for correctional rehabilitation: The tenacity of the rehabilitative ideal. Criminal Justice and Behavior 17:6-18.
    • (1990) Criminal Justice and Behavior , vol.17 , pp. 6-18
    • Cullen, F.T.1    Skovron, S.E.2    Scott, J.E.3    Burton Jr., V.S.4
  • 25
    • 22044436876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Public support for early intervention programs: Implications for a progressive policy agenda
    • Cullen, Francis T., John P. Wright, Shayna Brown, Melissa M. Moon, Michael B. Blankenship, and Brandon K. Applegate. 1998. Public support for early intervention programs: Implications for a progressive policy agenda. Crime and Delinquency 44:187-204.
    • (1998) Crime and Delinquency , vol.44 , pp. 187-204
    • Cullen, F.T.1    Wright, J.P.2    Brown, S.3    Moon, M.M.4    Blankenship, M.B.5    Applegate, B.K.6
  • 26
    • 0040008691 scopus 로고
    • The third justice system: The new juvenile-criminal system of determinate sentencing for the youthful violent offender in Texas
    • Dawson, Robert O. 1988. The third justice system: The new juvenile-criminal system of determinate sentencing for the youthful violent offender in Texas. St. Mary's Law Journal 19:943-1016.
    • (1988) St. Mary's Law Journal , vol.19 , pp. 943-1016
    • Dawson, R.O.1
  • 27
    • 84930560282 scopus 로고
    • The future of juvenile justice: Is it time to abolish the system?
    • Dawson, Robert O. 1990. The future of juvenile justice: Is it time to abolish the system? Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 81:136-55.
    • (1990) Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology , vol.81 , pp. 136-155
    • Dawson, R.O.1
  • 28
    • 0003264471 scopus 로고
    • The coming of the super-predators
    • November 27, 23
    • DiIulio, John J. 1995. The coming of the super-predators. The Weekly Standard. November 27, 23.
    • (1995) The Weekly Standard
    • DiIulio, J.J.1
  • 29
    • 0038698336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fagan, Jeffrey, and Franklin E. Zimring, eds, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press
    • Fagan, Jeffrey, and Franklin E. Zimring, eds. 2000. The Changing Borders of Juvenile Justice. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
    • (2000) The Changing Borders of Juvenile Justice
  • 31
    • 0009141227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feld, Barry C, ed, New York: Oxford University Press
    • Feld, Barry C., ed. 1999b. Readings in Juvenile Justice Administration. New York: Oxford University Press.
    • (1999) Readings in Juvenile Justice Administration
  • 32
    • 0024536055 scopus 로고
    • Juvenile delinquency or juvenile justice: Which came first?
    • Ferdinand, Theodore N. 1989. Juvenile delinquency or juvenile justice: Which came first? Criminology 27:79-106.
    • (1989) Criminology , vol.27 , pp. 79-106
    • Ferdinand, T.N.1
  • 33
    • 0039141476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Public opinion and public policy in criminal justice
    • eds. Timothy J. Flanagan and Dennis R. Longmire. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
    • Flanagan, Timothy J. 1996. Public opinion and public policy in criminal justice. In Americans View Crime and Justice: A National Public Opinion Survey, eds. Timothy J. Flanagan and Dennis R. Longmire. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    • (1996) Americans View Crime and Justice: A National Public Opinion Survey
    • Flanagan, T.J.1
  • 35
    • 0037921240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Get-tough juvenile justice reforms: The Florida experience
    • Frazier, Charles E., Donna M. Bishop, and Lonn Lanza-Kaduce. 1999. Get-tough juvenile justice reforms: The Florida experience. The Annals 564:167-84.
    • (1999) The Annals , vol.564 , pp. 167-184
    • Frazier, C.E.1    Bishop, D.M.2    Lanza-Kaduce, L.3
  • 37
    • 85047672292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corporal punishment by parents and associated child behaviors and experiences: A meta-analytic and theoretical review
    • Gershoff, Elizabeth T. 2002. Corporal punishment by parents and associated child behaviors and experiences: A meta-analytic and theoretical review. Psychological Bulletin 128:539-79.
    • (2002) Psychological Bulletin , vol.128 , pp. 539-579
    • Gershoff, E.T.1
  • 39
    • 0000328028 scopus 로고
    • Religion, punitive justice, and support for the death penalty
    • Grasmick, Harold G., John Cochran, Robert J. Bursik, Jr., and M'Lou Kimpel. 1993. Religion, punitive justice, and support for the death penalty. Justice Quarterly 10:289-314.
    • (1993) Justice Quarterly , vol.10 , pp. 289-314
    • Grasmick, H.G.1    Cochran, J.2    Bursik Jr., R.J.3    Kimpel, M.4
  • 40
    • 20244385927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forensic clinical evaluations related to waiver of jurisdiction
    • eds. Jeffrey Fagan and Franklin E. Zimring. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press
    • Grisso, Thomas. 2000. Forensic clinical evaluations related to waiver of jurisdiction. In The Changing Borders of Juvenile Justice: Waiver of Juveniles to the Criminal Court, eds. Jeffrey Fagan and Franklin E. Zimring. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
    • (2000) The Changing Borders of Juvenile Justice: Waiver of Juveniles to the Criminal Court
    • Grisso, T.1
  • 42
    • 0038469726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grisso, Thomas, and Robert G. Schwartz, eds, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press
    • Grisso, Thomas, and Robert G. Schwartz, eds. 2000. Youth on Trial: A Developmental Perspective on Juvenile Justice. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
    • (2000) Youth on Trial: A Developmental Perspective on Juvenile Justice
  • 43
    • 33947184397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guarino-Ghezzi, Susan, and Edward J. Loughran. 2004. Balancing Juvenile Justice. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
    • Guarino-Ghezzi, Susan, and Edward J. Loughran. 2004. Balancing Juvenile Justice. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
  • 45
    • 21144460228 scopus 로고
    • Rethinking the juvenile justice system
    • Hirschi, Travis, and Michael Gottfredson. 1993. Rethinking the juvenile justice system. Crime and Delinquency 39:262-71.
    • (1993) Crime and Delinquency , vol.39 , pp. 262-271
    • Hirschi, T.1    Gottfredson, M.2
  • 46
    • 27844611293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economic insecurity, blame, and punitive attitudes
    • Hogan, Michael J., Ted Chiricos, and Marc Gertz. 2005. Economic insecurity, blame, and punitive attitudes. Justice Quarterly 22:392-412.
    • (2005) Justice Quarterly , vol.22 , pp. 392-412
    • Hogan, M.J.1    Chiricos, T.2    Gertz, M.3
  • 49
    • 0032379424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender and differences on crime and punishment
    • Hurwitz, Jon, and Shannon Smithey. 1998. Gender and differences on crime and punishment. Political Research Quarterly 51:89-115.
    • (1998) Political Research Quarterly , vol.51 , pp. 89-115
    • Hurwitz, J.1    Smithey, S.2
  • 50
    • 8344242118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ideology, social threat, and the death sentence: Capital sentences across time and space
    • Jacobs, David, and Jason T. Carmichael. 2004. Ideology, social threat, and the death sentence: Capital sentences across time and space. Social Forces 83:249-78.
    • (2004) Social Forces , vol.83 , pp. 249-278
    • Jacobs, D.1    Carmichael, J.T.2
  • 53
    • 0141567902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prosecuting adolescents in criminal court: Criminal or juvenile justice?
    • Kupchik, Aaron. 2003. Prosecuting adolescents in criminal court: Criminal or juvenile justice? Social Problems 50:439-60.
    • (2003) Social Problems , vol.50 , pp. 439-460
    • Kupchik, A.1
  • 55
    • 0037306279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The individual and joint effects of race, gender, and family status on juvenile justice decision-making
    • Leiber, Michael J., and Kristin Y. Mack. 2003. The individual and joint effects of race, gender, and family status on juvenile justice decision-making. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 40:34-70.
    • (2003) Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency , vol.40 , pp. 34-70
    • Leiber, M.J.1    Mack, K.Y.2
  • 56
    • 0000346103 scopus 로고
    • The juvenile court
    • Mack, Julian W. 1909. The juvenile court. Harvard Law Review 23:104-22.
    • (1909) Harvard Law Review , vol.23 , pp. 104-122
    • Mack, J.W.1
  • 58
    • 0346530000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Symbolic politics in Clinton's crime control agenda
    • Marion, Nancy E. 1997. Symbolic politics in Clinton's crime control agenda. Buffalo Criminal Law Review 1:67-108.
    • (1997) Buffalo Criminal Law Review , vol.1 , pp. 67-108
    • Marion, N.E.1
  • 59
    • 0004177136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • McCord, Joan, Cathy S. Widom, and Nancy A. Crowell, eds, Washington, DC: National Academy Press
    • McCord, Joan, Cathy S. Widom, and Nancy A. Crowell, eds. 2001. Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
    • (2001) Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice
  • 60
    • 84937276883 scopus 로고
    • Natural born killers? Preventing the coming explosion of teenage crime
    • McNulty, Paul J. 1995. Natural born killers? Preventing the coming explosion of teenage crime. Policy Review 71:84-7.
    • (1995) Policy Review , vol.71 , pp. 84-87
    • McNulty, P.J.1
  • 61
    • 23044526691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Getting tough with juvenile offenders: Explaining support for sanctioning youths as adults
    • Mears, Daniel P. 2001. Getting tough with juvenile offenders: Explaining support for sanctioning youths as adults. Criminal Justice and Behavior 28:206-26.
    • (2001) Criminal Justice and Behavior , vol.28 , pp. 206-226
    • Mears, D.P.1
  • 62
    • 33947172104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A critique of waiver research: Critical next steps in assessing the impacts of laws for transferring juveniles to the criminal justice system
    • Mears, Daniel P. 2003. A critique of waiver research: Critical next steps in assessing the impacts of laws for transferring juveniles to the criminal justice system. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 1:156-72.
    • (2003) Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice , vol.1 , pp. 156-172
    • Mears, D.P.1
  • 63
    • 0040956851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theorizing sanctioning in a criminalized juvenile court
    • Mears, Daniel P., and Samuel H. Field. 2000. Theorizing sanctioning in a criminalized juvenile court. Criminology 38:983-1020.
    • (2000) Criminology , vol.38 , pp. 983-1020
    • Mears, D.P.1    Field, S.H.2
  • 64
    • 0032388280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Public opinion and public policy, 1980-1993
    • Monroe, Alan D. 1998. Public opinion and public policy, 1980-1993. Public Opinion Quarterly 62:6-28.
    • (1998) Public Opinion Quarterly , vol.62 , pp. 6-28
    • Monroe, A.D.1
  • 65
    • 22844454680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is child saving dead? Public support for juvenile rehabilitation
    • Moon, Melissa M., Jody L. Sundt, Francis T. Cullen, and John P. Wright. 2000. Is child saving dead? Public support for juvenile rehabilitation. Crime and Delinquency 46:38-60.
    • (2000) Crime and Delinquency , vol.46 , pp. 38-60
    • Moon, M.M.1    Sundt, J.L.2    Cullen, F.T.3    Wright, J.P.4
  • 66
    • 84898017531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Putting kids to death: Specifying public support for juvenile capital punishment
    • Moon, Melissa M., John P. Wright, Francis T. Cullen, and Jennifer Pealer. 2000. Putting kids to death: Specifying public support for juvenile capital punishment. Justice Quarterly 17:663-84.
    • (2000) Justice Quarterly , vol.17 , pp. 663-684
    • Moon, M.M.1    Wright, J.P.2    Cullen, F.T.3    Pealer, J.4
  • 71
    • 23444462033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Public opinion and youth justice
    • eds. Michael H. Tonry and Anthony N. Doob. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press
    • Roberts, Julian V. 2004. Public opinion and youth justice. In Youth Crime and Youth Justice, eds. Michael H. Tonry and Anthony N. Doob. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
    • (2004) Youth Crime and Youth Justice
    • Roberts, J.V.1
  • 72
    • 85044899395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The state of the prisons: Exploring public knowledge and opinion
    • Roberts, Julian V., and Mike Hough. 2005. The state of the prisons: Exploring public knowledge and opinion. The Howard Journal 44:286-306.
    • (2005) The Howard Journal , vol.44 , pp. 286-306
    • Roberts, J.V.1    Hough, M.2
  • 73
    • 33947160227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roberts, Julian V., and Loretta J. Stalans. 1998. Crime, criminal justice, and public opinion. In The Handbook of Crime and Punishment, ed. Michael H. Tonry. New York: Oxford University Press.
    • Roberts, Julian V., and Loretta J. Stalans. 1998. Crime, criminal justice, and public opinion. In The Handbook of Crime and Punishment, ed. Michael H. Tonry. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • 75
    • 4944261483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hard choices or obvious ones: Developing policy for excluding youth from juvenile court
    • Sanborn, Joseph B., Jr. 2003. Hard choices or obvious ones: Developing policy for excluding youth from juvenile court. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 1:198-214.
    • (2003) Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice , vol.1 , pp. 198-214
    • Sanborn Jr., J.B.1
  • 76
    • 22444451758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The will of the people? The public's opinion of the Violent and Repeat Juvenile Offender Act of 1997
    • Schiraldi, Vincent, and Mark Soler. 1998. The will of the people? The public's opinion of the Violent and Repeat Juvenile Offender Act of 1997. Crime and Delinquency 44:590-601.
    • (1998) Crime and Delinquency , vol.44 , pp. 590-601
    • Schiraldi, V.1    Soler, M.2
  • 77
    • 21144479095 scopus 로고
    • The impact of demographic variables on public opinion regarding juvenile justice: Implications for public policy
    • Schwartz, Ira M., Shenyang Guo, and John J. Kerbs. 1993. The impact of demographic variables on public opinion regarding juvenile justice: Implications for public policy. Crime and Delinquency 39:5-28.
    • (1993) Crime and Delinquency , vol.39 , pp. 5-28
    • Schwartz, I.M.1    Guo, S.2    Kerbs, J.J.3
  • 78
    • 1142289672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Throwing away the key: Measuring prison reform attitudes
    • Silvia, Paul J. 2003. Throwing away the key: Measuring prison reform attitudes. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 33:2553-64.
    • (2003) Journal of Applied Social Psychology , vol.33 , pp. 2553-2564
    • Silvia, P.J.1
  • 79
    • 84992784677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examining public opinion about crime and justice: A statewide study
    • Sims, Barbara, and Eric Johnston. 2004. Examining public opinion about crime and justice: A statewide study. Criminal Justice Policy Review 15:270-93.
    • (2004) Criminal Justice Policy Review , vol.15 , pp. 270-293
    • Sims, B.1    Johnston, E.2
  • 80
    • 85001190885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Merging and emerging systems of juvenile and criminal justice
    • Singer, Simon I. 1996a. Merging and emerging systems of juvenile and criminal justice. Law and Policy 18:1-15.
    • (1996) Law and Policy , vol.18 , pp. 1-15
    • Singer, S.I.1
  • 82
    • 84935994501 scopus 로고
    • Classifying Protestant denominations
    • Smith, Tom W. 1990. Classifying Protestant denominations. Review of Religious Research 31:225-45.
    • (1990) Review of Religious Research , vol.31 , pp. 225-245
    • Smith, T.W.1
  • 84
    • 0009244317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding public opposition to a separate youth justice system
    • Sprott, Jane B. 1998. Understanding public opposition to a separate youth justice system. Crime and Delinquency 44:399-411.
    • (1998) Crime and Delinquency , vol.44 , pp. 399-411
    • Sprott, J.B.1
  • 85
    • 0041181131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The interaction of race, gender, and age in criminal sentencing: The punishment cost of being young, black, and male
    • Steffensmeier, Darrell, Jeffery Ulmer, and John Kramer. 1998. The interaction of race, gender, and age in criminal sentencing: The punishment cost of being young, black, and male. Criminology 36:763-98.
    • (1998) Criminology , vol.36 , pp. 763-798
    • Steffensmeier, D.1    Ulmer, J.2    Kramer, J.3
  • 86
    • 15844385597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reentry of young offenders from the justice system: A developmental perspective
    • Steinberg, Laurence, He Len Chung, and Michelle Little. 2004. Reentry of young offenders from the justice system: A developmental perspective. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 2:21-38.
    • (2004) Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice , vol.2 , pp. 21-38
    • Steinberg, L.1    Len Chung, H.2    Little, M.3
  • 89
    • 84938047924 scopus 로고
    • Salience of crime and support for harsher criminal sanctions
    • Taylor, D. Garth, Kim L. Scheppele, and Arthur L. Stinchcombe. 1979. Salience of crime and support for harsher criminal sanctions. Social Problems 26:413-24.
    • (1979) Social Problems , vol.26 , pp. 413-424
    • Taylor, D.G.1    Scheppele, K.L.2    Stinchcombe, A.L.3
  • 91
    • 1842590320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survey research and societal change
    • Tourangeau, Roger. 2004. Survey research and societal change. Annual Review of Psychology 55:775-802.
    • (2004) Annual Review of Psychology , vol.55 , pp. 775-802
    • Tourangeau1    Roger2
  • 92
    • 24044529104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The growing threat: Gangs and juvenile offenders
    • eds. Timothy J. Flanagan and Dennis R. Longmire. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
    • Triplett, Ruth. 1996. The growing threat: Gangs and juvenile offenders. In Americans View Crime and Justice, eds. Timothy J. Flanagan and Dennis R. Longmire. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    • (1996) Americans View Crime and Justice
    • Triplett, R.1
  • 93
    • 33947112473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2005 Population Estimates
    • United States Census Bureau, Washington, DC: U.S. Census Bureau
    • United States Census Bureau. 2006a. 2005 Population Estimates. Census GCT-T1-R. Washington, DC: U.S. Census Bureau.
    • (2006) Census GCT-T1-R
  • 94
    • 33947095086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United States Census Bureau, Washington, DC: U.S. Census Bureau
    • United States Census Bureau. 2006b. 2005 American Community Survey. Washington, DC: U.S. Census Bureau.
    • (2006) 2005 American Community Survey
  • 95
    • 84928456239 scopus 로고
    • Punitiveness, fear of crime, and perceptions of violence
    • Wanner, Richard A., and T. C. Caputo. 1987. Punitiveness, fear of crime, and perceptions of violence. Canadian Journal of Sociology 12:331-44.
    • (1987) Canadian Journal of Sociology , vol.12 , pp. 331-344
    • Wanner, R.A.1    Caputo, T.C.2
  • 97
    • 0034347098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of public opinion toward juvenile waiver decisions
    • Wu, Bohsiu. 2000. Determinants of public opinion toward juvenile waiver decisions. Juvenile and Family Court Journal 50:9-20.
    • (2000) Juvenile and Family Court Journal , vol.50 , pp. 9-20
    • Wu, B.1
  • 98
    • 0038954650 scopus 로고
    • Religious fundamentalism, punitiveness, and firearms ownership
    • Young, Robert L., and Carol Y. Thompson. 1995. Religious fundamentalism, punitiveness, and firearms ownership. Journal of Crime and Justice 18:81-98.
    • (1995) Journal of Crime and Justice , vol.18 , pp. 81-98
    • Young, R.L.1    Thompson, C.Y.2
  • 101
    • 1842815410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward a jurisprudence of youth violence
    • eds. Michael H. Tonry and Mark H. Moore, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press
    • Zimring, Franklin E. 1998b. Toward a jurisprudence of youth violence. In Youth Violence, eds. Michael H. Tonry and Mark H. Moore, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
    • (1998) Youth Violence
    • Zimring, F.E.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.