Dynamics of orthographic standardization in Jamaican Creole and Nigerian Pidgin

World Englishes

Volumn 26, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 22-47

  Deuber, Dagmar ^a   Hinrichs, Lars ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG   (Germany)

^b STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33847253403     PISSN: 08832919     EISSN: 1467971X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-971X.2007.00486.x     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Abdulaziz, Mkilifi M.H.. (1972) Triglossia and Swahili-English bilingualism in Tanzania. Language in Society, 1, 197-213.
2. Agheyisi, Rebecca N. (1984) Linguistic implications of the changing role of Nigerian Pidgin English. English World-Wide, 5, 211-33.
3. Agheyisi, Rebecca N. (1988) The standardization of Nigerian Pidgin English. English World-Wide, 9, 227-41.
4. Akinnaso, F. Niyi (1990) The politics of language planning in education in Nigeria. Word, 41, 337-67.
5. Aribiah, Mary Oberu (2000) If Noah were a Nigerian ...: A study in discourse analysis. Journal of Cultural Studies, 2, 231-44.
6. Awobuluyi, Oladele (1994) The development of standard Yoruba. In Language Reform: History and Future. Vol. 6. Edited by István Fodor and Claude Hagège. Hamburg: Buske, pp. 25-42.
7. Baker, Philip (1991) Writing the wronged. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, 6, 107-22.
8. Baker, Philip (1997) Developing ways of writing vernaculars: Problems and solutions in a historical perspective. In Vernacular Literacy: A Re-Evaluation. Edited by Andrée Tabouret-Keller, Robert B. Le Page, Penelope Gardner-Chloros and Gabrielle Varro. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 93-141.
9. Baron, Naomi S. (2000) Alphabet to Email. London: Routledge.
10. Cassidy, Frederic G. (1993) Short note on Creole orthography. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, 8, 135-7.
11. Cassidy, Frederic G. and Le Page, Robert B. (eds.) (1980) Dictionary of Jamaican English. 2nd edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
12. Central Intelligence Agency (2005) The World Factbook. Washington, DC: Central Intelligence Agency. , 29 July 2005.
13. Christie, Pauline (2003) Language in Jamaica. Kingston: Arawak.
14. Crystal, David (2001) Language and the Internet. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
15. D'Costa, Jean and Lalla, Barbara (eds.) (1989) Voices in Exile: Jamaican Texts of the 18th and 19th Centuries. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press.
16. DeCamp, David (1971) Toward a generative analysis of a post-Creole speech continuum. In Pidginization and Creolization of Languages. Edited by Dell Hymes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 349-70.
17. Deuber, Dagmar (2002) "First year of nation's return to government of make you talk your own make I talk my own": Anglicisms versus Pidginization in news translations into Nigerian Pidgin. English World-Wide, 23, 195-222.
18. Deuber, Dagmar (2005) Nigerian Pidgin in Lagos: Language Contact, Variation and Change in an African Urban Setting. London: Battlebridge.
19. Devonish, Hubert (1986) Language and Liberation: Creole Language Politics in the Caribbean. London: Karia.
20. Devonish, Hubert (1996) Vernacular languages and writing technology transfer: The Jamaican case. In Caribbean Language Issues: Old and New. Papers in Honour of Professor Mervyn Alleyne on the Occasion of his Sixtieth Birthday. Edited by Pauline Christie. Kingston: University of the West Indies Press, pp. 101-11.
21. Devonish, Hubert (2003) Language advocacy and "conquest" diglossia in the "Anglophone" Caribbean. In The Politics of English as a World Language: New Horizons in Postcolonial Cultural Studies. Edited by Christian Mair. Amsterdam: Rodopi, pp. 157-77.
22. Donnelly, Janet (2004) Bahamian Creole English: Towards a standardized orthography. Paper presented at the International Joint Conference for Creole Languages including the SPCL-SCL-ACBLPE, Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles.
23. Dray, Susan (2004) (W)rites of passage: Exploring non-standard texts, writing practices and power in the context of Jamaica. PhD dissertation, Lancaster University.
24. Elugbe, Ben O. and Omamor, Augusta P. (1991) Nigerian Pidgin: Background and Prospects. Ibadan: Heinemann.
25. Emenanjo, E. Nolue (1991) Language modernization from the grass-roots: the Nigerian experience. In Language Standardization in Africa. Edited by Norbert Cyffer, Klaus Schubert, Hans-Ingolf Weier and Ekkehard Wolff. Hamburg: Buske, pp. 157-64.
26. Faraclas, Nicholas (1996) Nigerian Pidgin. London: Routledge.
27. Faraclas, Nicholas et al. (1984) Rivers State Pidgin English. Journal of the Linguistic Association of Nigeria, 2, 187-98.
28. Fasold, Ralph (1997) Motivations and attitudes influencing vernacular literacy: Four African assessments. In Vernacular Literacy: A Re-Evaluation. Edited by Andrée Tabouret-Keller, Robert B. Le Page, Penelope Gardner-Chloros and Gabrielle Varro. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 264-70.
29. Ferguson, Charles A. (1959) Diglossia. Word, 15, 325-40.
30. Gordon, Raymond G. Jr., (ed.) (2005) Ethnologue: Languages of the World. 15th edn. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics. . 29 July 2005.
31. Hall, Robert A. (1966) Pidgin and Creole Languages. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
32. Hellinger, Marlis (1986) On writing English-related Creoles in the Caribbean. In Focus on the Caribbean. Edited by Manfred Görlach and John A. Holm. Amsterdam: Benjamins, pp. 53-70.
33. Hinrichs, Lars (2004) Emerging orthographic conventions in written Creole: Computer-mediated communication in Jamaica. Arbeiten aus Anglistik und Amerikanistik, 29, 81-109.
34. Hinrichs, Lars (2005) Creole on the Internet: New types of evidence in the study of written vernacular language use among young people. In Perspektiven der Jugendsprachforschung/Trends and Developments in Youth Language Research. Edited by Christa Dürscheid and Jürgen Spitzmüller. Frankfurt: Lang, pp. 183-200.
35. Hinrichs, Lars (2006) Codeswitching on the Web: English and Jamaican Creole in E-Mail Communication. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
36. Holm, John A. (1988) Pidgins and Creoles. Vol. 1: Theory and Structure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
37. Huber, Magnus (1999) Ghanaian Pidgin English in Its West African Context: A Sociohistorical and Structural Analysis. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
38. Irvine, Alison (2004) A good command of the English language: phonological variation in the Jamaican acrolect. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, 19, 41-76.
39. Koch, Peter and Österreicher, Wulf (1985) Sprache der Nähe - Sprache der Distanz: Mündlichkeit und Schriftlichkeit im Spannungsfeld von Sprachtheorie und Sprachgeschichte. Romanistisches Jahrbuch, 39, 15-43.
40. Lalla, Barbara (2005) Creole and Respec' in the development of Jamaican literary discourse. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, 20, 53-84.
41. Mair, Christian (2003) Language, code, and symbol: The changing roles of Jamaican Creole in diaspora communities. Arbeiten aus Anglistik und Amerikanistik, 28, 231-48.
42. Mann, Charles C. (1996) Anglo-Nigerian Pidgin in Nigerian education: A survey of policy, practice and attitudes. In Language, Education and Society in a Changing World. Edited by Tina Hickey and Jenny Williams. Dublin: IRAAL/Multilingual Matters, pp. 93-106.
43. Maynor, Natalie (1994) The language of electronic mail: Written speech? In Centennial Usage Studies. Edited by Greta D. Little and Michael Montgomery. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, pp. 48-54.
44. Mühleisen, Susanne (2002) Creole Discourse: Exploring Prestige Formation and Change across Caribbean English-Lexicon Creoles. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
45. Oladejo, James (1991) The national language question in Nigeria: Is there an answer? Language Problems and Language Planning, 15, 255-67.
46. Palfreyman, David and al Khalil, Muhamed (2003) "A funky language for teenz to use": Representing Gulf Arabic in instant messaging. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 9/1. , 27 Dec. 2004.
47. Patrick, Peter L. (1999) Urban Jamaican Creole: Variation in the Mesolect. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
48. Romaine, Suzanne (2005) Orthographic practices in the standardization of pidgins and creoles: Pidgin in Hawai'i as anti-language and anti-standard. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, 20, 101-40.
49. Sebba, Mark (1993) London Jamaican: Language Systems in Interaction. London: Longman.
50. Sebba, Mark (1996) How do you spell Patwa? Critical Quarterly, 38/4, 50-63.
51. Sebba, Mark (1997) Contact Languages: Pidgins and Creoles. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
52. Sebba, Mark (1998a) Meaningful choices in Creole orthography: "experts" and "users". In Making Meaningful Choices in English: On Dimensions, Perspectives, Methodology and Evidence. Edited by Rainer Schulze. Tübingen: Narr, pp. 223-33.
53. Sebba, Mark (1998b) Phonology meets ideology: The meaning of orthographic practices in British Creole. Language Problems and Language Planning, 22, 19-47.
54. Sebba, Mark (2000a) Orthography and ideology: Issues in Sranan spelling. Linguistics, 38, 925-48.
55. Sebba, Mark (2000b) Writing switching in British Creole. In Multilingual Literacies: Reading and Writing Different Worlds. Edited by Marilyn Martin-Jones and Kathryn Jones. Amsterdam: Benjamins, pp. 171-87.
56. Sebba, Mark (2003) Spelling rebellion. In Discourse Constructions of Youth Identities. Edited by Jannis K. Androutsopoulos and Alexandra Georgakopoulou. Amsterdam: Benjamins, pp. 151-72.
57. Sebba, Mark, Kedge, Sally and Dray, Susan (1999) The Corpus of Written British Creole: A User's Guide. , 17 Dec. 2004.
58. Siebenhaar, Beat (2003) Sprachgeographische Aspekte der Morphologie und Verschriftung in schweizerdeutschen Chats. Linguistik Online, 15, 125-39. , 27 Dec. 2004.
59. Smith, Geoff (2002) Growing up with Tok Pisin: Contact, Creolization and Change in Papua New Guinea's National Language. London: Battlebridge.
60. Warschauer, Mark, El Said, Ghada R. and Zohry, Ayman (2002) Language choice online: Globalization and identity in Egypt. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 7/4. , 27 Dec. 2004.
61. Winer, Lise (1990) Orthographic standardization for Trinidad and Tobago: linguistic and sociopolitical considerations in an English Creole community. Language Problems and Language Planning, 14, 237-68.
62. Winford, Donald (1985) The concept of "diglossia" in Caribbean Creole situations. Language in Society, 14, 345-56.
63. Winford, Donald (1988) The Creole continuum and the notion of the community as locus of language. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 71, 91-105.