Candidate genes affecting sheep and goat milk quality

Small Ruminant Research

Volumn 68, Issue 1-2, 2007, Pages 179-192

  Moioli, B ^a   D'Andrea, M ^b   Pilla, F ^b  

^a Ist Sperimentale per la Zootecnia   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MOLISE   (Italy)

Author keywords

Genes encoding enzymes; Goats; Milk properties; Milk protein polymorphisms; Sheep

Indexed keywords

CAPRA HIRCUS; OVIS ARIES;

EID: 33846783266     PISSN: 09214488     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.09.008     Document Type: Article

References (130)

1. Addeo, F., Chianese, L., Masi, P., 1993. The influence of processing conditions on the quality of water buffalo mozzarella cheese. EAAP Publ. No. 62, pp. 214-222.
2. Alais C., and Jolles P. Isolation, purification and analysis of two k-caseins. J. Dairy Sci. 50 (1967) 1555-1561
3. Ali S., McClenaghan M., Simons J.P., and Clark A. Characterization of the alleles encoding ovine β-lactoglobulin A and B. Gene 91 (1990) 201-207
4. Amigo L., Recio I., and Ramos M. Genetic polymorphism of milk protein: its influence on technological properties of milk. A review. Int. Dairy J. 10 3 (2000) 135-149
5. Angiolillo A., Yahyaoui M.H., Sanchez A., Pilla F., and Folch J.M. Characterization of a new genetic variant in the caprine kappa casein gene. J. Dairy Sci. 85 (2002) 2679-2680
6. Astruc, J.M., Barillet, F., Fioretti, M., Gabina, D., Gootwine, E., Mavrogenis, A.P., Romberg, F.J., Sanna, S.R., Stefanakes, E., 2005. Report of the Working Group on milk recording of sheep. EAAP Publ. No. 113, pp. 315-322.
7. Ballester M., Sanchez A., and Folch J.M. Polymorphisms in the goat beta-lactoglobulin gene. J. Dairy Res. 72 3 (2005) 379-384
8. Barbieri M.E., Manfredi E., Elsen G.M., Ricordau G., Bouillon J., Grosclaude F., Mahé M.F., and Bibè B. Effects of the αs1-casein locus on dairy performances and genetic parameters of Alpine goat. Genet. Sel. Evol. 27 (1995) 437-450
9. Barillet, F., 2003. Breeding schemes for dairy sheep and dairy goats in Europe. In: Improved Breeding in Dairy Goats and Milking Sheep. Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. ISBN 0 642 58549 0. ISSN 1440-6845, pp. 31-56.
10. Barillet F., Arranz J.J., and Carta A. Mapping quantitative trait loci for milk production and genetic polymorphisms of milk proteins in dairy sheep. Genet. Select. Evol. 37 Suppl. 1 (2005) S109-S123
11. Barillet F., Manfredi E., and Elsen J.M. Genetic variations and associations for improving milk production and milk product qualities in sheep and goats. Proceedings of 6th World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production, vol. 24 (1998) 129-136
12. Beja-Pereira A., Luikart G., England P.R., Bradley D.G., Jann O.C., Bertorelle G., Chamberalin A.T., Nunes T.P., Metodiev S., Ferrand N., and Erhardt G. Gene-culture coevolution between cattle milk protein genes and human lactase genes. Nat. Gen. 35 4 (2003) 311-313
13. Bernard C., Degrelle S., Ollier S., Campion E., Cassar-Malek I., Charpigny G., Dhorne-Pollet S., Hue I., Hocquette J.F., Le Provost F., Leroux C., Piump F., Rolland G., Uzbekova S., Zalachas E., and Martin P. A cDNA macro-array resource for gene expression profiling in ruminant tissues involved in reproduction and production (milk and beef) traits. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 56 Suppl. 3 (2005) 215-224
14. Bernard L., Leroux C., Hayes H., Gautier M., Chilliard Y., and Martin P. Characterization of the caprine stearoyl-CoA desaturase gene and its mRNA showing an unusually long 3′-UTR sequence arising from a single exon. Gene 281 (2001) 53-61
15. Bevilacqua C., Ferranti P., Garro G., Veltri C., Lagonigro R., Leroux C., Pietrola E., Addeo F., Pilla F., Chianese L., and Martin P. Interallelic recombination is likely responsible for the occurrence of a new rate (αs1-casein variant in the goat species). Eur. J. Biochem. 269 (2002) 1293-1303
16. Bevilacqua C., Martin P., Candalh C., Fauquant J., Piot M., Roucayrol A., Pilla F., and Heyman M. Goat's milk of defective αs1-casein genotype decreases intestinal and systemic sensitization to β lactoglobulin in guinea-pigs. J. Dairy Res. 68 (2001) 217-227
17. Boisnard M., Hue D., Bouniol C., Mercier J.C., and Gaye P. Multiple mRNA species code for two non-allelic forms of ovine αs2 casein. Eur. J. Biochem. 201 (1991) 633-641
18. Boulanger A., Grosclaude F., and Mahè M.F. α-s1 and α-s2 casein polymorphism in goats. Génét. Sel. Evol. 16 (1984) 157-175
19. Bouniol C., Brignon G., Mahé M.F., and Printz C. Biochemical and genetic analysis of variant C of caprine α-s2 casein. Anim. Genet. 25 (1994) 173-177
20. Boyazoglu J., and Morand-Fehr P. Mediterranean dairy sheep and goat products and their quality. Small Rumin. Res. 40 (2001) 1-11
21. Brignon G., Mahé M.F., Grosclaude F., and Ribardeau-Dumas B. Sequence of caprine αs1 casein and characterisation of those of its genetic variants which are synthesized at a high level, αs1-can. B and C. Prot. Seq. Data Anal. 2 (1989) 181-188
22. Brignon G., Mahé M.F., Ribardeau-Dumas B., Mercier J.C., and Grosclaude F. Two of the three genetic variants of goat αs1 casein which are synthesized at a reduced level have an internal deletion possibly due to altered RNA splicing. Eur. J. Biochem. 193 (1990) 237-241
23. Calvo J.H., Marcos S., Jurado J.J., and Serrano M. Association of the heart fatty acid-binding protein (FABP3) gene with milk traits in the Manchega breed. Anim. Genet. 35 (2004) 347-349
24. Calvo J.H., Marcos S., Beattie A., Gonzales C., Jurado J.J., and Serrano M. Ovine alpha-amylase genes: isolation, linkage mapping and association analysis with milk traits. Anim. Genet. 35 (2004) 329-332
25. Calvo, J.H., Marcos, S., Beattie, A., Serrano, M., 2005. Ovis aries cingulin gene (CGN), exons 19 through 21 and partial cds. GenBank AY785290. Ovis aries lysophoshatidic acid phosphatase protein (ACP6) gene, exons 9, 10 and partial cds. GenBank AY785288. Ovis aries annexin A9 protein (A9) gene, exons 3 through 7 and partial cds. GenBank AY785286. Ovis aries alpha amylase isoform 2 gene, exons 3 through 5 and partial cds. GenBank AY396045.
26. Calvo J.H., Vaiman D., Saidi-Mehtar N., Beattie A., Jurado J.J., and Serrano M. Characterization, genetic variation and chromosome assignment to sheep chromosome 2 of the Ovine heart fatty acid-binding protein gene (FABP3). Cytogenet. Genome Res. 98 (2002) 270-273
27. Caroli A., Jann O., Budelli E., Bolla P., Jäger S., and Erhard G. Genetic polymorphism of goat κ-casein (CSN3) in different breeds and characterization at DNA level. Anim. Genet. 32 (2001) 226-230
28. Chen H., Lan X.Y., Li R.B., Lei C.Z., Sun W.B., Zhang R.F., Zheng Y.L., and Zhu B.C. The effect of CSN1 S2, CSN3 and beta-lg genes on milk performance in Xinong Saanen dairy goat. Yi Chuan Xue Bao 32 8 (2005) 804-810
29. Chessa S., Bolla P., Dario C., Pieragostini E., and Caroli A. Milk protein polymorphisms in the ovine breed Gentile di Puglia. Sci. Tecn. Latt. Cas. 54 (2003) 191-198
30. Chianese, L., Ferranti, P., Garro, G., Mauriello, R., Addeo, F., 1997. Ocurrence of three novel αs1 casein variants in goat milk. IDF/FIL Publ. No. 9603, pp. 259-267.
31. Chianese L., Garro G., Ferranti P., Malorni A., Addeo F., and Molina Pons P. Discrete phosphorylation generates the electrophoretic heterogeneity of ovine β-casein. J. Dairy Res. (1995) 62-89
32. Chianese L., Garro G., Nicolai M.A., Mauriello R., Ferranti P., Pizzano R., Cappuccio U., Laezza P., Addeo F., Ramunno L., Rando A., and Rubino R. The nature of β-casein heterogeneity in caprine milk. Le Lait 73 (1993) 533-547
33. Chianese L., Garro G., Nicolai M.A., Mauriello R., Laezza P., Ferranti P., and Addeo F. Ocurrence of five αs1 casein variants in ovine milk. Dairy Res. 63 49 (1996) 59
34. Chianese L., Portolano B., Troncone E., Pizzolongo F., Ferranti P., Addeo F., Alicata M.L., Pilla F., and Calagna G. The quality of Girgentana goat milk. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Goats, vol. 946 (2000)
35. Chiofalo L., and Micari P. Present knowledge ob the variation of the milk proteins in the sheep population reared in Sicily. Experimental observations. Sci. Tecn. Latt. Cas. 38 (1987) 104-114
36. Cosenza G., Illario R., Rando A., Di Gregorio P., Masina P., and Ramunno L. Molecular characterization of goat CASN1S1 01 allele. J. Dairy Res. 70 237 (2003) 240
37. Cosenza G., Paciullo A., Illario R., Gallo D., Di Berardino D., Nicodemo D., and Ramunno L. A preliminary analysis of the goat lactoferrin encoding gene. Ital. J. Anim. Sci. Suppl. 2 (2005) 49-51
38. Dall'Olio S., Davoli R., and Bosi P. A new variant of caprine β casein. Sci. Tecn. Latt. Cas. 40 (1989) 24-28
39. De Vries F., Hamann H., Drogemuller C., Ganter M., and Distl O. Analysis of associations between the prion protein genotypes and production traits in East Friesian milk sheep. J. Dairy Sci. 88 (2005) 392-398
40. Di Gregorio P., Rando A., Pieragostini E., and Masina P. DNA polymorphism at the casein loci in sheep. Anim. Genet. 22 (1991) 21-30
41. Di Luccia A., Mauriello R., Chianese L., Moio L., and Addeo F. k-Casein polymorphism in caprine milk. Sci. Tecn. Latt. Cas. 41 (1990) 305-314
42. Di Stasio, L., Portolano, B., Todaro, M., Fiandra, P., Giaccone, P., Finocchiaro, R., Alicata, M.L., 1997. Effect of ovine β-lactoglobulin genotype on cheese yield and composition. IDF/FIL Publ. No. 9702, pp. 324-327.
43. Enne, G., Feligini, M., Greppi, G.F., Iametti, S., Pagani, S., 1997. Gene frequencies of caprine αs1 casein polymorphism in dairy goat. IDF/FIL Publ. No. 9702, pp. 275-279.
44. Erhardt G. Evidence for a third allele at the β-lactoglobulin locus of sheep and its occurrence in different breeds. Anim. Genet. 20 (1989) 197-204
45. Erhardt G., Jaeger S., Budelli E., and Caroli A. Genetic polymorphism of goat αs2-casein and evidence for a further allele. Milchwissenschaft 57 (2002) 137-140
46. Feligini M., Vlaco S., Curik V.C., Parma P., Greppi G., and Enne G. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the sheep kappa-casein coding region. J. Dairy Res. 72 3 (2005) 317-321
47. Ferranti P., Malorni A., Nitti G., Laezza P., Pizzano R., Chianese L., and Addeo F. Primary structure of ovine αs1 casein: localisation of phosphorylation sites and characterisation of genetic variants A, C and D. J. Dairy Res. 62 (1995) 281-296
48. Ferretti L., Leone P., and Sgaramella V. Long range restriction analysis of the bovine casein gene. Nucl. Acid Res. 18 (1990) 6829-6833
49. Folch J.M., Coll A., and Sanchez A. Complete sequence of the caprine beta-lactoglobulin gene. J. Dairy Sci. 77 (1994) 3493-3497
50. Garzon A., and Martinez J. β-Lactoglobulin in Manchega sheep breed. Relationship with milk technological indexes in handcraft manufacture of Manchego cheese. XXIII Int. Conf. Anim. Genet., Interlaken, g. 19 (1992)
51. Gaye P., Hue-Delahaie D., Mercier J.C., Soulier S., Vilotte J.L., and Furet J.P. Ovine β-lactoglobulin messenger RNA: nucleotide sequence and mRNA levels during functional differentiation of the mammary gland. Biochimie 68 (1986) 1097-1107
52. Gaye P., Hue-Delahaie D., Mercier J.C., Soulier S., Vilotte J.L., and Furet J.P. Complete nucleotide sequence of ovine alpha-lactalbumin mRNA. Biochimie 69 (1987) 601-608
53. Gootwine E., Sise J.A., Penty J.M., and Montgomery G.W. The duplicated gene copy of the ovine growth hormone gene contains a PvuII polymorphism in the second intron. Anim. Genet. 24 (1993) 319
54. Graziano M., D'Andrea M., Martin C., Petit E., Rubino R., Pilla F., and Martin P. Gene expression profiling of sheep mammary tissue using oligo-array: preliminary results. Proceedings of the A.S.P.A. 15th Congress Parma. June 18/20, 2003 (2003) 97-102
55. Graziano M., D'Andrea M., Angiolillo A., Lagonigro R., and Pilla F. A new polymorphism in goat beta-lactoglobulin promoter region. Ital. J. Anim. Sci. 2 (2003) 67-70
56. Graziano M., D'Andrea M., and Pilla F. Validation of oligo-array LPL and SCD expression profiles in sheep mammary gland by real time PCR. Ital. J. Anim. Sci. 4 Suppl. 2 (2005) 135
57. Graziano, M., D'Andrea, M., Reale, S., Pilla, F., 2005b. Study of the Structure and Expression of the Genes Involved in Lipid Metabolism in Small Ruminants. Final Report Project PRIN 2006. Italian Ministry of Research and Education.
58. Grisart B., Farnir F., Karim L., Cambisano N., Kim J.J., Kvasz A., Mni M., Simon P., Frere J.M., Coppieters W., and Georges M. Genetic and functional confirmation of the causality of the DGAT1 K232A quantitative trait nucleotide in affecting milk yield and composition. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101 (2004) 2398-2403
59. Grosclaude, F., Martin, P., 1997. Casein polymorphisms in the goat. IDF/FIL Publ. No. 9702, pp. 241-253.
60. Haenlein G.F.W. Goat milk in human nutrition. Small Rumin. Res. 51 (2004) 155-163
61. Hayes H., Petit E., Bouniol C., and Popescu P. Localisation of the alpha-s2-casein gene (CASAS2) to the homologous cattle, sheep and goat chromosome 4 by in situ hybridisation. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 64 (1993) 282-285
62. Ivankovic A., and Dovc P. Polymorphisms of β-lactoglobulin and αs1-casein genes in the Pag Island sheep. Acta Agric. Slovenica 84 (2004) 121-130
63. Jackson R.J. Cytoplasmic regulation of mRNA function: the importance of the 3′untranslated region. Cell 74 (1993) 9-14
64. Jann O., Prinzenberg E.M., Luikart G., Caroli A., and Erhardt G. High polymorphism in the k-casein (CSN3) gene from wild and domestic caprine species revealed by DNA sequencing. J. Dairy Res. 71 (2004) 188-195
65. Jolles J., Fiat A.M., Schoengten F., Alais C., and Jolles P. The amino-acid sequence of sheep k-casein. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 365 (1974) 335-3429
66. Kann G., Delobelle-Deroide A., Belair L., Gertler A., and Djiane J. Demonstration of in vivo mammogenic and lactogenic effects of recombinant ovine placental lactogen and mammogenic effect of recombinant ovine GH in ewes during artificial induction of lactation. J. Endocrinol. 160 (1999) 365-377
67. Kolde H.J., and Braunitzer G. The primary structure of ovine β-lactoglobulin. Milchwissensch 38 (1983) 70-72
68. Kompan, D., Cividini, A., Simcic, M., Klopcic, M., 2005. Report of the Working Group on Goat Milk Recording. EAAP Publ. No. 113, pp. 323-331.
69. Kumar A., Rout P.K., and Roy R. Polymorphism of beta-lactoglobulin gene in Indian goats and its effect on milk yield. J. Appl. Genet. 47 1 (2006) 49-53
70. Lagonigro R., Pietrola E., D'Andrea M., Veltri C., and Pilla F. Molecular characterisation of the goat αs2-casein E allele. Anim. Genet. 32 (2001) 391-393
71. Lee T.H., Shimazaki K., Yu S.L., Nam M.S., Kim S.J., Lee K.K., and Yu D.Y. Polymorphic sequence of Korean Native goat lactoferrin exhibiting greater antibacterial activity. Anim. Genet. 28 5 (1997) 367-369
72. Leone P., Primiceri S., Fraghi A., Piredda G., Pilla F., Veltri C., Rasero R., and Sacchi P. Polimorfismo dei loci αs1 e β-lactoglobulina in ovini di razza Sarda e Delle Langhe (polymorphisms of αs1-casein and β-lactoglobulin in Sarda and Delle Langhe sheep). Proc. IV Congresso Nazionale Biodiversita Germoplasma Locale e Sua Valorizazione. Alghero, Italy (1998) 8-11
73. Le Provost F., Casey S., Hayes H., and Martin P. Structure and expression of goat GLYCAM1 gene: lactogenic-dependent expression in ruminant mammary gland and interspecies conservation of the proximal promoter. Gene 313 (2003) 83-89
74. Le Provost F., Schibler L., Oustry-Vaiman A., Martin P., and Cribiu E.P. Cytogenetic mapping of 25 goat mammary gland expressed sequence tags (ESTs). Génét. Sel. Evol. 32 (2000) 311-320
75. Leroux C., and Martin P. The caprine alpha s1 and beta-casein genes are 12kb apart and convergently transcribed.f goat αs1 casein alleles. A potential tool in selection of individuals carrying alleles associated with a high level protein synthesis. Anim. Genet. 27 Suppl. 2 (1996) 93
76. Leroux C., Martin P., Mahé M.F., Levéziel H., and Mercier J.C. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms identification of goat αs1 casein alleles. A potential tool in selection of individuals carrying alleles associated with a high level protein synthesis. Anim. Genet. 21 (1990) 341-351
77. Lévéziel H., Méténier L., Guérin G., Cullen P., Provot C., Bartaud M., and Mercier J.C. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms of ovine casein genes: close linkage between the αs1, αs2, β and k-casein loci. Anim. Genet. 22 (1991) 1-10
78. Lin C.Y., Sabour M.P., and Lee A.J. Direct typing of milk proteins as an aid for genetic improvement of dairy bulls and cows: a review. Anim. Breed. Abstr. 60 (1992) 1-10
79. Mabjeesh S.J., Gal-Garber O., Milgram J., Feuermann Y., Cohen-Zinder M., and Shamay A. Aminopeptidase N gene expression and abundance in caprine mammary gland is influenced by circulating plasma peptide. J. Dairy Sci. 88 (2005) 2055-2064
80. Mahè M.F., and Grosclaude F. αs1-CnD, another allele associated with a decreased synthesis rate at the caprine αs1-casein locus. Génét. Sel. Evol. 21 (1989) 127-129
81. Mahè M.F., and Grosclaude F. Polymorphism of β-casein in the Creole goat of the Guadalupe: evidence of a null allele. Génét. Sel. Evol. 25 (1993) 403-408
82. Malveiro E., Pereira M., Marques P.X., Santos I.C., Belo C., Renaville R., and Cravador A. Polymorphisms at the five exons of the growth hormone gene in the algarvia goat: possible association with milk traits. Small Rumin. Res. 41 (2001) 163-170
83. Marletta D., Bordonaro S., Guastella A.M., Falagiani P., Crimi N., and D'Urso G. Goat milk with different αs2-casein content: Analysis of allergenic potency by REAST-inhibition assay. Small Rumin. Res. 52 (2004) 19-24
84. Marques P.X., Pereira M., Marques M.R., Santos I.C., Belo C.C., Renaville R., and Cravador A. Association of milk traits with SSCP polymorphisms at the growth hormone gene in the Serrana goat. Small Rumin. Res. 50 (2003) 177-185
85. Martin, P., Addeo, F., 1995. Genetic polymorphisms of casein in the milk of goats and sheep. IDF/FIL Publ. No. 9603, pp. 45-58.
86. Mercier J.C., Gaye P., Soulier S., Hue-Delahaie D., and Vilotte J.L. Construction and identification of recombinant plasmids carrying cDNAs coding for ovine αs1, αs2, β and κ-casein and β-lactoglobulin. Nucleotide sequence of the αs1-casein cDNA. Biochimie 67 (1985) 959-971
87. Moioli B., Napolitano F., Orrù L., and Catillo G. Single nucleotide polymorphism detection in Promoter I of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase-α gene in sheep. Small Rumin. Res. 59 (2005) 49-53
88. Moioli B., Napolitano F., Orrù L., and Catillo G. Single nucleotide polymorphism detection in Promoter III of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase-α gene in sheep. J. Anim. Breed. Genet. 122 (2005) 418-420
89. Neveu C., Mollé D., Moreno G., Martin P., and Leonil G. Heterogeneity of caprine β-casein elucidated by RP-HPLC/MS: genetic variants and phosphorylation. J. Protein Chem. 21 (2002) 557-567
90. Pappalardo M., Rando A., Di Gregorio P., Masina P., and Ramunno L. MseI RFLP in the 5′ DNA region of the goat α-casein gene. Anim. Genet. 28 (1997) 238-246
91. Pariset L., Cappuccio I., Joost S., D'Andrea M., Marletta D., Ajmone-Marsan P., Valentini A., and and the Econogene Consortium. Characterization of single nucleotide polymorphisms in sheep and their variation as evidence of selection. Anim. Genet. 37 (2006) 290-292
92. Pena R.N., Sanchez A., and Folch J.M. Characterization of genetic polymorphism in the goat beta-lactoglobulin gene. J. Dairy Res. 67 (2000) 217-224
93. Persuy M.A., Printz C., Medrano J.F., and Mercier J.C. One mutation might be responsible for the absence of beta-casein in two breeds of goats. Anim. Genet. 27 (1996) 96
94. Persuy M.A., Printz C., Medrano J.F., and Mercier J.C. A single nucleotide deletion resulting in a premature stop codon is associated with marked reduction of transcripts from a goat beta-casein null allele. Anim. Genet. 30 (1999) 444-451
95. Pietrolà E., Carta A., Fraghì A., Piredda G., and Pilla F. Effect of β-lactoglobulin locus on milk yield in Sarda ewes. Zoot. Nutr. Anim. 26 (2000) 129-133
96. Pilla, F., Valentini, A., Lenstra, J.A., Martin, P., 2006. Animal genetics and functional foods; livestock farming systems; product quality based on local resources leading to improved sustainability. Wageningen Academic Publishers. EAAP Publications No. 118, pp. 49-59.
97. Pirisi A., Piredda G., Papoff C., Di Salvo R., Pintus S., Garro G., Ferranti P., and Chianese L. Effects of sheep αs1-casein CC, CD and DD genotypes on milk composition and cheesemaking properties. J. Dairy Res. 66 (1999) 409-419
98. Pirisi, A., Fraghi, A., Piredda, G., Leone, P., 1999b. Influence of sheep β-lactoglobulin genotypes on milk composition and cheese yield. EAAP Publ. No. 95, pp. 553-555.
99. Prinzenberg E.M., Gutscher K., Chessa S., Caroli A., and Erhardt G. Caprine k-casein (CSN3) polymorphisms: new developments in molecular knowledge. J. Dairy Sci. 88 (2005) 1490-1498
100. Rampilli, M., Cecchi, F., Giuliotti, L., Cattaneo, T.M.P., 1997. The influence of β-lactoglobulin genetic polymorphism on protein distribution and coagulation properties in milk of Massese breed ewes. IDF/FIL Publ. No. 9702, pp. 311-315.
101. Ramunno L., Cosenza G., Pappalardo M., Longobardi E., Gallo D., Di Gregorio P., and Rando A. Characterisation of two new alleles al the goat CSN1S2 locus. Anim. Genet. 32 (2001) 264-268
102. Ramunno L., Pappalardo M., Rando A., Di Gregorio P., Cosenza G., Mariani P., Pastore N., and Masina P. An allele associated with a non detectable amount of αs2-casein in goat milk. Anim. Genet. 32 (2001) 19-26
103. Ramunno L., Cosenza G., Rando A., Illario R., Gallo D., Di Berardino D., and Masina P. The goat alphas1-casein gene: gene structure and promoter analysis. Gene 334 (2004) 105-111
104. Ramunno L., Cosenza G., Rando A., Pauciullo A., Illario R., Gallo D., Di Berardino D., and Masina P. Comparative analysis of gene sequence of goat CSN1S1 F and N alleles and characterization of CSN1S1 transcript variants in mammary gland. Gene 345 (2005) 289-299
105. Rando A., Pappalardo M., Capuano M., Di Gregorio P., and Ramunno L. Two mutations might be responsible for the absence of beta casein in goat milk. Anim. Genet. 27 (1996) 31
106. Rando A., Ramunno L., and Masina P. Mutations in casein genes. Zoot. Nutr. Anim. 26 (2000) 105-114
107. Recio M.L., Fernandez Fournier A., and Ramos M. Genetic polymorphism of the whey proteins for two Spanish ovine breeds. Influence of genetic polymorphism on renneting properties. IDF Seminar on the Implication of Genetic Polymorphism of Milk Proteins on Production and Processing of Milk. Zuerich, March 1995 (1995)
108. Reale S., Yahyaoui M.H., Folch Y.M., Sanchez A., Pilla F., and Angiolillo A. Genetic polymorphism of the k-casein (CSN3) gene in goats reared in Southern Italy. Ital. J. Anim. Sci. 4 (2005) 97-101
109. Rijnkels M., Kooiman P.M., de Boer H.A., and Pieper F.R. Organization of the bovine casein gene locus. Mamm. Genome 8 (1997) 148-152
110. Russo V., Davoli R., Dall'Olio S., and Tedeschi M. Ricerche sul polimorfismo del latte caprino. Zoot. Nutriz. Anim. 12 (1986) 55-62
111. Sacchi P., Chessa S., Budelli E., Bolla P., Ceriotti G., Soglia D., Rasero R., Cauvin E., and Caroli A. Casein haplotype structure in five Italian goat breeds. J. Dairy Sci. 88 (2005) 1561-1568
112. Sánchez A., Ilahi H., Manfredi E., and Serradilla J.M. Potential benefit from using the alphas1-casein genotype information in a selection scheme for dairy goats. J. Anim. Breed. Genet. 122 (2005) 21-29
113. Schlee P., Krause I., and Rottmann O. Genotyping of ovine β-lactoglobulin alleles A and B using PCR. Arch. Tierz. 36 (1993) 519-523
114. Soulier S., Ribardeau-Dumas B., and Denamur R. Purification of k-casein from sheep. Eur. J. Biochem. 50 (1974) 445-452
115. Stambekov S., Shapiro Yu., and Mandrusova E. Milk protein polymorphism in Soviet Merino and Latvian Darkheaded ewes and its connection with economically valuable characteristics. Dairy Sci. Abstr. 39 (1977) 6873
116. Suchyta S.P., Sipkovsky S., Halgren R.G., Kruska R., Elftman M., Weber-Nielsen M., Vandehaar M.J., Xiao L., Tempelman R.J., and Coussens P.M. Bovine mammary gene expression profiling using a cDNA microarray enhanced for mammary-specific transcripts. Physiol. Genom. 16 (2004) 8-18
117. Swaisgood H.E. Review and update of casein chemistry. J. Dairy Sci. 76 (1993) 3054-3061
118. Taibi L., Pilla F., Tripaldi C., Annicchiarico G., Bevilacqua C., Napolitano F., and Dell'Aquila S. Influence of crossbred and β-lactoglobulin genotype on milk yield and quality in sheep. Zoot. Nutr. Anim. 25 (1999) 187-193
119. Threadgill D.W., and Womack J.E. Genomic analysis of the major bovine milk protein genes. Nucl. Acid Res. 18 (1990) 6935-6942
120. Veltri, C., 2000. Variabilità strutturale e di espressione dei geni conivolti nella produzione di latte nei piccoli ruminanti. (Structure and expression variability of genes involved in milk production in small ruminants). Ph.D. Thesis. Università del Molise, Italy.
121. Vilotte J.C., Soulier S., Printz C., and Mercier J.C. Sequence of the goat α-lactalbumin-encoding gene: comparison with the bovine gene and evidence of related sequences in the goat genome. Gene 98 (1991) 271-276
122. Ward R.J., Travers M.T., Richards S.E., Vernon R.G., Salter A.M., Buttery P.J., and Barber M.C. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase mRNA is transcribed from a single gene in the ovine genome. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1391 (1998) 145-156
123. Yahyaoui, M.H., 2003. Genetic polymorphism in goat. Ph.D. Thesis. Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Facultad de Veterinaria, Spain.
124. Yahyaoui M.H., Vaiman D., Sánchez A., and Folch J.M. Mapping of the goat stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase gene to chromosome 26. Anim. Genet. 34 (2003) 474
125. Yahyaoui M.H., Angiolillo A., Pilla F., Sanchez A., and Folch J.M. Characterization and genotyping of the caprine kappa casein variants. J. Dairy Sci. 86 (2003) 2715-2720
126. Yahyaoui M.H., Coll A., Sanchez A., and Folch J.M. Genetic polymorphism of the caprine kappa casein gene. J. Dairy Res. 78 (2001) 209-216
127. Yahyaoui M.H., Pena R.N., Sanchez A., and Folch J.M. Polymorphism in the goat β-lactoglobulin proximal promoter region. J. Anim. Sci. 78 (2000) 1100-1111
128. Yahyaoui M.H., Sanchez A., and Folch J.M. Partial nucleotide sequence of the goat stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase cDNA and gene structure. J. Anim. Sci. 80 (2002) 866-867
129. Yahyaoui, M.H., Sanchez, A., Folch, J.M., 2002b. Partial nucleotide sequence of the goat stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase cDNA and gene structure, GenBank AF339909.
130. Yamamoto, N., 2000. Ovis aries α-lactalbumin. GenBank AB052168.