Metabolic syndrome and peripheral arterial disease as indicators for increased cardiovascular risk;Metabolisches syndrom und periphere arterielle verschlusskrankeit als indikatoren für erhöhtes kardiovaskuläres risiko

Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift

Volumn 132, Issue 1-2, 2007, Pages 15-20

  Diehm, Curt ^a,d   Darius, H ^b   Pittrow, D ^c   Allenberg, J R ^d   Haberl, R L ^e   Mahn, M ^f   Tepohl, H G ^g   Trampisch, H J ^h   Lange, S ⁱ  

^a Klinikum Karlsbad Langensteinbach   (Germany)

^b VIVANTES KLINIKUM NEUKÖLLN   (Germany)

^c DRESDEN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Germany)

^d UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL HEIDELBERG   (Germany)

^e Munich Municipal Hospital   (Germany)

^f Medizinische Abteilung   (Germany)

^g Internist/Angiologie   (Germany)

^h RUHR UNIVERSITY BOCHUM   (Germany)

ⁱ INSTITUTE FOR QUALITY AND EFFICIENCY IN HEALTH CARE IQWIG   (Germany)

Author keywords

Ankle brachial index; Cardiovascular risk; Metabolic syndrome; Peripheral arterial disease; Screening; Secondary prevention

Indexed keywords

AMPUTATION; ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX; ARTERY DISEASE; ARTICLE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DOPPLER ECHOGRAPHY; HEALTH HAZARD; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; PREVALENCE; PROGNOSIS; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; REVASCULARIZATION; RISK ASSESSMENT; SCREENING; SECONDARY PREVENTION; SURVIVAL; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; AGED; BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT; COHORT ANALYSIS; DOPPLER FLOWMETRY; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; MALE; METHODOLOGY; MORTALITY; PERIPHERAL OCCLUSIVE ARTERY DISEASE; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL; RISK FACTOR;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; COHORT STUDIES; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASES; PROGNOSIS; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODELS; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK FACTORS; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS; ULTRASONOGRAPHY, DOPPLER;

EID: 33947099970     PISSN: 00120472     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-959281     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Arbeitsgruppe Epidemiologische Methoden der Deutschen Arbeitsgemeinschaft Epidemiologie (DAE). Leitlinien und Empfehlungen zur Sicherung von Guter Epidemiologischer Praxis (GEP). Available: www.gmds.de/texte/onlinedocs/empfehlungen/empf_gep_langfassung.htm
2. Belch JJ. Metabolic, endocrine and haemodynamic risk factors in the patient with peripheral arterial disease. Diabetes Obes Metab 2002; 4 (Suppl 2): S7-13
3. Bhatt DL, Steg PG, Ohman EM et al. International Prevalence, Recognition, and Treatment of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Outpatients With Atherothrombosis. JAMA 2006; 295: 180-189
4. Brindle P, Emberson J, Lampe F et al. Predictive accuracy of the Framingham coronary risk score in British men: prospective cohort study. BMJ 2003; 327: 1267-1260
5. Bruno G, Merletti F, Biggeri A et al. Metabolic syndrome as a predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetes: the Casale Monferrato Study. Diabetes Care 2004; 27: 2689-2694
6. Conroy RM, Pyorala K, Fitzgerald AP et al. Estimation of ten-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease in Europe: the SCORE project. Eur Heart J 2003; 24: 987-1003
7. Darius H, Pittrow D, Haberl R et al. Are elevated homocysteine plasma levels related to peripheral arterial disease? Results from a cross-sectional study of 6.880 primary care patients. Eur J Clin Invest 2003; 33: 751-757
8. Darsow T, Kendall D, Maggs D. Is the metabolic syndrome a real clinical entity and should it receive drug treatment? Curr Diab Rep 2006; 6: 357-364
9. Diehm C, Heidrich H, Schulte K et al. Leitlinien zur Diagnostik und Therapie der arteriellen Verschlusskrankheit der Beinarterien. VASA 2001(Suppl 5730: 1-20
10. Diehm C, Lange S, Darius H et al. Association of low ankle brachial index with high mortality in primary care. Eur Heart J 2006; 27: 1743-1749
11. Diehm C, Schuster A, Allenberg JR et al. High prevalence of peripheral arterial disease and co-morbidity in 6880 primary care patients: cross-sectional study. Atherosclerosis 2004; 172: 95-105
12. Dormandy J, Rutherford R. Management of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). TASC Working Group. TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC). J Vasc Surg 2000; 31 : S1-S296
13. Eberly LE, Prineas R, Cohen JD et al. Metabolic syndrome: risk factor distribution and 18-year mortality in the multiple risk factor intervention trial. Diabetes Care 2006; 29: 123-130
14. Einhorn D, Reaven GM, Cobin RH et al. American College of Endocrinology position statement on the insulin resistance syndrome. Endocr Pract 2003; 9: 237-252
15. Expert Panel on Detection E, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive Summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). J Am Med Ass 2001; 285: 2486-2497
16. Ford ES. The metabolic syndrome and mortality from cardiovascular disease and all-causes: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey II Mortality Study. Atherosclerosis 2004; 173: 309-314
17. getABI Study Group. getABI: German epidemiological trial on ankle brachial index for elderly patients in family practice to detect peripheral arterial disease, significant marker for high mortality. VASA 2002; 31: 241-248
18. Greenland P, Abrams J, Aurigemma GP et al. Prevention Conference V. Beyond secondary prevention. Identifying the high-risk patient for primary prevention. Noninvasive tests of atherosclerotic burden. Circulation 2000; 101 : E16-22
19. Grundy SM. Drug therapy of the metabolic syndrome: minimizing the emerging crisis in polypharmacy. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2006; 5: 295-309
20. Grundy SM, Jr. Brewer HB, Cleeman JI, Jr. Smith SC, Lenfant C for the Conference Participants. Definition of metabolic syndrome: Report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Heart Association Conference on Scientific Issues Related to Definition. Circulation 2004; 109: 433-438
21. Haq IU, Ramsay LE, Yeo WW, Jackson PR, Wallis EJ. Is the Framingham risk function valid for northern European populations? A comparison of methods for estimating absolute coronary risk in high risk men. Heart 1999; 81: 40-46
22. Hillier TA, Rizzo JH, Pedula KL et al. Increased mortality associated with the metabolic syndrome in older women with diabetes. Diabetes Care 2005; 28: 2258-2260
23. Hirsch AT, Haskal Z, Hertzer N et al. ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease (Lower Extremity, Renal, Mesenteric, and Abdominal Aortic). Circulation 2006; 113: 463-654
24. Hooi JD, Kester AD, Stoffers HE, Rinkens PE, Knottnerus JA, van Ree JW. Asymptomatic peripheral arterial occlusive disease predicted cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in a 7-year follow-up study. J Clin Epidemiol 2004; 57: 294-300
25. Hu G, Qiao Q, Tuomilehto J, Balkau B, Borch-Johnsen K, Pyorala K. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its relation to all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in nondiabetic European men and women. Arch Intern Med 2004; 164: 1066-1076
26. Kerner W, Brückel J, Böhm B. Definition, Klassifikation und Diagnostik des Diabetes mellitus. Deutsche Diabetes Gesellschaft DDG, Herausgeber: W. A. Scherbaum, W. Kiess. Aktualisierung der 1. Auflage vom Juli 2001. 2004
27. Lakka HM, Laaksonen DE, Lakka TA et al. The metabolic syndrome and total and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men. Jama 2002; 288: 2709-2716
28. Leng GC, Fowkes FG, Lee AJ, Dunbar J, Housley E, Ruckley CV. Use of ankle brachial pressure index to predict cardiovascular events and death: a cohort study. BMJ 1996; 313: 1440-1444
29. Malik S, Wong ND, Franklin SS et al. Impact of the metabolic syndrome on mortality from coronary heart disease, cardiovascular disease, and all causes in United States adults. Circulation 2004; 110: 1245-1250
30. Newman A, Tyrrell K, Kuller L. Mortality over four years in SHEP participants with a low ankle-arm index. J Am Geriatr Soc 1997; 45: 1472-1478
31. O'Hare AM, Katz R, Shlipak MG, Cushman M, Newman AB. Mortality and cardiovascular risk across the ankle-arm index spectrum: results from the Cardiovascular Health Study. Circulation 2006; 113: 388-393
32. Resnick HE, Lindsay RS, McDermott MM et al. Relationship of high and low ankle brachial index to all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality: the Strong Heart Study. Circulation 2004; 109: 733-739
33. Statistisches Bundesamt. Sterbefälle nach den 10 häufigsten Todesursachen im Jahr 2005. Internet: http://www.destatis.de/ basis/d/gesu/gesutab20.php. Zugriff am 26 November 2006, 2006
34. Sundstrom J, Riserus U, Byberg L, Zethelius B, Lithell H, Lind L. Clinical value of the metabolic syndrome for long term prediction of total and cardiovascular mortality: prospective, population based cohort study. Bmj 2006; 332: 878-882
35. World Health Organization. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Report of a WHO Consultation. Part 1: Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Geneva, 1999