Management of postoperative pain in children

Archives of Disease in Childhood: Education and Practice Edition

Volumn 92, Issue 1, 2007, Pages

  Morton, Neil S ^a  

^a ROYAL HOSPITAL FOR SICK CHILDREN   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ALFENTANIL; ANALGESIC AGENT; BUPIVACAINE; BUPRENORPHINE; CLONIDINE; CODEINE; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2 INHIBITOR; DIAMORPHINE; DICLOFENAC; FENTANYL; HYDROMORPHONE; KETAMINE; LOCAL ANESTHETIC AGENT; MORPHINE; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID RECEPTOR; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; OPIATE DERIVATIVE; OXYCODONE; PARACETAMOL; PETHIDINE; REMIFENTANIL; ROPIVACAINE; SUBSTANCE P; SUFENTANIL; TRAMADOL;

ANALGESIA; ANTIPYRETIC ACTIVITY; ASTHMA; BLADDER SPASM; BLEEDING; BONE MARROW SUPPRESSION; CLINICAL PRACTICE; CLINICAL TRIAL; DISEASE SEVERITY; DRUG ABSORPTION; DRUG BIOAVAILABILITY; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG HALF LIFE; DRUG HYPERSENSITIVITY; DRUG INHIBITION; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG SAFETY; EDEMA; FRACTURE HEALING; GASTROINTESTINAL TOXICITY; HUMAN; INTESTINAL SPASM; LIVER TOXICITY; LUNG TOXICITY; META ANALYSIS; MUSCLE SPASM; NEPHROTOXICITY; NEUROTOXICITY; PAIN ASSESSMENT; POSTOPERATIVE ANALGESIA; POSTOPERATIVE PAIN; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROPHYLAXIS; PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHESIS; REVIEW; SINGLE DRUG DOSE; SKELETAL MUSCLE SPASM; SKIN TOXICITY; STEVENS JOHNSON SYNDROME; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TREATMENT DURATION; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT; VISUAL ANALOG SCALE;

ANALGESICS; ANESTHETICS, LOCAL; CHILD; HUMANS; PAIN MEASUREMENT; PAIN, POSTOPERATIVE;

EID: 33847029569     PISSN: 17430585     EISSN: 17430593     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/adc.2004.070888     Document Type: Review

References (47)

1. Howard RF. Planning for pain relief. Bailliere's Clin Anaesthesiol 1996;10:657-75.
2. Morton NS. Acute paediatric pain management: a practical guide. London: WB Saunders, 1998.
3. RCPCH. Prevention and control of pain in children. London: BMJ Publishing Group, 1997.
4. BNFc. British National Formulary for Children 2005. London: BMJ Publishing Group, 2005.
5. Lonnqvist PA, Morton NS. Postoperative analgesia in infants and children. Br J Anaesth 2005;95:59-68.
6. Finley GA, McGrath PJ. Measurement of pain in infants and children. Seattle: IASP Press, 1998.
7. Gaffney A, McGrath PJ, Dick B. Measuring pain in children: developmental and instrument issues. In: Schechter NL, Berde CB, Yaster M, eds. Pain in infants, children, and adolescents. 2nd edn. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2003:128-41.
8. Hunt A, Mastroyannopoulou K, Goldman A, et al. Not knowing: the problem of pain in children with severe neurological impairment. Int J Nurs Stud 2003;40:171-83.
9. Malviya S, Voepel-Lewis T, Burke C, et al. The revised FLACC observational pain tool: improved reliability and validity for pain assessment in children with cognitive impairment. Pediatr Anesth [in press].
10. Dalens B. Regional anesthesia in infants, children and adolescents. London: Williams & Wilkins Waverly Europe, 1995.
11. Berde C. Local anaesthetics in infants and children: an update. Paediatr Anaesth 2004;14:387-93.
12. Bosenberg A. Pediatric regional anesthesia update. Paediatr Anaesth 2004;14:398-402.
13. 13 Mazoit JX, Dalens BJ. Pharmacokinetics of local anaesthetics in infants and children. Clin Pharmacokinet 2004;43:17-32.
14. Bosenberg AT, Cronje L, Thomas J, et al. Ropivacaine plasma levels and postoperative analgesia in neonates and infants during 48-72 h continuous epidural infusion following major surgery. Paediatr Anaestri 2003;13:851-2.
15. Bosenberg AT, Thomas J, Lopez T, et al. Plasma concentrations of ropivacaine following a single-shot caudal block of 1, 2 or 3 mg/kg in children. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2001;45:1276-80.
16. Chalkiadis GA, Eyres RL, Cranswick N, et al. Pharmacokinetics of levobupivacaine 0.25% following caudal administration in children under 2 years of age. Br J Anaesth 2004;92:218-22.
17. Morton NS. Ropivacaine in children. Br J Anaesth 2000;85:344-6.
18. Mortal NS. Local and regional anaesthesia in infants. Continuing education in anaesthesia. Crit Care Pain 2004;4:148-51.
19. Ansermino M, Basu R, Vandebeek C, et al. Nonopioid additives to local anaesthetics for caudal blockade in children: a systematic review. Paediatr Anaesth 2003;13:561-73.
20. Koinig H, Marhofer P. S(+)-Ketamine in paediatric anaesthesia. Paediatr Anaesth 2003;13:185-7.
21. RCPCH. Medicines for children 2003. London: RCPCH, 2003.
22. Berde CB, Sethna NF. Drug therapy: analgesics for the treatment of pain in children. N Engl J Med 2002;347:1094-103.
23. Kokki H. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for postoperative pain: a focus on children. Paediatr Drugs 2003;5:103-23.
24. RCA. Guidelines for the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the perioperative period. London: Royal College of Anaesthetists, 1998.
25. Krishna S, Hughes LF, Lin SY. Postoperative hemorrhage with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use after tonsillectomy. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2003;129:1086-9.
26. Moiniche S, Romsing J, Dahl J, et al. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and the risk of operative site bleeding after tonsillectomy: a quantitative systematic review. Anesth Analg 2003;96:68-77.
27. Short JA, Barr CA, Palmer CD, et al. Use of diclofenac in children with asthma. Anaesthesia 2000;55:334-7.
28. Edwards DJ, Prescella RP, Fratarelli DA, et al. Pharmacokinetics of rofecoxib in children. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2004;75:73.
29. Pickering AE, Bridge HS, Nolan J, et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled analgesic study of ibuprofen or rofecoxib in combination with paracetamol for tonsillectomy in children. Br J Anaesth 2002;88:72-7.
30. St Rose E, Fernandiz M, Kiss M, et al. Steady-state plasma concentrations of rofecoxib in children (ages 2-5 years) with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2001;44:S291.
31. Stempak D, Gammon J, Klein J, et al. Single-dose and steady-state pharmacokinetics of celecoxib in children. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2002;72:490-7.
32. Turner S, Ford V. Role of the selective cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitors in children. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 2004;89:ep46- 9.
33. Vallee E, Lafrenaye S, Dorion D. Rofecoxib in pain control after tonsillectomy in children. Pain 2004;5:S84.
34. Chandrasekharan NV, Dai H, Lamar Turepo Roos K, et al. COX-3, a cyclooxygenase-1 variant inhibited by acetaminophen and other analgesic/ antipyretic drugs: cloning, structure, and expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002;99:13926-31.
35. Schwab JM, Schluesener HJ, Meyermann R, et al. COX-3 the enzyme and the concept: seps towards highly specialized pathways and precision therapeutics? Prostaglandin, Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2003;69:339-43.
36. Anderson BJ. Comparing the efficacy of NSAIDs and paracetamol in children. Paediatr Anaesth 2004;14:201-17.
37. Korpela R, Korvenoja P, Meretoja O. Morphine-sparing effect of acetaminophen in pediatric day-case surgery. Anesthesiology 1999;91:442-7.
38. McQuay H, Moore A. An evidence-based resource for pain relief. Oxford: Oxford Medical Publications, 1998.
39. Anderson B. What we don't know about paracetamol in children. Paediatr Anaesth 1998;8:451-60.
40. Anderson B, Lin YC, Sussman H, et al. Paracetamol pharmacokinetics in the premature neonate; the problem with limited data. Paediatr Anaesth 1998;8:442-3.
41. Anderson BJ, Holford NHG. Rectal paracetamol dosing regimens: determination by computer simulation. Paediatr Anaesth 1997;7:451-5.
42. Anderson BJ, Meakin GH. Scaling for size: some implications for paediatric anaesthesia dosing. Paediatr Anaesth 2002;12:205-19.
43. Arana A, Morton NS, Hansen TG. Treatment with paracetamol in infants. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2001;45:20-9.
44. Autret EDJ, Jonville AP, Furet Y, et al. Pharmacokinetics of paracetamol in the neonate and infant after administration of propacetamol chlorhydrate. Dev Pharmacol Ther 1993;20:129-34.
45. Morton NS, Peutrell JM. Paediatric anaesthesia and critical care in the district hospital: a practical guide. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann Medical, 2003.
46. Morton NS, Raine PAM. Paediatric day case surgery. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.
47. Morton NS. Practical paediatric day case anaesthesia and analgesia. In: Millar J, eds. Practical day case anaesthesia. Oxford: Bios Scientific Publications Ltd, 1997:141-52.