Technical note: How many readings are required for an acceptable accuracy in pulsatile ocular blood flow assessment?

Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics

Volumn 27, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 213-219

  Yu, Bibianna S Y ^a   Lam, Andrew K C ^a  

^a HONG KONG POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

Accuracy; Glaucoma; Intraocular pressure; Pulsatile ocular blood flow

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; EYE BLOOD FLOW; HUMAN; MEDICAL ASSESSMENT; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PULSATILE FLOW; RANDOMIZATION; REPEAT PROCEDURE; STANDARD;

ADULT; BLOOD FLOW VELOCITY; EYE; GLAUCOMA; HONG KONG; HUMANS; INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE; MALE; PULSATILE FLOW; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; TONOMETRY, OCULAR;

EID: 33847186325     PISSN: 02755408     EISSN: 14751313     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2006.00463.x     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Agarwal, H. C., Gupta, V., Sihota, R. and Singh, K. (2003) Pulsatile ocular blood flow among normal subjects and patients with high tension glaucoma. Indian J. Ophthalmol. 51, 133-138.
2. Aydin, A., Wollstein, G., Price, L. L. and Schuman, J. S. (2003) Evaluating pulsatile ocular blood flow analysis in normal and treated glaucomatous eyes. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 136, 448-453.
3. Barkana, Y., Harris, A., Hefez, L., Zaritski, M., Chen, D. and Avni, I. (2003) Unrecordable pulsatile ocular blood flow may signify severe stenosis of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 87, 1478-1480.
4. Bhan, A., Bhargava, J., Vernon, S. A., Armstrong, S., Bhan, K., Tong, L. and Sung, V. (2003) Repeatability of ocular blood flow pneumotonometry. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 110, 1551-1554.
5. Bland, J. M. and Altman, D. G. (1986) Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet 1, 307-310.
6. Butt, Z. and O'Brien, C. (1995) Reproducibility of pulsatile ocular blood flow measurements. J. Glaucoma 4, 214-218.
7. Chen, S. J., Cheng, C. Y., Lee, A. F., Lee, F. L., Hsu, W. M. and Liu, J. H. (2004) Pulsatile ocular blood flow of choroidal neovascularization in asymmetric age-related macular degeneration after transpupillary thermotherapy. Eye 18, 595-599.
8. Eisenlohr, J. E., Langham, M. E. and Maumenee, A. E. (1962) Manometric studies of the pressure-volume relationship in living and enucleated eyes of individual human subjects. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 46, 536-548.
9. Georgopoulos, G. T., Diestelhorst, M., Fisher, R., Ruokonen, P. and Krieglstein, G. K. (2002) The short-term effect of latanoprost on intraocular pressure and pulsatile ocular blood flow. Acta Ophthalmol. Scand. 80, 54-58.
10. Geyer, O., Neudorfer, M., Snir, T., Goldstein, M., Rock, T., Silver, D. M. and Bartov, E. (1999) Pulsatile ocular blood flow in diabetic retinopathy. Acta Ophthalmol. Scand. 77, 522-525.
11. Geyer, O., Silver, D. M., Mathalon, N. and Massey, A. D. (2003) Gender and age effects on pulsatile ocular blood flow. Ophthalmic Res. 35, 247-250.
12. Gunvant, P., Watkins, R. J., Broadway, D. C. and O'Leary, D. J. (2004a) Repeatability and effects of sequential measurements with POBF tonograph. Optom. Vis. Sci. 81, 794-799.
13. Gunvant, P., Baskaran, M., Vijaya, L., Joseph, I. S., Watkins, R. J., Nallapothula, M., Broadway, D. C. and O'Leary, D. J. (2004b) Effect of corneal parameters on measurements using the pulsatile ocular blood flow tonograph and Goldmann applanation tonometer. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 88, 518-522.
14. Kao, S. F., Lichter, P. R., Bergstrom, T. J., Rowe, S. and Musch, D. C. (1987) Clinical comparison of the Oculab Tono-pen to the Goldmann applanation tonometer. Ophthalmology 94, 1541-1544.
15. Kergoat, H. and Lovasik, J. V. (2005) Seven-degree headdown tilt reduces choroidal pulsatile ocular blood flow. Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 76, 930-934.
16. Kergoat, H., Marinier, J. A. and Lovasik, J. V. (2005) Effects of transient mild systemic hypoxia on the pulsatile choroidal blood flow in healthy young human adults. Curr. Eye Res. 30, 465-470.
17. Kerr, J., Nelson, P. and O'Brien, C. (2003) Pulsatile ocular blood flow in primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 136, 1106-1113.
18. Khan, J. C., Hughes, E. H., Tom, B. D. and Diamond, J. P. (2002) Pulsatile ocular blood flow: the effect of the Valsalva manoeuvre in open angle and normal tension glaucoma: a case report and prospective study. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 86, 1089-1092.
19. Kontiola, A. and Puska, P. (2004) Measuring intraocular pressure with the Pulsair 3000 and Rebound tonometers in elderly patients without an anesthetic. Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 242, 3-7.
20. Lam, A. K. C. and Lam, C. H. (2004) Effect of breath-holding on pulsatile ocular blood flow measurement in normal subjects. Optom. Vis. Sci. 81, 597-600.
21. Lam, A. K. C., Chan, H., Fan, W. and To, C. H. (1999) A preliminary study on the ocular blood flow (OBF) of Hong Kong Chinese. Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt. 19, 512-517.
22. Lam, A. K. C., Chan, S. T., Chan, H. and Chan, B. (2003) The effect of age on ocular blood supply determined by pulsatile ocular blood flow and color Doppler ultrasonography. Optom. Vis. Sci. 80, 305-311.
23. Langham, M. E. (1987) Ocular blood flow and visual loss in glaucomatous eyes. In: Glaucoma Update III (ed. G. K. Krieglstein), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 58-66.
24. Langham, M. E. and McCarthy, E. (1968) A rapid pneumatic applanation tonometer. Comparative findings and evaluation. Arch. Ophthalmol. 79, 389-399.
25. Langham, M. E., Farrell, R. A., O'Brien, V., Silver, D. M. and Schilder, P. (1989) Blood flow in the human eye. Acta Ophthalmol. 191 (Suppl.), S9-S13.
26. Lovasik, J. V. and Kergoat, H. (2004) Consequences of an increase in the ocular perfusion pressure on the pulsatile ocular blood flow. Optom. Vis. Sci. 81, 692-698.
27. Mackie, S. W., Jay, J. L., Ackerley, R. and Walsh, G. (1996) Clinical comparison of the Keeler Pulsair 2000, American Optical MkII and Goldmann applanation tonometers. Ophthal. Physiol. Opt. 16, 171-177.
28. McCaghrey, G. E. and Matthews, F. E. (2001) The Pulsair 3000 tonometer - how many readings need to be taken to ensure accuracy of the average? Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt. 21, 334-338.
29. Morgan, A. and Hosking, S. (2001) Ocular blood flow tonometer reproducibility: the effect of operator experience and mode of application. Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt. 21, 401-406.
30. Mori, F. (2003) Pulsatile ocular blood flow and choroidal blood flow in age-related macular degeneration. Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi 107, 674-677.
31. Mori, F., Konno, S., Hikichi, T., Yamaguchi, Y., Ishiko, S. and Yoshida, A. (2001a) Factors affecting pulsatile ocular blood flow in normal subjects. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 85, 529-530.
32. Mori, F., Konno, S., Hikichi, T., Yamaguchi, Y., Ishiko, S. and Yoshida, A. (2001b) Pulsatile ocular blood flow study: decreases in exudative age related macular degeneration. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 85, 531-533.
33. Quaranta, L., Manni, G., Donato, F. and Bucci, M. G. (1994) The effect of increased intraocular pressure on pulsatile ocular blood flow in low tension glaucoma. Surv. Ophthalmol. 38 (Suppl.), S177-S181.
34. Rao, V. J., Gnanaraj, L., Mitchell, K. W. and Figueiredo, F. C. (2001) Clinical comparison of ocular blood flow tonometer, Tonopen, and Goldmann applanation tonometer for measuring intraocular pressure in postkeratoplasty eyes. Cornea 20, 834-838.
35. Realini, T. and Lovelace, K. (2003) Measuring central corneal thickness with ultrasound pachymetry. Optom. Vis. Sci. 80, 437-439.
36. Savage, H. I., Hendrix, J. W., Peterson, D. C., Young, H. and Wilkinson, C. P. (2004) Differences in pulsatile ocular blood flow among three classi.cations of diabetic retinopathy. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 45, 4504-4509.
37. Silver, D. M. and Farrell, R. A. (1994) Validity of pulsatile ocular blood flow measurements. Surv. Ophthalmol. 38 (Suppl.), S72-S80.
38. Tonnu, P. A., Ho, T., Sharma, K., White, E., Bunce, C. and Garway-Heath, D. (2005) A comparison of four methods of tonometry: method agreement and interobserver variability. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 89, 847-850.
39. Tsai, C. C., Kau, H. C., Kao, S. C., Lin, M. W., Hsu, W. M., Liu, J. H. and Wei, Y. H. (2005) Pulsatile ocular blood flow in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy. Eye 19, 159-162.
40. Tsai, C. C., Kau, H. C., Tsai, H. H., Kao, S. C. and Hsu, W. H. (2006) Pulsatile ocular blood flow change after treatment with systemic steroid in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy. Eye 20, 1025-1029.
41. Whitacre, M. M. and Stein, R. (1993) Sources of error with use of Goldmann-type tonometers. Surv. Ophthalmol. 38, 1-30.
42. Wong, E. and Yap, M. K. H. (1991) Factors affecting ocular rigidity in the Chinese. Clin. Exp. Optom. 74, 156-159.
43. Yang, Y. C., Hulbert, M. F., Batterbury, M. and Clearkin, L. G. (1997) Pulsatile ocular blood flow measurements in healthy eyes: reproducibility and reference values. J. Glaucoma 6, 175-179.
44. Yang, Y. C., Illango, B., Cook, A. and Batterbury, M. (2000) Intraocular pressure and pulse rate measurements by the OBF tonograph - comparison to reference instruments. Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt. 20, 401-407.
45. Zhang, M. Z., Fu, Z. F., Liu, X. R. and Zheng, C. (2004) [A comparison study of pulsatile ocular blood flow in normal eyes and primary open angle glaucoma.] Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 40, 250-253.