A dissociation between causal judgement and the ease with which a cause is categorized with its effect

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

Volumn 60, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 400-417

  Mitchell, Chris J ^a   Livesey, Evan ^b   Lovibond, Peter F ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; ASSOCIATION; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DECISION MAKING; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FEMALE; HUMAN; HYPERSENSITIVITY; INHIBITION (PSYCHOLOGY); LEARNING; MALE; PHYSIOLOGY; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ASSOCIATION; CAUSALITY; CUES; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYPERSENSITIVITY; INHIBITION (PSYCHOLOGY); JUDGMENT; LEARNING; MALE; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY;

EID: 33947120119     PISSN: 17470218     EISSN: 17470226     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/17470210601002512     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Baeyens, F., Vervliet, B., Vansteenwegen, D., Beckers, T., Hermans, D., & Eelen, P. (2004). Simultaneous and sequential feature negative discriminations: Elemental learning and occasion setting in human Pavlovian conditioning. Learning and Motivation, 35, 136-166.
2. Batsell, W. R., Paschall, G. Y., Gleason, D. I., & Batson, J. D. (2001). Taste preconditioning augments odor-aversion learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 27, 30-47.
3. Chapman, G. B., & Robbins, S. J. (1990). Cue interaction in human contingency judgment. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Memory and Cognition, 18, 537-545.
4. De Houwer, J., Beckers, T., & Glautier, S. (2002). Outcome and cue properties modulate blocking. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 55A, 965-985.
5. Dickinson, A. (2001). Causal learning: An associative analysis. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 54B, 3-25.
6. Dickinson, A., Shanks, D., & Evenden, J. (1984). Judgment of act-outcome contingency: The role of selective attribution. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 36A, 29-50.
7. Durlach, P. J., &. Rescorla, R. A. (1980). Potentiation rather than overshadowing in flavor-aversion learning: An analysis in terms of within-compound associations. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 6, 175-187.
8. Gopnik, A., Glymour, C., Sobel, D. M., Schulz, L. E., Kushnir, T., &. Danks, D. (2004). A theory of causal learning in children: Causal maps and Bayes nets. Psychological Review, 111, 3-32.
9. Hall, G. (1996). Learning about associatively activated representations: Implications for acquired equivalence and perceptual learning. Animal Learning & Behavior, 24, 233-255.
10. Hall, G., Mitchell, C. J., Graham, S., & Lavis, Y. (2003). Acquired equivalence and distinctiveness in human discrimination learning: Evidence for associative mediation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 132, 266-276.
11. Holland, P. C. (1990). Event representation in Pavlovian conditioning: Image and action. Cognition, 37, 105-131.
12. Jacoby, L. L., Toth, J. P., Yonelinas, A. P., & Debner, J. A. (1994). The relationship between conscious and unconscious influences: Independence or redundancy? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 123, 216-219.
13. Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1983). Mental models. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
14. Kamin, L. J. (1969). Predictability, surprise, attention and conditioning. In B. A. Campbell &. R. M. Church (Eds.), Punishment and aversive behavior (pp. 279-296). New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
15. Karazinov, D. M., & Boakes, R. A. (2004). Learning about cues that prevent an outcome: Conditioned inhibition and differential inhibition in human predictive learning. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 57B, 153-178.
16. Karazinov, D. M., & Boakes, R. A. (2007). Secondorder conditioning in human predictive judgements when there is little time to think. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 60, 448-460.
17. Le Pelley, M. E., Oakeshott, S. M., & McLaren, I. P. L. (2005). Blocking and unblocking in human causal learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 31, 56-70.
18. Lovibond, P. F., Been, S., Mitchell, C. J., Bouton, M. E., &. Frohardt, R. (2003). Forward and backward blocking of causal judgment is enhanced by additivity of effect magnitude. Memory & Cognition, 31, 133-142.
19. Mackintosh, N. J. (1975). A theory of attention: Variation in the associability of stimuli with reinforcement. Psychological Review, 82, 276-298.
20. Miller, R. R., & Matzel, L. D. (1988). The comparator hypothesis: A response rule for the expression of associations. In G. H. Bower (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation (Vol. 22, pp. 51-92). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
21. Mitchell, C. J., & Lovibond, P. F. (2002). Backward and forward blocking in human electrodermal conditioning: Blocking requires an assumption of outcome additivity. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 55B, 311-329.
22. Mitchell, C. J., Lovibond, P. F., & Gan, C. (2005). A dissociation between memory and causal judgments. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 12, 950-954.
23. Mitchell, C. J., Lovibond, P. F., Minard, E., & Lavis, Y. (2006). Forward blocking in human learning sometimes reflects the failure to encode a cue-outcome relationship. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 59, 830-844.
24. O'Brien, R. G., & Kaiser, M. K. (1985). MANOVA method for analyzing repeated measures designs: An extensive primer. Psychological Bulletin, 97, 316-333.
25. Pavlov, I. P. (1927). Conditioned reflexes. London: Oxford University Press.
26. Pineño, O., & Miller, R. R. (2007). Comparing associative, statistical, and inferential reasoning accounts of human contingency learning. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 60, 310-329.
27. Rescorla, R. A., &. Wagner, A. R. (1972). A theory of Pavlovian conditioning: Variations in the effectiveness of reinforcement and nonreinforcement. In A. H. Black & W. F. Prokasy (Eds.), Classical conditioning II: Current research and theory (pp. 64-99). New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
28. Rizley, R. C., & Rescorla, R. A. (1972). Associations in second-order conditioning and sensory preconditioning. Journal of Comparative & Physiological Psychology, 81, 1-11.
29. Shanks, D. R., López, F. J., Darby, R. J., & Dickinson, A. (1996). Distinguishing associative and probabilistic contrast theories of human contingency judgment. In D. R. Shanks, K. Holyoak, &D. L. Medin (Eds.), Causal learning (pp. 265-311). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
30. Waldmann, M. R. (2000). Competition among causes but not effects in predictive and diagnostic learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 26, 53-76.
31. Yin, H., Barnet, R. C., & Miller, R. R. (1994). Secondorder conditioning and Pavlovian conditioned inhibition: Operational similarities and differences. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 20, 419-428.