Khat - A new drug of abuse in Norway;Khat - Et nytt rusmiddel i Norge

Tidsskrift for den Norske Laegeforening

Volumn 127, Issue 5, 2007, Pages 574-576

  Al Samarraie, Muhammad ^a   Khiabani, Hassan Z ^a   Opdal, Mimi Stokke ^a  

^a Divisjon for Rettstoksikologi og Rusmiddelforskning   (Norway)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CENTRAL STIMULANT AGENT;

ADDICTION; ARTICLE; CATHA EDULIS; CHEMISTRY; HUMAN; PLANT LEAF; PSYCHOSIS;

CATHA; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULANTS; HUMANS; PLANT LEAVES; PSYCHOSES, SUBSTANCE-INDUCED; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS;

EID: 33847636823     PISSN: 00292001     EISSN: 08077096     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. Al Hebshi NN, Skaug N. Khat (Catha edulis) - an updated review. Addict Biol 2005; 10: 299-307.
2. Al Motarreb A, Baker K, Broadley KJ. Khat: pharmacological and medical aspects and its social use in Yemen. Phytother Res 2002; 16: 403-13.
3. Nordal A. Khat: pharmacognostical aspects. Bull Narc 1980; 32: 51-64.
4. Mathys K, Brenneisen R. Determination of (S)-(-)-cathinone and its metabolites (R,S)-(-)-norephedrine and (R,R)-(-)-norpseudoephedrine in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode-array detection. J Chromatogr 1992; 593: 79-85.
5. Kalix P. Pharmacological properties of the stimulant khat. Pharmacol Ther 1990; 48: 397-416.
6. Brenneisen R, Geisshusler S, Schorno X. Metabolism of cathinone to (-)-norephedrine and (-)-norpseudoephedrine. J Pharm Pharmacol 1986; 38: 298-300.
7. Kalix P, Braenden O. Pharmacological aspects of the chewing of khat leaves. Pharmacol Rev 1985; 37: 149-64.
8. Luqman W, Danowski TS. The use of khat (Catha edulis) in Yemen. Social and medical observations. Ann Intern Med 1976; 85: 246-9.
9. Toennes SW, Harder S, Schramm M et al. Pharmacokinetics of cathinone, cathine and norephedrine after the chewing of khat leaves. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2003; 56: 125-30.
10. Kalix P. Khat, an amphetamine-like stimulant. J Psychoactive Drugs 1994; 26: 69-74.
11. Widler P, Mathys K, Brenneisen R et al. Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of khat: a controlled study. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1994; 55: 556-62.
12. Toennes SW, Kauert GF. Excretion and detection of cathinone, cathine, and phenylpropanolamine in urine after kath chewing. Clin Chem 2002; 48: 1715-9.
13. Pehek EA, Schechter MD, Yamamoto BK. Effects of cathinone and amphetamine on the neurochemistry of dopamine in vivo. Neuropharmacology 1990; 29: 1171-6.
14. Kalix P. The amphetamine-like releasing effect of the alkaloid (-)cathinone on rat nucleus accumbens and rabbit caudate nucleus. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 1982; 6: 43-9.
15. Zelger JL, Schorno HX, Carlini EA. Behavioural effects of cathinone, an amine obtained from Catha edulis Forsk.: comparisons with amphetamine, norpseudoephedrine, apomorphine and nomifensine. Bull Narc 1980; 32: 67-81.
16. Nencini P, Ahmed AM, Elmi AS. Subjective effects of khat chewing in humans. Drug Alcohol Depend 1986; 18: 97-105.
17. Al Motarreb A, Briancon S, Al Jaber N et al. Khat chewing is a risk factor for acute myocardial infarction: a case-control study. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2005; 59: 574-81.
18. Kristiansson B, Abdul GN, Eriksson M et al. Use of khat in lactating women: a pilot study on breastmilk secretion. J Ethnopharmacol 1987; 21: 85-90.
19. Al Hadrani AM. Khat induced hemorrhoidal disease in Yemen. Saudi Med J 2000; 21: 475-7.
20. Toennes SW, Kauert GF. Driving under the influence of khat - alkaloid concentrations and observations in forensic cases. Forensic Sci Int 2004; 140: 85-90.
21. Gustavsen I, Morland J, Bramness JG. Impairment related to blood amphetamine and/or methamphetamine concentrations in suspected drugged drivers. Accid Anal Prev 2006; 38: 490-5.