Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in human milk from Italian women: Influence of cigarette smoking and residential area

Chemosphere

Volumn 67, Issue 7, 2007, Pages 1265-1274

  Zanieri, L ^a   Galvan, P ^a   Checchini, L ^a   Cincinelli, A ^a   Lepri, L ^a   Donzelli, G P ^a   Del Bubba, M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FLORENCE   (Italy)

Author keywords

Breast milk; Cigarette smoke; PAH; Rural areas; Toxic equivalent factors; Traffic; Urban areas

Indexed keywords

CONTAMINATION; METABOLISM; NUTRITION; POTABLE WATER; RISK ASSESSMENT; RURAL AREAS; TOXICITY;

BREAST MILK; CIGARETTE SMOKE; TOXIC EQUIVALENT FACTORS; URBAN AREAS;

POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS;

BENZO[A]PYRENE; DRINKING WATER; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON DERIVATIVE; TOBACCO SMOKE;

CONTAMINATION; METABOLISM; NUTRITION; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS; POTABLE WATER; RISK ASSESSMENT; RURAL AREAS; TOXICITY;

BREASTFEEDING; HEALTH RISK; METABOLISM; MILK; PAH; RESIDENTIAL LOCATION; RISK ASSESSMENT; RURAL-URBAN COMPARISON; SMOKING; TOXIC SUBSTANCE;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BREAST MILK; CIGARETTE SMOKING; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; DIETARY INTAKE; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FEMALE; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; HUMAN; ITALY; MILK LEVEL; RURAL AREA; SMOKING HABIT; URBAN AREA;

EURASIA; EUROPE; ITALY; SOUTHERN EUROPE; TUSCANY;

NICOTIANA TABACUM;

EID: 33846936823     PISSN: 00456535     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.12.011     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Biørset A., and Ramdahl T. Sources and emissions of PAH. In: Biørset A., and Ramdahl T. (Eds). Handbook of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons vol. 2 (1985), Marcel Dekker Inc., New York 1-112
2. Birkett J.W., and Lester J.N. Endocrine Disrupters in Wastewater and Sludge Treatment Processes (2003), Lewis Publishers and IWA Publishing, Boca Raton, FL, London, UK
3. Chu, M., Chen, C., 1984. Evaluation and estimation of potential carcinocenic risks of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. In: Symposium on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Workplace, Pacific Rim Risk Conference. Honolulu, HI.
4. Cincinelli A., Stefani A., Seniori Costantini S., and Lepri L. Characterization of n-alkanes and PAHs in PM10 samples in Prato (Italy). Ann. Chim. (Rome) 94 (2004) 281-293
5. Cincinelli A., Stortini A.M., Checchini L., Martellini T., Del Bubba M., and Lepri L. Enrichment of organic pollutants in the sea surface microlayer (SML) at Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica: influence of SML on superficial snow composition. J. Environ. Monitor. 7 (2005) 1305-1312
6. Del Bubba M., Zanieri L., Galvan P., Donzelli G.P., Checchini L., and Lepri L. Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and total fats in human milk. Ann. Chim. (Rome) 95 (2005) 629-641
7. Desideri P.G., Lepri L., Checchini L., and Santianni D. Organic compounds in Antarctic marine sediments. Ann. Chim. (Rome) 86 (1996) 215-227
8. Desideri P.G., Lepri L., Heimler D., Giannessi S., and Checchini L. Concentration, separation and determination of hydrocarbons in sea water. J. Chromatogr. A 284 (1984) 167-178
9. Forehand J.B., Dooly G.L., and Moldoveanu S.C. Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols and aromatic amines in particulate phase cigarette smoke using simultaneous distillation and extraction as a sole sample clean-up step. J. Chromatogr. A 898 (2000) 111-124
10. Gmeiner G., Stehlik G., and Tausch H. Determination of seventeen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in tobacco smoke condensate. J. Chromatogr. A 767 (1997) 163-169
11. Grova N., Feidt C., Crépineau C., Laurent C., Lafargue P.E., Hachimi A., and Rychen G. Detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon levels in milk collected near potential contamination sources. J. Agric. Food Chem. 50 (2002) 4640-4642
12. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Working Group, 1983. Polynuclear Aromatic Compounds, Part 1, Chemical, Environmental and Experimental Data. In: Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. vol. 32. IARC, Lyone, France, pp. 1-447.
13. Jensen A.A., and Slorach S.A. Chemical Contaminants in Human Milk (1991), CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, Florida
14. Keith L.H. Environmental Endocrine Disruptors: A Handbook of Property Data (1997), A Wiley-Interscience Publication; John Willey & Sons
15. Kishikawa N., Wada M., Kuroda N., Akiyama S., and Nakashima K. Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in milk samples by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J. Chromatogr. B 789 (2003) 257-264
16. Krewski D., Thorslund T., and Withey J. Carcinogenic risk assessment of complex mixtures. Toxicol. Ind. Health 5 (1989) 851-867
17. Lawrence R.A., and Lawrence R.M. Biochemistry of human milk. Breastfeeding: A Guide for the Medical Profession. fifth ed. (1998), C.V. Mosby Co., St. Louis, MO 95-159
18. Lechner W., Huber M., Bonn G.K., and Daxenbichler G. Analytik von polyzyklischen aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen in fetthaltigen biologischen Matrizes - Untersuchung der Belastung von Muttermilch auf Benz-a-pyren entlang der Transitstrecken Tirols. Wien. Klin. Worchenschr. 103 (1991) 88-90
19. Lee R.G.M., Coleman P., Jones J.L., Jones K.C., and Lohmann R. Emission factors and importance of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, PCNs, PAHs and PM10 from the domestic burning of coal and wood in the U.K. Environ. Sci. Technol. 39 (2005) 1436-1447
20. Lerario V.L., Giandomenico S., Lopez L., and Cardellicchio N. Sources and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments from the Mar Piccolo of Taranto, Ionian Sea, southern Italy. Ann Chim. (Rome) 93 (2003) 397-406
21. Li C.T., Lin Y.C., Lee W.J., and Tsai P.J. Emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their carcinogenic potencies from cooking sources to the urban atmosphere. Environ. Health Perspect. 111 (2003) 483-487
22. Li S., Olegario R.M., Banyasz J.L., and Shafer K.H. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in single puff of cigarette smoke. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol. 66 (2003) 155-163
23. Lodovici M., Dolara P., Canalini C., Ciappellano S., and Testolin G. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination in the Italian diet. Food Addit. Contam. 12 (1995) 707
24. Lodovici M., Venturini M., Marini E., Grechi D., and Dolora P. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons air levels in Florence, Italy, and their correlation with other air pollutants. Chemosphere 50 (2003) 377-382
25. Luck W., and Nau H. Nicotine and cotinine concentrations in the milk of smoking mothers: influence of cigarette consumption and diurnal variation. Eur. J. Pediatr. 146 (1987) 21-26
26. Mabilia R., Cecinato A., Tomasi Scianò M.C., Di Palo V., and Possanzini M. Characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and carbonyl compounds in diesel exhaust emissions. Ann. Chim. (Rome) 94 (2004) 733-740
27. Madhavan N.D., and Naidu K.A. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in placenta, maternal blood, umbilical cord blood and milk of Indian women. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 14 (1995) 503-506
28. Nadal M., Schuhmacher M., and Domingo J.L. Levels of PAHs in soil and vegetation samples from Tarragona County, Spain. Environ. Pollut. 132 (2004) 1-11
29. Nisbet I.C.T., and LaGoy P.K. Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 16 (1992) 290-300
30. Pavoni B., Salizzato M., and Volpi Ghirardini A. Organic micropollutants (PCB, PAH, chlorinated pesticides) in sediments of Venice "RII". Chemical analyses and toxicity tests using Vibrio fischeri. Ann. Chim. (Rome) 88 (1998) 189-200
31. Perera F.P., Tang D., Rauh V., Lester K., Tsai W.Y., Tu Y.H., Weiss L., Hoepner L., King J., Del Priore G., and Lederman S.A. Relationships among polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons - DNA adducts, proximity to the World Trade Center, and effects on fetal growth. Environ. Health Perspect. 113 (2005) 1062-1067
32. Saner G., and Yuzbasiyan V. Diurnal and longitudinal variations in fat energy and trace element content of human milk. Nutr. Rep. Int. 29 (1984) 1181-1189
33. Santodonato J. Review of the estrogenic and antiestrogenic activity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: relationship to carcinogenicity. Chemosphere 34 (1997) 835-848
34. Simko P. Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in smoked meat products and smoke flavouring food additives. J. Chromatogr. B 770 (2002) 3-18
35. Smith D.J.T., and Harrison R.M. Concentrations, trends and vehicle source profile of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in the U.K. atmosphere. Atmos. Environ. 30 (1996) 2513-2525
36. Tao S., Cui Y.H., Xu F.L., Li B.G., Cao J., Liu W.X., Schmitt G., Wang X.J., Shen W.R., Qing B.P., and Sun R. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in agricultural soil and vegetables from Tianjin. Sci. Total Environ. 320 (2004) 11-24
37. Thorslund T., and Farrer D. Development of relative potency estimated for PAHs and hydrocarbon combustion product fractions compared to benzo(a)pyrene and their use in carcinogenic risk assessments (1991), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
38. Tsapakis M., and Stephanou E.G. Occurrence of gaseous and particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the urban atmosphere: study of sources and ambient temperature effect on the gas/particle concentration and distribution. Environ. Pollut. 133 (2005) 147-156
39. USEPA, 1984. Health effect assessment for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). EPA 549/1-86-013. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
40. Watson M.A., Alford E.S., Dill C.W., Richter R.L., and Garza C. Compositional changes during sequential sampling of human milk. Nutr. Rep. Int. 26 (1982) 1105-1111
41. Zou L.Y., Zhang W., and Atkiston S. The characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons emissions from burning of different firewood species in Australia. Environ. Pollut. 124 (2003) 283-289