Britain and individual employment rights: 'Paper tigers, fierce in appearance but missing in tooth and claw'

Economic and Industrial Democracy

Volumn 28, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 110-139

  Pollert, Anna ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST OF ENGLAND   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Advice; Employment law; Government; Problem; Support; Tribunal

Indexed keywords

EID: 33846946165     PISSN: 0143831X     EISSN: 14617099     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0143831X07073031     Document Type: Review

References (94)

1. ACAS (Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Services) (2004) Annual Report and Resource Accounts, 2003/04. London: ACAS.
2. Barnard, C., S. Deakin and R. Hobbs (2003a) 'Fog in the Channel, Continent Isolated: Britain as a Model for EU Social and Economic Policy?', Industrial Relations Journal 34 (5). 461 - 476.
3. Barnard, C., S. Deakin and R. Hobbs (2003b) 'Opting out of the 48-Hour Week: Employer Necessity or Individual Choice? An Empirical Study of the Operation of Article 18(1) (b) of the Working Time Directive in the UK', Industrial Law Journal 32 (4). 223 - 252.
4. Blackburn, R. and M. Hart (2002) Small Firms' Awareness and Knowledge of Individual Employment Rights, Employment Relations Research Series, No. 14. London: Department of Trade and Industry.
5. Bogg, A.L. (2005) 'Employment Relations Act 2004: Another False Dawn for Collectivism?', Industrial Law Journal 34 (1). 72 - 82.
6. Brown, W. (2004) 'The Future of Collectivism in the Regulation of Industrial Relations', Human Resources and Employment Review 2 (4). 196 - 201.
7. Brown, W., S. Deakin, M. Hudson, C. Pratten and P. Ryan (1998) The Individualisation of Employment Contracts in Britain, Employment Relations Research Series, No. 4. London: Department of Trade and Industry.
8. Bryson, A. and D. Wilkinson (2001) Collective Bargaining and Workplace Performance: An Investigation Using the Workplace Employee Relations Survey 1998, Employment Relations Research Series, No. 12. London: Department of Trade and Industry.
9. Burgess, S., C. Propper and D. Wilson (2001) Explaining the Growth in the Number of Applications to Industrial Tribunals, 1972-1997, Employment Relations Research Series, No. 10. London: Department of Trade and Industry.
10. Burkitt, N. (2001) Workers Rights and Wrongs: A New Approach to Employment Rights and Support for Employers. London: Institute for Public Policy Research.
11. Burkitt, N. and R. Dunstan (2001) 'Enforce Workers' Rights', New Statesman 22 January.
12. Cabinet Office (2002) Better Regulation Task Force, Employment Regulation: Striking a Balance. London: Cabinet Office, updated 20 December 2005; at www.brtf.gov.uk/
13. CBI (Confederation of British Industry) (2005) A Matter of Confidence: Restoring Faith in Employment Tribunals. London: CBI.
14. Chapman, C. (2004) 'Employment Tribunal Reforms: An Integral Part of Workplace Dispute Resolution or an Economy Measure?', paper presented to the Industrial Law Society Spring Conference, May ; at: www.industriallawsociety. org.uk/papers/chapmanpaper.html
15. Citizens Advice (2001a) Improving Employment Dispute Resolution: The CAB Service's Response. London: National Association of Citizens Advice Bureau.
16. Citizens Advice (2001b) Fairness and Enterprise: The CAB Service's Case for a Fair Employment Commission. London: National Association of Citizens Advice Bureau.
17. Citizens Advice (2003) Citizens Advice Annual Report 2003/04. London: Citizens Advice Bureau.
18. Citizens Advice (2004a) Employment Tribunals: The Intimidatory Use of Costs Threats by Employers' Legal Representatives, March CAB Evidence. London: Citizens Advice Bureau.
19. Citizens Advice (2004b) Geography of Advice: An Overview of the Challenges Facing the Community Legal Service, February, Evidence Report. London: Citizens Advice Bureau.
20. Citizens Advice (2004c) The Paperless Waiting Room, April Evidence. London: Citizens Advice Bureau.
21. Citizens Advice (2004d) Empty Justice: The Non-Payment of Employment Tribunal Awards, September CAB Evidence. London: Citizens Advice Bureau.
22. Citizens Advice (2004e) Somewhere to Turn: The Case for a Fair Employment Commission, CAB Briefing October. London: Citizens Advice Bureau.
23. Citizens Advice (2004f) Citizens Advice Annual Report 2003/04. London: Citizens Advice Bureau.
24. Citron, J. (1989) The Citizens Advice Bureaux, for the Community, by the Community. London: Pluto Press.
25. Colling, T. (2004) 'No Claim, No Pain? The Privatization of Dispute Resolution in Britain', Economic and Industrial Democracy 25 (4). 555 - 579.
26. Consumers' Association (2000) The Community Legal Service: Access for All? London: Consumers' Association.
27. Crouch, C. (1993) Industrial Relations and European State Traditions. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
28. Cully, M. and S. Woodland (1999) 'Trade Union Membership and Recognition, 1997-1998', Labour Market Trends 106: 343 - 351.
29. Cully, M., S. Woodland, A. O'Reilly and G. Dix (1999) Britain at Work as Depicted by the 1998 Workplace Employee Relations Survey. London: Routledge.
30. Dickens, L. (2000) 'Doing More with Less: ACAS and Individual Conciliations', pp. 76 - 91 in B. Towers and W. Brown (eds) Employment Relations in Britain: 25 Years of the Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service. Oxford: Blackwell.
31. Dickens, L., M. Jones, B. Weekes and M. Hart (1985) Dismissed: A Study of Unfair Dismissal and the Industrial Tribunal System. Oxford: Blackwell.
32. DTI (Department of Trade and Industry) (2001a) Routes to Resolution: Improving Dispute Resolution in Britain, Consultation Document, July. London: DTI.
33. DTI (Department of Trade and Industry) (2001b) Regulatory Impact Assessment: Employment Bill 2001. London: DTI.
34. DTI (Department of Trade and Industry) (2001c) Routes to Resolution: Improving Dispute Resolution in Britain, Government Response, November. London: DTI.
35. DTI (Department of Trade and Industry) (2002) Findings from the 1998 Survey of Employment Tribunal Applications, Employment Relations Research Series, No. 13. London: DTI.
36. DTI (Department of Trade and Industry) (2004) Findings from the Survey of Employment Tribunal Applications 2003, Employment Relations Series No. 33. London: DTI.
37. DTI (Department of Trade and Industry) (2006) Trade Union Membership 2005, Employment Market Analysis and Research, March 2006. London: DTI, National Statistics.
38. Dundon, T. and D. Rollinson (2004) Employment Relations in Non-Union Firms. London: Routledge.
39. Earnshaw, J., J. Goodman, R. Harrison and M. Marchington (1998) Industrial Tribunals, Workplace Disciplinary Procedures, and Employment Practice, Employment Relations Research Series, No. 2. London: DTI.
40. Edwards, P., M. Ram and J. Black (2003) The Impact of Employment Legislation on Small Firms: A Case Study Analysis, Employment Relations Research Series, No. 20. London: DTI.
41. EIRO (European Industrial Relations Observatory) (2002) 'Government and Social Partners Sign Pact for Italy', July; at: www.eiro.eurofound.ie/2002/07/ feature/it0207104f.html
42. EIRO (European Industrial Relations Observatory) (2003) Country: Austria. 'Government Challenges Social Partnership' ; at: www.eiro.eurofound.eu.int/ 2003/05/feature/at0305202f.html
43. EIRO (European Industrial Relations Observatory) (2005) 'Commission to Withdraw a Range of Proposals' (Id: EU0510201N). at: www.eiro.eurofound.eu.int/ 2005/10/inbrief/eu0510201n.html
44. ETS (Employment Tribunals Services) (2003) Annual Report and Accounts, 2002-2003. London: DTI.
45. ETS (Employment Tribunals Services) (2004) Annual Report and Accounts, 2003-2004. London: DTI.
46. ETS (Employment Tribunals Service) (2006) Annual Report and Accounts 2005-2006. London: The Stationery Office, Employment Tribunals Service/DTI (Department of Trade and Industry).
47. Ewing, K. (2003) 'Labour Law and Industrial Relations', pp. 138 - 160 in P. Ackers and A. Wilkinson (eds) Understanding Work and Employment: Industrial Relations in Transition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
48. Fox, A. (1985) History and Heritage. London: Allen and Unwin.
49. Gallie, D., M. White, Y. Cheng and M. Tomlinson (1998) Restructuring the Employment Relationship. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
50. Genn, H. (1999) Paths to Justice: What People Do and Think About Going to the Law. Oxford and Portland, OR: Hart Publishing.
51. Grahl, J. and P. Teague (2003) 'The Eurozone and Financial Integration: The Employment Relations Issues', Industrial Relations Journal 34 (5). 396 - 410.
52. Hall, S. (2003) 'New Labour's Double-Shuffle', Soundings 24 - 24.
53. Hepple, B. (2003) 'Enforcement: The Law and Politics of Cooperation and Compliance', pp. 238 - 257 in B. Hepple (ed.) Social and Labour Rights in a Global Context: International and Comparative Perspectives. Cambridge: CambridgeUniversityPress.
54. Hepple, B. and G. Morris (2002) 'The Employment Act 2002 and the Crisis of Individual Employment Rights', Industrial Law Journal 31: 245 - 2269.
55. Hyman, R. (1997) 'The Future of Employee Representation', British Journal of Industrial Relations 35 (3) 309 - 336.
56. IDS (Income Data Services) (2002) Resolving Employment Disputes-Getting Your Head Round the Revolving Statistics, IDS Brief 705. London: IDS.
57. Joint Committee on Human Rights (2002a) Twelfth Report, United Kingdom Parliament.
58. Joint Committee on Human Rights (2002b) Eighteenth Report, United Kingdom Parliament.
59. Kersley, B., C. Alpin, J. Forth, A. Bryson, H. Bewley, G. Dix and S. Oxenbridge (2006) Inside the Workplace: Findings from the 2004 Workplace Employment Relations Survey, DTI, ESRC, Acas, PSI. London: Routledge.
60. Kok, W. (2004) Facing the Challenge: The Lisbon Strategy for Growth and Employment, Report from the High Level Group chaired by Wim Kok. Luxembourg: Office for the Official Publications of the European Communities; at: europa.eu.int/growthandjobs/pdf/kok_report_en.pdf
61. LAG (Legal Action Group) (2001) Briefing: Changes to Employment Tribunal Costs Rules. London: LAG.
62. Lairg, Lord Irvine of (1996) 'The Legal System and Law Reform under Labour', pp. 4 - 29 in D. Bean (ed.) Law Reform for All. London: Blackstones.
63. Law Society (2002) Access Denied, July. London: The Law Society.
64. Leggatt, Sir Andrew (2001) Report of the Review of Tribunals by Sir Andrew Leggatt: Tribunals for Users-One System, One Service. London: The Tribunals Service Programme, Department for Constitutional Affairs.
65. Lord Chancellor's Department (1998) White Paper, Modernising Justice: The Government's Plans for Reforming Legal Services and the Courts, Cm 4155; at: www.open.gov.uk/lcd
66. LSC (Legal Services Commission) (2002) Legal Services Commission Annual Report, 2001-2002. London: The Stationery Office.
67. McCarthy, W. (1992) 'The Rise and Fall of Collective Laissez Faire', pp. 1 - 78 in W. McCarthy (ed.) Legal Intervention in Industrial Relations: Gains and Losses. Oxford: Blackwell.
68. McCarthy, Lord (2002) House of Lords debates, 26 February. Hansard.
69. McKay, S. (2001) 'Shifting the Focus from Tribunals to the Workplace', Industrial Law Journal 30 (3). 331 - 333.
70. Meager, N., C. Tyers, S. Perryman, J. Rick and R. Willison (2002) Awareness, Knowledge and Exercise of Individual Employment Rights, Employment Relations Research Series, No. 15. London: DTI.
71. National Statistics (2003) Internet Access, Individuals and Households, December; at: www.statistics.gov.uk/pdfdir/intc1203.pdf
72. Neathey, F. and J. Arrowsmith (2001) Implementation of the Working Time Regulations, Employment Relations Research Series, No. 11. London: DTI.
73. Pleasence, P., A. Buck, N. Balmer, A. O'Grady, H. Genn and M. Smith (2004) Causes of Action: Civil Law and Social Justice, Legal Services Commission. London: TSO.
74. Pochet, P. (2005) 'The Open Method of Co-ordination and the Construction of Social Europe: A Historical Perspective', pp. 1 - 53 in J. Zeitlin and P. Pochet with Lars Magnusson (eds) The Open Method of Co-ordination in Action: The European Employment and Social Inclusion Strategies. Brussels: PIE-Peter Lang.
75. Pollert, A. (2000) 'Ten Years of Post-Communist Central Eastern Europe: Labour's Tenuous Foothold in the Regulation of the Employment Relationship', Economic and Industrial Democracy 21 (2). 183 - 210.
76. Pollert, A. (2006) 'What do Unrepresented Workers do about Problems at Work?', Working Paper 5, ESRC project 'The Unorganised Worker: Routes to Support, Views on Representation' at: www.workinglives.org/esrc.htmal
77. Regini, M. (2003) 'Tripartite Concertation and Varieties of Capitalism', European Journal of Industrial Relations 9 (3). 251 - 263.
78. Richard, J. (1989) 50 Years of the CAB. London: Citizens Advice Bureau.
79. Russell, C. and D. Eyers (2002) Clutching at Straws, Rights at Work, Briefing Paper No. 53. Birmingham: West Midlands Employment and Low Pay Unit.
80. Select Committee on Constitutional Affairs (2004) Constitutional Affairs Fourth Report, House of Commons, July. London: TSO ; at: www.parliament.the- stationery-office.co.uk/pa/cm200304/cmselect/cmconst/391/39106.htm
81. Schäfer. A. (2006) 'A New Form of Governance? Comparing the Open Method of Co-ordination to Multilateral Surveillance by the IMF and the OECD', Journal of European Public Policy 13 (1). 70 - 88.
82. Smith, P. and G. Morton (2001) 'New Labour's Reform of Britain's Employment Law: The Devil is not only in the Detail but in the Values and Policy Too', British Journal of Industrial Relations 30 (1). 119 - 138.
83. Terry, M. (2003) 'Employee Representation', pp. 257 - 284 in P. Edwards (ed.) Industrial Relations: Theory and Practice, 2nd edn. Oxford: Blackwell.
84. The Guardian (2004) 'The Big Chill: No. 10's Manoeuvres to Block Labour Laws', 27 September.
85. Trubek, D.M. and L.G. Trubek, (2005) 'Hard and Soft Law in the Construction of Social Europe: The Role of the Open Method of Coordination', European Law Journal 11 (3). 345 - 364.
86. Trubek, D.M., P. Cottrell and M. Nance (2005) ' "Soft Law", "Hard Law" and European Integration: Towards a Theory of Hybridity', Jean Monet Working Paper No. 2; at: www.jeanmonnetprogram.org/papers/05/050201. html
87. TUC (Trades Union Congress) (2001) TUC Response to Government Consultation, 'Routes to Resolution: Improving Dispute Resolution in Britain', October. London: TUC.
88. TUC (Trades Union Congress) (2002) Focus on Employment Tribunals, Trade Union Trends survey 04/02. London: TUC.
89. Van Apeldoorn, B. (2000) 'Transnational Class Agency and European Governance: The Case of the European Round Table of Industrialists', New Political Economy 5 (2). 157 - 181.
90. Visser, J. (1999) 'Two Cheers for Corporatism, One for the Market', British Journal of Industrial Relations 36 (2). 262 - 292.
91. Waddington, J. (2005) 'Trade Unions and the Defence of the European Social Model', Industrial Relations Journal 36 (6). 518 - 540.
92. Wedderburn, Lord (1989) 'Freedom of Association and Philosophies of Labour Law', Industrial Law Journal 18 (1). 1 - 38.
93. Wedderburn, Lord (2002) House of Lords debates, 11 June. Hansard.
94. West Midlands Low Pay Unit (2001) Kept in the Dark? Individual Awareness of Employment Rights in the West Midlands, Briefing Paper No. 51. Birmingham: West Midlands Low Pay Unit.