The meaning of 'race': Folk conceptions and the new biology of race

Journal of Philosophy

Volumn 102, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 94-106

  Andreasen, Robin O ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33847143378     PISSN: 0022362X     EISSN: 19398549     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5840/jphil200510222     Document Type: Review

References (35)

1. Michael Banton and Jonathan Harwood, The Race Concept (London: David & Charles, 1975)
2. Audrey Smedley, Race in North America (Boulder: Westview, 1993)
3. David Goldberg, Racist Culture (Cambridge: Blackwell, 1993)
4. Anthony Appiah, "Race, Culture, Identity," in Color Conscious (Princeton: University Press, 1996), pp. 30-105
5. Frank Livingstone, "On the Nonexistence of Human Races," Current Anthropology, III, 3 (June 1962): 279-81
6. Richard Lewontin, "The Apportionment of Human Diversity," in Theodosius Dobzhansky et al., eds, Evolutionary Biology 6 (New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1972), pp. 381-98
7. Andreasen, "A New Perspective on the Race Debate," British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, XLIX, 2 (June 1998): 199-225
8. Andreasen, "Race: Biological Reality or Social Construct?" Philosophy of Science, LXVII, 3S (September 2000): S653-66
9. Andreasen, "The Cladistic Race Concept: A Defense," Biology and Philosophy, XIX (June 2004): 425-42
10. Kitcher, "Race, Ethnicity, Biology, Culture," in Leonard Harris, ed., Racism (Amherst, NY: Humanity, 1999), pp. 87-120
11. Masatoshi Nei and Arun Roychoudhury, "Evolutionary Relationships of Human Populations on a Global Scale," Molecular Biology and Evolution, x, 5 (1993): 927-43
12. H. B. Shaffer and Mark McKnight, "Polytypic Species Revisited," Evolution, I, 1 (1996): 417-33
13. John Legge et al., "Genetic Criteria for Establishing Evolutionarily Significant Units in Cryans Buckmoth," Conservation Biology, x, 1 (1996): 85-98
14. Neil Risch et al., "Categorization of Humans in Biomedical Research: Genes, Race and Disease," Genome Biology, III, 7 (September 2002): 1-12
15. Noah Rosenberg et al., "Genetic Structure of Human Populations," Science, CCXCVIII (December 2002): 2381-85
16. Michael Bamshad and Steve Olson, "Does Race Exist," Scientific American, CCLXXXIX, 6 (December 2003): 78-85
17. Figure 2 is from L. L. Cavalli-Sforza et al., The History and Geography of Human Genes (Princeton: University Press, 1994), p. 80
18. For similar models, see Nei and Roychoudhury; Linda Vigilant et al., "African Populations and the Evolution of Human Mitochondrial DNA," Science, CCLIII (September 1991): 1503-07
19. Allan Wilson and Rebecca Cann, "The Recent African Genesis of Humans," Scientific American, CCLXVI, 4 (April 1992): 68-73
20. "On the New Biology of Race," this JOURNAL, C, 9 (September 2003): 456-74
21. It is sometimes assumed that genealogical entities are not NKs. See Richard Boyd, "Homeostasis, Species, and Higher Taxa," in Robert Wilson, ed., Species (Cambridge: MIT, 1999), pp. 141-85, for an explanation of their compatibility
22. Andreasen, "New Perspective," and "Race."
23. Andreasen, "Race," and "Cladistic Race Concept."
24. Banton and Harwood, pp. 13-42; Goldberg
25. Kitcher, "Race"; Michael Hardimon, "The Ordinary Concept of Race," this JOURNAL, C, 9 (September 2003): 437-55
26. Though Glasgow adds that the groups identified differ from cladistic races because they include some ethnic and national groups, the reader should be aware that, according to many scholars, ethnic and national groups are not racial groups. See, for example, Goldberg; Michael Omi and Howard Winant, Racial Formation in the United States, Second Edition (New York: Routledge, 1994)
27. Lewontin, "Apportionment"; Appiah, pp. 71-74
28. See Andreasen, "New Perspective," "Race," and "Cladistic Race Concept" for some responses
29. See also Appiah.
30. Omi and Winant; Smedley; Goldberg; Lawrence Wright, "One Drop of Blood," The New Yorker (July 25, 1994): 46-55
31. Andreasen, "New Perspective."
32. Andreasen, "Race."
33. Scott Atran, Cognitive Foundations of Natural History (New York: Cambridge, 1990)
34. See Atran; Dupré, The Disorder of Things (Cambridge: Harvard, 1993)
35. See Atran