Evaluation of a mass distribution programme for fine-mesh impregnated bednets against visceral leishmaniasis in eastern Sudan

Tropical Medicine and International Health

Volumn 12, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 404-414

  Ritmeijer, Koert ^a   Davies, Clive ^b   Van Zorge, Ruth ^a   Wang, Shr Jie ^a   Schorscher, Judy ^a   Dongu'du, Salah Ibrahim ^a   Davidson, Robert N ^a  

^a MÉDECINS SANS FRONTIÈRES   (Switzerland)

^b LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Insecticide impregnated bednets; Kala azar; Sudan; Visceral leishmaniasis

Indexed keywords

DISEASE INCIDENCE; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIC; HEALTH RISK; INSECTICIDE; LEISHMANIASIS; MOSQUITO; REGRESSION ANALYSIS;

ARTICLE; BED NET; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; EVALUATION; HEALTH PROGRAM; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INSECT BITE; LEISHMANIASIS; MOSQUITO; REGRESSION ANALYSIS;

ADULT; BEDDING AND LINENS; CHILD; COSTS AND COST ANALYSIS; ENDEMIC DISEASES; EQUIPMENT FAILURE; HUMANS; INSECT BITES AND STINGS; INSECTICIDES; LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL; POPULATION SURVEILLANCE; PROGRAM EVALUATION; RURAL HEALTH; SEASONS; SUDAN;

AFRICA; EAST AFRICA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; SUDAN;

NASO HEXACANTHUS;

EID: 33847140181     PISSN: 13602276     EISSN: 13653156     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01807.x     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Alten B, Caglar SS, Kaynas S & Simsek FM (2003) Evaluation of protective efficacy of K-OTAB impregnated bednets for cutaneous leishmaniasis control in Southeast Anatolia-Turkey. Journal of Vector Ecolocy 28, 53-64.
2. Bern C, Joshi AB, Jha SN et al. (2000) Factors associated with visceral leishmaniasis in Nepal: bed-net use is strongly protective. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 63, 184-188.
3. Bern C, Hightower AW, Chowdhury R et al. (2005), Risk factors for kala-azar in Bangladesh. Emerging Infectious Diseases 11, 655-662.
4. Curtis CF, Myamba J & Wilkes TJ (1996) Comparison of different insecticides and fabrics for anti-mosquito bednets and curtains. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 10, 1-11.
5. El-Safi SH, Bucheton B & Kheir MM et al. (2002) Epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis in Atbara River area, eastern Sudan: the outbreak of Barbar El Fugara village (1996-1997). Microbes and Infection 4, 1439-1447.
6. Elnaiem DA (1996) Use of pyrethroid impregnated bednets for control of visceral leishmaniasis in eastern Sudan. Final Report (WHO ID L3/1881/47). World Health Organisation, Geneva.
7. Elnaiem DA, Hassan HK & Ward RD (1997) Phlebotomine sandflies in a focus of visceral leishmaniasis in a border area of eastern Sudan. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 91, 307-318.
8. Elnaiem DA, Elnahas AM & Aboud MA (1999) Protective efficacy of lambdacyhalothrin-impregnated bednets against Phlebotomus orientalis, the vector of visceral leishmaniasis in Sudan. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 13, 310-314.
9. Elnaiem DA, Ward RD, Hassan HK, Miles MA & Frame IA (1998b) Infection rates of Leishmania donovani in Phlebotomus orientalis from a focus of visceral leishmaniasis in eastern Sudan. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 92, 229-232.
10. Elnaiem DA & Osman OF (1998c) Evidence for active transmission of visceral leishmaniasis within a village in eastern Sudan. Acta Tropica 71, 305-309.
11. Elnaiem DA, Schorscher J, Bendall A et al. (2003) Risk mapping of visceral leishmaniasis: the role of local variation in rainfall and altitude on the presence and incidence of kala-azar in eastern Sudan. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 68, 10-17.
12. Giha HA, Rosthoj S, Dodoo D et al. (2000) The epidemiology of febrile malaria episodes in an area of unstable and seasonal transmission. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 94, 645-651.
13. Graham K, Kayedi MH, Maxwell C et al. (2005) Multi-country field trials comparing wash-resistance of PermaNet and conventional insecticide-treated nets against anopheline and culicine mosquitoes. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 19, 72-83.
14. Hassan MM, Elraba'a FM, Ward RD, Maingon RD & Elnaiem DA (2004) Detection of high rates of in-village transmission of Leishmania donovani in eastern Sudan. Acta Tropica 92, 77-82.
15. Khalil EAG, Zijlstra EE, Kager PA & El Hassan AM (2002) Epidemiology and clinical manifestations of Leishmania donovani infection in two villages in an endemic area in eastern Sudan. Tropical Medicine and International Health 7, 35-44.
16. Lambert M, Dereure J, El-Safi SH et al. (2002) The sandfly fauna in the visceral-leishmaniasis focus of Gedaref, in the Atbara-River area of eastern Sudan. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 96, 631-6.
17. Lengeler C (2004) Insecticide-treated bed nets and curtains for preventing malaria. Cochrane Database System Review 2, CD000363.
18. Pardo RH, Carvajal A, Ferro C & Davies CR (2006) Effect of knowledge and economic status on sandfly control activities by householders at risk of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the sub-andean region of Huila department, Colombia. Biomedica 26(Suppl 1), 167-179.
19. Reyburn H, Ashford R, Mohsen M, Hewitt S & Rowland M (2000) A randomized controlled trial of insecticide-treated bednets and chaddars or top sheets, and residual spraying of interior rooms for the prevention of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Kabul, Afghanistan. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 94, 361-366.
20. Ritmeijer K & Davidson RN (2003) Médecins Sans Frontières interventions against kala-azar in the Sudan, 1989-2003. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 97, 609-613.
21. Schorscher J (1999) The search for a sandfly-proof bed net with maximum ventilation as a protection against vectors of visceral leishmaniasis in Sudan. MSF-Holland, Amsterdam.
22. Tayeh A, Jalouk L & Al Khiami AM (1997) A cutaneous leishmaniasis control trial using pyrethroid-impregnated bednets in villages near Aleppo, Syria (WHO/LEISH/97.41). World Health Organisation, Geneva.
23. Zijlstra EE & El Hassan AM (2001) Leishmaniasis in Sudan: 3. Visceral leishmaniasis. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 95 (Suppl. 1), 27-58.
24. Zijlstra EE, El Hassan AM, Ismael A & Ghalib HW (1994) Endemic kala-azar in eastern Sudan: a longitudinal study on the incidence of clinical and subclinical infection and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 51, 826-836.