A model for convectively coupled tropical waves: Nonlinearity, rotation, and comparison with observations

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

Volumn 61, Issue 17, 2004, Pages 2188-2205

  Majda, Andrew J ^a   Khouider, Boualem ^a   Kiladis, George N ^b   Straub, Katherine H ^b   Shefter, Michael G ^a  

^a NEW YORK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NOAA EARTH SYSTEM RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

POTENTIAL ENERGY; PRECIPITATION (METEOROLOGY); SOLAR RADIATION; SURFACE PHENOMENA; THERMAL STRATIFICATION; TROPICS;

KELVIN WAVES; TROPICAL WAVES;

UPPER ATMOSPHERE;

ATMOSPHERIC MODELING; ATMOSPHERIC WAVE; CONVECTIVE SYSTEM; KELVIN WAVE; PARAMETERIZATION; TROPOSPHERE;

EID: 4844223055     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(2004)061<2188:AMFCCT>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Davies, H. C., 1979: Phase-lagged wave-CISK. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 105, 325-353.
2. Donner, L., C. Seman, and R. Hemler, 2001: A cumulus parameterization including mass fluxes, convective vertical velocities, and mesoscale effects: Thermodynamic and hydrological aspects in a general circulation model. J. Climate, 14, 3444-3463.
3. Dunkerton, T. J., and F. X. Crum, 1995: Eastward propagating 2- to 15-day equatorial convection and its relation to the tropical intraseasonal oscillation. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 25 781-25 790.
4. Emanuel, K. A., 1987: An air-sea interaction model of intraseasonal oscillations in the Tropics. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 2324-3240.
5. Emanuel, K. A., 1994: Atmospheric Convection. Oxford University Press, 592 pp.
6. Gill, A. E., 1982: Atmosphere-Ocean Dynamics. Academic Press, 666 pp.
7. Grabowski, W. W., J. Yano, and M. W. Moncrieff, 2000: Cloud-resolving modeling of tropical circulations driven by large-scale SST gradients. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 2022-2039.
8. Houze, R. A., 1997: Stratiform precipitation in regions of convection: A meteorological paradox? Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 78, 2179-2196.
9. LeVeque, R. J., 1992: Numerical Methods for Conservation Laws. Lectures in Mathematics. Birkhauster Verlag, 224 pp.
10. Majda, A., and B. Khouider, 2001: A numerical strategy for efficient modeling of the equatorial wave guide. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 98, 1341-1346.
11. Majda, A., and M. Shefter, 2001a: Waves and instabilities for model tropical convective parameterizations. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 896-914.
12. Majda, A., and M. Shefter, 2001b: Models for stratiform instability and convectively coupled waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 1567-1584.
13. Majda, A., and B. Khouider, 2002: Stochastic and mesoscopic models for tropical convection. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 99, 1123-1128.
14. Mapes, B. E., 2000: Convective inhibition, subgridscale triggering energy, and "stratiform instability" in a toy tropical wave model. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 1515-1535.
15. Mapes, B. E., and R. A. Houze, 1993: An integrated view of the 1987 Australian monsoon and its mesoscale convective systems. II: Vertical structure. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 119, 733-754.
16. Mapes, B. E., and R. A. Houze, 1995: Diabatic divergence profiles in western Pacific mesoscale systems. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 1807-1828.
17. Matsuno, T., 1966: Quasi-geostrophic motions in the equatorial area. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 44, 25-43.
18. Moncrieff, M. W., and E. Klinker, 1997: Organized convective systems in the tropical western Pacific as a process in general circulation models: A TOGA-COARE case study. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 123, 805-827.
19. Nakazawa, T., 1988: Tropical super clusters within intraseasonal variations over the western Pacific. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 66, 823-839.
20. Neelin, J. D., and J. Yu, 1994: Modes of tropical variability under convective adjustment and Madden-Julian oscillation. Part I: Analytical theory. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 1876-1894.
21. Neelin, J. D., and N. Zeng, 2000: A quasi-equilibrium tropical circulation model-Formulation. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 1741-1766.
22. Osher, S., and C.-W. Shu, 1991: High-order essentially non-oscillatory schemes for Hamilton-Jacobi equations. Siam J. Numer. Anal., 28, 907-922.
23. Raymond, D. J., 1983: Wave-CISK in mass flux form. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 2561-2572.
24. Raymond, D. J., 1984: A wave-CISK model of squall lines. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 1946-1958.
25. Raymond, D. J., 1987: A forced gravity wave model of self-organized convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 3528-3543.
26. Robe, F. R., and K. A. Emanuel, 1996: Moist convective scaling: Some interferences from three-dimensional cloud ensemble simulations. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 3265-3275.
27. Slingo, J. M., and Coauthors, 1996: Intraseasonal oscillation in 15 atmospheric general circulation models: Results from an AMIP diagnostic subproject. Climate Dyn., 12, 325-357.
28. Straub, K. H., and G. N. Kiladis, 2002: Observations of a convectively coupled Kelvin wave in the eastern Pacific ITCZ. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 30-53.
29. Takayabu, Y. N., 1994: Large-scale cloud disturbances associated with equatorial waves. Part I: Spectral features of the cloud disturbances. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 72, 433-448.
30. Takayabu, Y. N., and M. Murakami, 1991: The structure of super cloud clusters observed in 1-20 June 1986 and their relationship to easterly waves. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 69, 105-125.
31. Wheeler, M., and G. N. Kiladis, 1999: Convectively coupled equatorial waves: Analysis of clouds and temperature in the wavenumber-frequency domain. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 374-399.
32. Wheeler, M., G. N. Kiladis, and P. J. Webster, 2000: Large scale dynamical fields associated with convectively coupled equatorial waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 613-640.
33. Yanai, M., S. Esbensen, and J. Chu, 1973: Determination of bulk properties of tropical cloud clusters from large-scale heat and moisture budgets. J. Atmos. Sci., 30, 611-627.
34. Yano, J.-I., and K. A. Emanuel, 1991: An improved model of the equatorial troposphere and its coupling to the stratosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 377-389.
35. Yano, J.-I., J. C. McWilliams, M. W. Moncrieff, and K. A. Emanuel, 1995: Hierarchical tropical cloud systems in an analog shallow-water model. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 1723-1742.
36. Yano, J.-I., M. W. Moncrieff, and J. C. McWilliams, 1998: Linear stability and single column analyses of several cumulus parametrization categories in a shallow-water model. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 124, 983-1005.
37. Yuter, S. E., and R. A. Houze Jr., 2000: The 1997 Pan American Climate Studies Tropical Eastern Pacific Process Study. Part I: ITCZ region. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 81, 451-482.