Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and infections in the first year of life: A report from the United Kingdom Childhood Cancer Study

American Journal of Epidemiology

Volumn 165, Issue 5, 2007, Pages 496-504

  Roman, E ^a   Simpson, J ^a   Ansell, P ^a   Kinsey, S ^b   Mitchell, C D ^c   McKinney, P A ^d,e   Birch, J M ^f   Greaves, M ^g   Eden, T ^h  

^a UNIVERSITY OF YORK   (United Kingdom)

^b ST JAMES S UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^c JOHN RADCLIFFE HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^d HEALTHCARE IMPROVEMENT SCOTLAND   (United Kingdom)

^e UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

^f ROYAL MANCHESTER CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^g INSTITUTE OF CANCER RESEARCH   (United Kingdom)

^h CHRISTIE HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Child; Infection; Leukemia, lymphocytic, acute

Indexed keywords

CANCER; CHILD HEALTH; IMMUNE RESPONSE; INFECTIOUS DISEASE;

ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA; AGE DISTRIBUTION; ARTICLE; CANCER DIAGNOSIS; CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY; CHILDHOOD LEUKEMIA; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNOREGULATION; INFANCY; INFECTION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NEWBORN PERIOD; POPULATION BASED CASE CONTROL STUDY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; UNITED KINGDOM;

AGE OF ONSET; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CONFIDENCE INTERVALS; FEMALE; GREAT BRITAIN; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; INFECTION; LEUKEMIA, LYMPHOCYTIC, ACUTE, L1; MALE; ODDS RATIO; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 33847363217     PISSN: 00029262     EISSN: 14766256     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwk039     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Ward G. Infective theory of acute leukaemia. Br J Child Dis 1917;14:10-20.
2. Cooke J. The incidence of acute leukemia in children. JAMA 1942;119:547-50.
3. Stewart A, Webb J, Hewitt D. A survey of childhood malignancies. Br Med J 1958;30:1495-507.
4. Greaves MF. Speculations on the cause of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 1988;2:120-5.
5. Smith M. Considerations on a possible viral etiology for B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia of childhood. J Immunother 1997;20:89-100.
6. Kinlen L. Evidence for an infective cause of childhood leukaemia: comparison of a Scottish new town with nuclear reprocessing sites in Britain. Lancet 1988;2:1323-7.
7. Smith MA, Simon R, Strickler HD, et al. Evidence that childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia is associated with an infectious agent linked to hygiene conditions. Cancer Causes Control 1998;9:285-98.
8. Kinlen LJ. Epidemiological evidence for an infective basis in childhood leukaemia. Br J Cancer 1995;71:1-5.
9. Greaves M. Infection, immune responses and the aetiology of childhood leukaemia. Nat Rev Cancer 2006;6:193-203.
10. United Kingdom Childhood Cancer Study Investigators. The United Kingdom Childhood Cancer Study: objectives, materials and methods. United Kingdom Childhood Cancer Study Investigators. Br J Cancer 2000;82:1073-102.
11. Kinlen L. Infections and immune factors in cancer: the role of epidemiology. Oncogene 2004;23:6341-8.
12. Greaves MF. Aetiology of acute leukaemia. Lancet 1997;349:344-9.
13. Dockerty JD, Draper G, Vincent T, et al. Case-control study of parental age, parity and socioeconomic level in relation to childhood cancers. Int J Epidemiol 2001;30:1428-37.
14. Adelman AS, McLaughlin CC,Wu XC, et al. Urbanisation and incidence of acute lymphocytic leukaemia among United States children aged 0-4. Br J Cancer 2005;92:2084-8.
15. Kinlen LJ, Hudson CM, Stiller CA. Contacts between adults as evidence for an infective origin of childhood leukaemia: an explanation for the excess near nuclear establishments in west Berkshire? Br J Cancer 1991;64:549-54.
16. Roman E, Watson A, Bull D, et al. Leukaemia risk and social contact in children aged 0-4 years in southern England. J Epidemiol Community Health 1994;48:601-2.
17. Kinlen L, Jiang J, Hemminki K. A case-control study of childhood leukaemia and paternal occupational contact level in rural Sweden. Br J Cancer 2002;86:732-7.
18. Fear NT, Simpson J, Roman E. Childhood cancer and social contact: the role of paternal occupation (United Kingdom). Cancer Causes Control 2005;16:1091-7.
19. Ma X, Does MB, Metayer C, et al. Vaccination history and risk of childhood leukaemia. Int J Epidemiol 2005;34:1100-9.
20. Kneale GW, Stewart AM, Wilson LM. Immunizations against infectious diseases and childhood cancers. Cancer Immunol Immunother 1986;21:129-32.
21. Dockerty JD, Skegg DCG, Elwood JM, et al. Infections, vaccinations, and the risk of childhood leukaemia. Br J Cancer 1999;80:1483-9.
22. Groves FD, Gridley G, Wacholder S, et al. Infant vaccinations and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in the USA. Br J Cancer 1999;81:175-8.
23. Roman E, Simpson J, Ansell P, et al. Perinatal and reproductive factors: a report on haematological malignancies from the UKCCS. Eur J Cancer 2005;41:749-59.
24. Gilham C, Peto J, Simpson J, et al. Day care in infancy and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: findings from UK case-control study. BMJ 2005;330:1294-9.
25. Schuz J, Kaletsch U, Meinert R, et al. Association of childhood leukaemia with factors related to the immune system. Br J Cancer 1999;80:585-90.
26. Neglia JP, Linet MS, Shu XO, et al. Patterns of infection and day care utilization and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Br J Cancer 2000;82:234-40.
27. Jourdan-Da Silva N, Perel Y, Mechinaud F, et al. Infectious diseases in the first year of life, perinatal characteristics and childhood acute leukaemia. Br J Cancer 2004;90:139-45.
28. Westergaard T, Andersen PK, Pedersen JB, et al. Birth characteristics, sibling patterns, and acute leukemia risk in childhood: a population-based cohort study. J Natl Cancer Inst 1997;89:939-47.
29. Ansell P, Mitchell CD, Roman E, et al. Relationships between perinatal and maternal characteristics and hepatoblastoma: a report from the UKCCS. Eur J Cancer 2005;41:741-8.
30. World Health Organization. ICD-10: international statistical classification of diseases and related health problems. Tenth Revision. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 1992.
31. British Medical Association, Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. British National Formulary - number 24 (September 1992). London, United Kingdom: British Medical Association and the Pharmaceutical Press, 1992.
32. Day N, Skinner J, Roman E, et al. Exposure to power-frequency magnetic fields and the risk of childhood cancer. United Kingdom Childhood Cancer Study Investigators. Lancet 1999;354:1925-31.
33. Roizen NJ, Patterson D. Down's syndrome. Lancet 2003;361:1281-9.
34. Fear NT, Roman E, Ansell P, et al. Vitamin K and childhood cancer: a report from the United Kingdom Childhood Cancer Study. Br J Cancer 2003;89:1228-31.
35. Skinner J, Maslanyj M, Mee TJ, et al. Childhood cancer and residential proximity to power lines. United Kingdom Childhood Cancer Study Investigators. Br J Cancer 2000;83:1573-80.
36. McKinney PA, Fear NT, Stockton D, et al. Parental occupation at periconception: findings from the United Kingdom Childhood Cancer Study. Occup Environ Med 2003;60:901-9.
37. Breslow NE, Day NE. Statistical methods in cancer research. Vol 1. The analysis of case-control studies. (IARC Scientific Publication no. 32). Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1980.
38. Stata Corporation. Stata statistical software: release 8.2. College Station, TX: Stata Corporation, 2003.
39. Rosenbaum PF, Buck GM, Brecher ML. Allergy and infectious disease histories and the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2005;19:152-64.
40. Infante-Rivard C, Fortier I, Olson E. Markers of infection, breast-feeding and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Br J Cancer 2000;83:1559-64.
41. Perrillat F, Clavel J, Auclerc MF, et al. Day-care, early common infections and childhood acute leukaemia: a multicentre French case-control study. Br J Cancer 2002;86:1064-9.
42. Chan LC, Lam TH, Li CK, et al. Is the timing of exposure to infection a major determinant of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in Hong Kong? Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2002;16:154-65.
43. Smith A, Roman E, Simpson J, et al. Childhood leukaemia and socioeconomic status: fact or artefact? A report from the United Kingdom Childhood Cancer Study (UKCCS). Int J Epidemiol 2006;Aug 31(e-pub ahead of print). (DOI:10.1093/ije/dyl193).
44. McConnachie A, Wilson P, Thomson H, et al. Modelling consultation rates in infancy: influence of maternal and infant characteristics, feeding type and consultation history. Br J Gen Pract 2004;54:598-603.
45. Goldfeld SR, Wright M, Oberklaid F. Parents, infants and health care: utilization of health services in the first 12 months of life. J Paediatr Child Health 2003;39:249-53.
46. Arber S. Social class, non-employment, and chronic illness: continuing the inequalities in health debate. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1987;294:1069-73.
47. Saxena S, Eliahoo J, Majeed A. Socioeconomic and ethnic group differences in self reported health status and use of health services by children and young people in England: cross sectional study. BMJ 2002;325:520-5.
48. Cooper H, Smaje C, Arber S. Use of health services by children and young people according to ethnicity and social class: secondary analysis of a national survey. BMJ 1998;317:1047-51.
49. Beral V, Fear NT, Alexander F, et al. Breastfeeding and childhood cancer. Br J Cancer 2001;85:1685-94.
50. Taylor GM, Dearden S, Ravetto P, et al. Genetic susceptibility to childhood common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is associated with polymorphic peptide-binding pocket profiles in HLA-DPB1*0201. Hum Mol Genet 2002;11:1585-97.
51. Stewart A. Aetiology of childhood malignancies: II. Congenitally determined leukaemias. Br Med J 1961;1:452-60.
52. Greaves MF, Wiemels J. Origins of chromosome translocations in childhood leukaemia. Nat Rev Cancer 2003;3:639-49.
53. Greaves MF, Maia AT, Wiemels JL, et al. Leukemia in twins: lessons in natural history. Blood 2003;102:2321-33.
54. Roman E, Doyle D, Lightfoot T, et al. Molar pregnancy, childhood cancer and genomic imprinting - is there a link? Hum Fertil 2006:9:171-4.