Photoelectron spectroscopy and microscopy of carbon nanotubes

Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science

Volumn 10, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 53-59

  Suzuki, Satoru ^a   Watanabe, Yoshio ^b   Heun, Stefan ^c  

^a Kashino Diverse Brain Research Laboratory of NTT Communication Science Laboratories   (Japan)

^b JAPAN SYNCHROTRON RADIATION RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Japan)

^c LABORATORIO TASC   (Italy)

Author keywords

Carbon nanotubes; Photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM); Scanning photoelectron microscopy (SPEM); X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)

Indexed keywords

ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES; ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE; PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY; X RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY;

PHOTOELECTRON MICROSCOPY; PHOTOEMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (PEEM); SCANNING PHOTOELECTRON MICROSCOPY (SPEM);

CARBON NANOTUBES;

EID: 33846923281     PISSN: 13590286     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cossms.2006.11.001     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. In: Dresselhaus M.S., Dresselhaus G., and Avouris P. (Eds). Carbon nanotubes: synthesis, structure, properties, and applications (2001), Springer, Berlin
2. Reich S., Thomsen C., and Maultzsch J. Carbon Nanotubes: basic concepts and physical properties (2004), Wiley, Weinheim
3. Tamura R., and Tsukada M. Electronic states of the cap structure in the carbon nanotube. Phys Rev B 52 (1995) 6015
4. Heer de W.A., Chatelain A., and Ugarte D.A. Carbon nanotube field-emission electron source. Science 270 (1995) 1179
5. Saito Y., Uemura S., and Hamaguchi K. Cathode ray tube lighting elements with carbon nanotube field emitters. Jpn J Appl Phys Part 2 37 (1998) L346
6. Zhu W., Bower C., Zhou O., Kochanski G., and Jin S. Large current density from carbon nanotube field emitters. Appl Phys Lett 75 (1999) 873
7. Appenzeller J., Knoch J., Derycke V., Martel R., Wind S., and Avouris Ph. Field-modulated carrier transport in carbon nanotube transistors. Phys Rev Lett 89 (2002) 126801-1
8. Caroll D.L., Redlich P., Ajayan P.M., Charlier J.C., Blase X., Vita D., et al. Electronic structure and localized states at carbon nanotube tips. Phys Rev Lett 78 (1997) 2811
9. Kim P., Odom T.W., Huang J.-L., and Lieber C.M. Electronic density of states of atomically resolved single-walled carbon nanotubes: Van Hove singularities and end states. Phys Rev Lett 82 (1999) 1225
10. Venema L.C., Janssen J.W., Buitelaar M.R., Wildoer J.W.G., Lemay S.G., Kouwenhoven L.P., et al. Spatially resolved scanning tunneling spectroscopy on single-walled carbon nanotubes. Phys Rev B 62 (2000) 5238
11. Günther S., Kaulich B., Gregoratti L., and Kiskinova M. Photoelectron microscopy and applications in surface and materials science. Progr Surf Sci 70 (2002) 187
12. Chen P., Wu X., Sun X., Lin J., Ji W., and Tan K.L. Electronic structure and optical limiting behavior of carbon nanotubes. Phys Rev Lett 82 (1999) 2548
13. Ago H., Kugler T., Cacialli F., Salaneck W.R., Shaffer M.S.P., Windle A.H., et al. Work functions and surface functional groups of multiwall carbon nanotubes. J Phys Chem B 103 (1999) 8116
14. Suzuki S., Bower C., Watanabe Y., and Zhou O. Work functions and valence band states of pristine and Cs-intercalated single-walled carbon nanotube bundles. Appl Phys Lett 76 (2000) 4007
15. Suzuki S, Bower C, Watanabe Y, Heun S, Kiyokura T, Nath KG, Ogino T, Zhu W, Zhou O, Electronic structure of multi-walled carbon nanotubes studied by photoemission spectroscopy. In: Proc int conf nanonetwork materials. AIP conf proc; 2001, vol. 590. p. 193.
16. Suzuki S., Watanabe Y., Kiyokura T., Nath K.G., Ogino T., Heun S., et al. Electronic structure at carbon nanotube tips studied by photoemission spectroscopy. Phys Rev B 63 (2001) 245418
17. Ishii H., Kataura H., Shiozawa H., Yoshioka H., Otsubo H., Takayama Y., et al. Direct observation of Tomonaga-Luttinger-liquid state in carbon nanotubes at low temperatures. Nature 426 (2003) 540
18. Rauf H., Pichler T., Knupfer M., Fink J., and Kataura H. Transition from a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid to a Fermi liquid in potassium-intercalated bundles of single-wall carbon nanotubes. Phys Rev Lett 93 (2004) 096805
19. Petaccia L., Goldoni A., Lizzit S., and Larciprete R. Electronic properties of clean and Li-doped single-walled carbon nanotubes. J Electron Spectrosc Relat Phenom 144-147 (2005) 793
20. Suzuki S., Bower Y., Kiyokura T., Nath K.G., Watanabe Y., and Zhou O. Photoemission spectroscopy of single-walled carbon nanotube bundles. J Electron Spectrosc Relat Phenom 114-116 (2001) 225
21. Suzuki S., Maeda F., Watanabe Y., and Ogino T. Electronic structure of single-walled carbon nanotubes encapsulating potassium. Phys Rev B 67 (2003) 115418
22. Suzuki S., Watanabe Y., Kiyokura T., Nath K.G., Ogino T., Heun S., et al. Effects of air exposure and Cs deposition on the electronic structure of multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Surf Rev Lett 9 (2002) 431
23. Goldoni A., Larciprete R., Petaccia L., and Lizzit S. Single-wall carbon nanotube interaction with gases: sample contaminants and environmental monitoring. J Am Chem Soc 125 (2003) 11329
24. Larciprete R., Lizzit S., Botti S., Cepek C., and Goldini A. Structural reorganization of carbon nanoparticles into single-wall nanotubes. Phys Rev B 66 (2002) 121402
25. Hunt M.R.C., Montali M., Chao Y., Krishnamurphy S., Dhanak V.R., and Siller L. Thermally induced decomposition of single-wall carbon nanotubes adsorbed on H/Si(1 1 1). Appl Phys Lett 81 (2002) 4847
26. Bower C., Zhou O., Zhu W., Werder J.D., and Jin S. Nucleation and growth of carbon nanotubes by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition. Appl Phys Lett 77 (2000) 2767
27. Bower C., Zhu W., Jin S., and Zhou O. Plasma-induced alignment of carbon nanotubes. Appl Phys Lett. 77 (2000) 830-832
28. Bower C., Zhuo O., Zhu W., Werder D.J., and Jin S. Nucleation and growth of carbon nanotubes by microwave plasme chemical vapor deposition. Appl Phys Lett 77 (2000) 2767-2769
29. Suzuki S., Watanabe Y., Ogino T., Heun S., Gregoratti L., Barinov A., et al. Electronic structure of carbon nannotubes studied by photoemission spectromicroscopy. Phys Rev B 66 (2002) 035414
30. Chiou J.W., Yueh C.L., Jan J.C., Tsai H.M., Pong W.F., Hong I.H., et al. Electronic structure of the carbon nanotube tips studied by X-ray-absorption spectroscopy and scanning photoelectron microscopy. Appl Phys Lett 81 (2002) 4189-4191
31. Hong I.H., Chiou J.W., Wang S.C., Klauser R., Pong W.F., Chen L.C., et al. Electronic structure of aligned carbon nanotubes studied by scanning photoelectron microscopy. J de Physique IV 104 (2003) 467-470
32. Suzuki S., Watanabe Y., Ogino T., Heun S., Gregoratti L., Barinov A., et al. Extremely small diffusion constant of Cs in multiwalled carbon nanotubes. J Appl Phys 92 (2002) 7527-7531
33. Homma Y., Kobayashi Y., Ogino T., and Yamashita T. Growth of suspended carbon nanotube networks on 100-nm-scale silicon pillars. Appl Phys Lett 81 (2002) 2261-2263
34. Suzuki S., Watanabe Y., Homma Y., Fukuba S., Locatelli A., and Heun S. Photoemission electron microscopy of individual single-walled carbon nanotubes. J Electron Spectrosc Relat Phenom 144-147 (2005) 357-360
35. Suzuki S., Watanabe Y., Homma Y., Fukuba S., Heun S., and Locatelli A. Work functions of individual single-walled carbon nanotubes. Appl Phys Lett 85 (2004) 127-129
36. Léonard F., and Tersoff J. Role of Fermi-level pinning in nanotube Schottky diodes. Phys Rev Lett 84 (2000) 4693-4696
37. Suzuki S., Watanabe Y., Ogino T., Homma Y., Takagi D., Heun S., et al. Observation of single-walled carbon nanotubes by photoemission microscopy. Carbon 42 (2004) 559-563
38. Goldoni A., Larciprete R., Gregoratti L., Kaulich B., Kiskinova M., Zhang Y., et al. X-ray photoelectron microscopy of the C 1s core level of free-standing single-wall carbon nanotube bundles. Appl Phys Lett 80 (2002) 2165-2167
39. Goldoni A., Petaccia L., Gregoratti L., Kaulich B., Barinov A., Lizzit S., et al. Spectroscopic characterization of contaminants and interaction with gases in single-walled carbon nanotubes. Carbon 42 (2004) 2099-2112
40. Botti S., Ciardi R., Fabbri F., Larciprete R., Goldoni A., Gregoratti L., et al. Electron microscopy and photoelectron spectromicroscopy study of catalyst-free transformation of carbon nanoparticles into nanotubes. J Appl Phys 98 (2005) 084307