Nonstationarity of turbulent heat fluxes at Summit, Greenland

Boundary-Layer Meteorology

Volumn 122, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 439-455

  Cullen, Nicolas J ^a   Steffen, Konrad ^b   Blanken, Peter D ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF INNSBRUCK   (Austria)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

Author keywords

Greenland ice sheet; Intermittency; Nonstationarity; Sensible heat fluxes

Indexed keywords

CLOUDS; HEAT FLUX; METEOROLOGY;

ALL-WAVE RADIATION; CLOUD FORCING; GREENLAND; INTERMITTENCY; NONSTATIONARITY; TURBULENT SENSIBLE HEAT FLUXES;

ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE;

ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE; CLOUDS; HEAT FLUX; METEOROLOGY;

ICE SHEET; SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX; STABILITY ANALYSIS; STANDING WAVE; TURBULENCE; TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER; TURBULENT FLOW; WIND DIRECTION;

ARCTIC; GREENLAND; SUMMIT;

EID: 33846828763     PISSN: 00068314     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10546-006-9112-2     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Albert MR, Hawley RL (2000) Seasonal differences in surface energy exchange and accumulation at Summit, Greenland. Ann Glaciol 31:387-390
2. Anderson PS (1994) A method for rescaling humidity sensors at temperatures well below freezing. J Atmos Oceanic Technol 11:1388-1391
3. Bendat J, Piersol A (1966) Measurement and analysis of random data. John Wiley and Sons Inc., 390 pp
4. Bintanja R, Van den Broeke MR (1995a) Momentum and scalar transfer coefficients over aerodynamically smooth Antarctic surfaces. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 74:89-111
5. Bintanja R, Van den Broeke MR (1995b) The surface energy balance of Antarctic snow and blue ice. J Appl Meteorol 34:902-926
6. Blanken PD, Rouse WR, Schertzer WM (2003) Enhancement of evaporation from a large northern lake by the entrainment of warm, dry air. J Hydrometeorol 4:680-693
7. Bottenheim JW, Dibb JE, Honrath RE, Shepson PB (2002) An introduction to the Alert 2002 and Summit 2000 Arctic research studies. Atmos Environ 36:2467-2469
8. Box JE, Steffen K (2001) Sublimation on the Greenland ice sheet. J Geophys Res 106:(D24), 33,965-33,982
9. Coulter RL, Doran JC (2002) Spatial and temporal occurrences of intermittent turbulence during CASES-99. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 105:329-349
10. Cullen NJ, Steffen K (2001) Unstable near-surface boundary layer conditions in summer on top of the Greenland ice sheet. Geophys Res Lett 28:4491-4493
11. Dias NL, Brutsaert W (1996) Similarity of scalars under stable conditions. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 80:355-373
12. Dias NL, Chamecki M, Kan A, Okawa CMP (2004) A study of spectra, structure and correlation functions and their implications for the stationarity of surface-layer turbulence. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 110:165-189
13. Doran JC (2004) Characteristics of intermittent turbulent temperature fluxes in stable conditions. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 112:241-255
14. Dassau TM, Sumner AL, Koeniger SL, Shepson PB, Yang J, Honrath RE, Cullen NJ, Steffen K, Jacobi HW, Frey M, Bales RC (2002) Investigation of the role of the snowpack on atmospheric formaldehyde chemistry at Summit, Greenland. J Geophys Res 107:D19, 4394 doi: 10.1029/2002JD002182
15. Finnigan JJ, Clement R, Malhi Y, Leuning R, Cleugh HA (2003) A re-evaluation of long-term flux measurement techniques. Part: 1 averaging and coordinate rotation. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 107:1-48
16. Forrer J, Rotach MW (1997) On the turbulence structure in the stable boundary layer over the Greenland ice sheet. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 85:111-136
17. Gluhovsky A, Agee E (1994) A definitive approach to turbulence statistical studies in planetary boundary layers. J Atmos Sci 51:1682-1690
18. 3 above the snowpack at Summit, Greenland. Atmos Environ 36:2629-2640
19. Howell JF, Sun J (1999) Surface-layer fluxes in stable conditions. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 90:495-520
20. Jacobi HW, Frey MM, Hutterli MA, Bales RC, Schrems O, Cullen NJ, Steffen K, Koehler C (2002) Measurements of hydrogen peroxide and formaldehyde exchange between the atmosphere and surface snow at Summit, Greenland. Atmos Environ 36:2619-2628
21. Kaimal JC, Finnigan JJ (1994) Atmospheric boundary layer flows: Their structure and measurement. Oxford University Press, UK, 289 pp
22. Kondo J, Kanechika O, Yasuda N (1978) Heat and momentum transfers under strong stability in the atmospheric surface layer. J Atmos Sci 35:1012-1021
23. Lumley JL, Panofsky HA (1964) The structure of atmospheric turbulence. Interscience, New York, 239 pp
24. Lykossov VN, Wamser C (1995) Turbulence intermittency in the atmosphere surface layer over snow-covered sites. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 72:393-409
25. Mahrt L (1998) Flux sampling errors for aircraft and towers. J Atmos Oceanic Technol 15:416-429
26. Mahrt L (1999) Intermittency of atmospheric turbulence. J Atmos Sci 46:79-95
27. Mastrantonio G, Malvestuto V, Argentini S, Georgiadis T, Viola A (1999) Evidence of a convective boundary layer developing on the Antarctic Plateau during the summer. Meteorol Atmos Phys 71:127-132
28. McNaughton KG, Laubach J (1998) Unsteadiness as a cause of non-equality of eddy diffusivities for heat and vapour at the base of an advective inversion. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 88:479-504
29. Moncrieff JB, Massheder JM, de Bruin H, Elbers J, Friborg T, Heusinkveld B, Kabat P, Scott S, Soegaard H, Verhoef A (1997) A system to measure surface fluxes of momentum, sensible heat, water vapour and carbon dioxide. J Hydrol 188-189:589-611
30. Moore CJ (1986) Frequency response corrections for eddy correlation systems. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 37:17-35
31. Munger JW, Jacob DJ, Fan SM, Colman AS (1999) Concentrations and snow-atmosphere fluxes of reactive nitrogen at Summit, Greenland. J Geophys Res 104:13721-13734
32. Nakamura R, Mahrt L (2005) A study of intermittent turbulence with CASES-99 tower measurements. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 114:367-387
33. Ohmura A, Calanca P, Wild M, Anklin M (1999) Precipitation, accumulation and mass balance of the Greenland ice sheet. Zeitschrift Gletscherk Glazialgeol 35:1-20
34. Poulos GS, Burns SP (2003) An evaluation of bulk Ri-based surface layer flux formulas for stable and very stable conditions with intermittent turbulence. J Atmos Sci 60:2523-2537
35. Poulos GS, Blumen W, Fritts DC, Lundquist JK, Sun J, Burns SP, Nappo C, Banta R, Newsom R, Cuxart J, Terradellas E, Balsley B, Jensen M (2002) CASES-99: A comprehensive investigation of the stable nocturnal boundary layer. Bull Amer Meteorol Soc 83:555-581
36. Schotanus P, Nieuwstadt FTM, de Bruin HAR (1983) Temperature measurement with a sonic anemometer and its application to heat and moisture fluctuations. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 26:81-93
37. Starkweather SM (2004) Characteristics of cloud cover and its radiative impacts over the high elevations of the Greenland ice sheet. PhD Dissertation, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 202 pp
38. Stearns CR, Weidner GA (1993) Sensible and latent heat flux estimates in Antarctica. In: Bromwich DH, Stearns CR (eds) Antarctic meteorology and climatology: Studies based on Automatic weather stations, Antarctic Research series, vol. 61. AGU, Washington DC, pp 109-138
39. Sun J, Burns SP, Lenschow DH, Banta R, Newsom R, Coulter R, Frasier S, Ince T, Nappo C, Cuxart J, Blumen W, Lee X, Hu XZ (2002) Intermittent turbulence associated with a density current passage in the stable boundary layer. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 105:199-219
40. Van de Wiel BJH, Moene AF, Hartogensis OK, de Bruin HAR, Holtslag AAM (2003) Intermittent turbulence in the stable boundary layer over land. Part III: A classification for observations during CASES-99. J Atmos Sci 60:2509-2522
41. Van de Wiel BJH, Moene AF, Ronda RJ, de Bruin HA R, Holtslag AAM (2002) Intermittent turbulence and oscillations in the stable boundary layer over land. Part II: A system dynamics approach. J Atmos Sci 60:2509-2522
42. Van As D, Van den Broeke MR, Van de Wal RSW, Reijmer CH (2005) The summer surface energy balance of the high Antarctic plateau. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 115:289-317
43. Van den Broeke MR, Van As D, Reijmer CH, van de Wal RSW (2004) Assessing and improving the quality of unattended radiation observations in Antarctica. J Atmos Oceanic Technol 21(9): 1417-1431
44. Van den Broeke MR, Van As D, Reijmer C, Van de Wal R (2005) Sensible heat exchange at the Antarctic snow surface: A study with automatic weather stations. Int J Climatol 25:1080-1101
45. Vickers D, Mahrt L (1997) Quality control and flux sampling problems for tower and aircraft data. J Atmos Oceanic Technol 14:512-526
46. Wendler G, Ishikawa N, Kodama Y (1988) The heat balance of the icy slope of Adelie Land, Eastern Antarctica. J Appl Meteorol 27:52-65
47. Wyngaard JC (1973) On surface layer turbulence. In: Haugen DA (ed) Workshop in micrometeorology. American Meteorological Society, pp 101-149