Childhood diarrhoea management practices in Bangladesh: Private sector dominance and continued inequities in care

International Journal of Epidemiology

Volumn 35, Issue 6, 2006, Pages 1430-1439

  Larson, Charles P ^a,b,c   Saha, Unnati Rani ^a   Islam, Rafiqul ^a   Roy, Nikhil ^a  

^a INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR DIARRHOEAL DISEASE RESEARCH   (Bangladesh)

^b MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^c ICDDRB Division of Health Systems and Infectious Diseases   (Bangladesh)

Author keywords

Antibiotics; Diarrhoea; Disparities; Equity; Gender; ORS; Providers; Treatment

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT;

CHILD HEALTH; DIARRHEAL DISEASE; HEALTH CARE; HEALTH SERVICES; MANAGEMENT PRACTICE; MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL; PRIVATE SECTOR;

ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; ARTICLE; BANGLADESH; CHILDHOOD DISEASE; CLUSTER ANALYSIS; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; DIARRHEA; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL; HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; INFANT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; ORAL REHYDRATION THERAPY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PRIVATE PRACTICE; RURAL POPULATION; SAMPLING; SEX DIFFERENCE; SOCIOECONOMICS; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; URBAN POPULATION; URBAN RURAL DIFFERENCE;

ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS; BANGLADESH; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CITIES; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE; DIARRHEA; FEMALE; HEALTH SERVICES ACCESSIBILITY; HUMANS; MALE; PATIENT ACCEPTANCE OF HEALTH CARE; POPULATION SURVEILLANCE; PREVALENCE; PRIVATE SECTOR; PUBLIC SECTOR; REHYDRATION SOLUTIONS; RURAL HEALTH; SEX DISTRIBUTION; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; URBAN HEALTH;

ASIA; BANGLADESH; EURASIA; SOUTH ASIA;

EID: 33846570472     PISSN: 03005771     EISSN: 14643685     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyl167     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Murray C, Lopez A. Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990-2020. Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet 1997;349:1498-504.
2. Jones G, Sketetee RW, Black RE, Bhutta ZA, Morris SS and the Bellagio Child Survival Study Group. How many child deaths can we prevent this year? Lancet 2003;362:65-71.
3. Victora CG, Bryce J, Fontaine O, Monasch R. Reducing deaths from diarrhea through oral rehydration therapy. Bull World Health Organ 2000;78:1246-55.
4. UN Development Project. Investing in development: A pactical plan to achieve the Millennium Development Goals. New York, 2005.
5. Okojie CEE. Gender inequalities of health in the third world. Soc Sci Med 1994;39:1237-47.
6. Visaria PM. The Sex Ratio of the Population of India. Census of India 1961. Vol. 1, monograph no. 10, 1971.
7. Gupta MD. Selective discrimination against female children in rural Punjab, India. Popul Dev Rev 1987;13:77-100.
8. Koenig MA, D'Souza S. Sex differences in childhood mortality in rural Bangladesh. Soc Sci Med 1986;22:15-22.
9. Cen L, Huq E, D'Souza S. Sex bias in the family allocation of food and health care in rural Bangladesh. Popul Dev Rev 1981;7:55-70.
10. Hossain MM, Glass RI. Parental son preference in seeking medical care for children less than five years of age in a rural community in Bangladesh. Am J Public Health 1988;78:1349-50.
11. Ganatra B, Hirve S. Male bias in health care utilization for under-fives in a rural community in western India. Bull World Health Organ 1994;72:101-04.
12. Pandey A, Sengupta PG, Mondal SK et al. Gender differences in healthcare-seeking during common illnesses in a rural community of West Bengal, India. J Health Popul Nutr 2002;20:306-11.
13. National Institute of Population Research and Training (NIPORT), Mitra and Associates, and ORC Macro. Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2004. Dhaka, Bangladesh,2005.
14. ICDDR,B (International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh). Centre for Health and Population Research. Health and Demographic Surveillance System Matlab, vol 36. Registration of health and demographic events. Scientific Report No. 92, June 2005.
15. Pillai RK, Williams SV, Glick HA, Polsky D, Berlin JA, Lowe RA. Factors affecting decisions to seek treatment for sick children in Kerela, India. Soc Sci Med 2003;57:783-90.
16. Bennett S, Woods T, Liyanage WM, Smith DL. A simplified general method for cluster-sample surveys of health in developing countries. World Health Stat Q 1991;44:98-106.
17. Gwatkin D, Rustein S, Johnson K, Prande R, Wagstaff A. Socio-economic differences in health, nutrition and population in Bangladesh. World Bank, 2000. Available at: http://poverty.worldbank.org/library/ view/4212/.
18. Filmer D, Pritchard L. Estimating Wealth Effects Without Expenditure Data: An Application to Educational Enrollments in States of India. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 1994. Washington DC: Development Research Group (DECRG), The World Bank, 1988.
19. Yoon SS, Katz J, Brendel K, West Jr KP. Efficiency of EPI cluster sampling for assessing diarrhea and dysentery prevalence. Bull World Health Org 1997;75:419-26.
20. Perry HB. Health for All in Bangladesh. Dhaka, Bangladesh: The University Press Ltd, 2000, pp. 225-27.
21. Piechulek H, Al-Sabbir A, Mendoza-Aldana J. Diarrhes and ARI in rural ares of Bangladesh. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2003;34:337-42.
22. Keljee LM, Thiem VD, von Seidlein L et al. Healthcare use for diarrhoea and dysentery in actual and hypothetical cases, Nha Trang, Viet Nam. J Health Popul Nutr 2004;22:139-49.
23. Simanjuntak S, Punjabi NH, Wangsasaputra F et al. Diarrhea episodes and treatment-seeking behaviour in a slum area of North Jakarta, Indonesia. J Health Popul Nutr 2004;22:119-29.
24. Sur D, Manna B, Deb AK et al. Factors associated with reported diarrhoea episodes and treatment-seeking in an urban slum of Kolkata, India. J Health Popul Nutr 2004;22:130-38.
25. Mahalanabis D, Faruque AS, Islam A, Hoque SS. Maternal education and family income as determinants of severe disease following acute diarrhea in children: A case-control study. J Biosoc Sci 1996;28:129-39.
26. United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). State of the World's Children 2005: Children Under Threat. New York: UNICEF House, 2005.
27. Ali M, Atkinson D, Underwood P. Determinants of use rate of oral rehydration therapy for management of childhood diarrhea in rural Bangladesh. J Health Popul Nutr 2000;18(2):103-8.
28. Chowdhury AM, Karim F, Sarkar SK, Cash RA, Bhuiya A. The status of ORT (oral rehydration therapy) in Bangladesh: How widely is it used? Health Policy Plan 1997;12:58-66.
29. Howteerakul N, Higginbotham N, Freeman S, Dibley MJ. ORS is never enough: Physician rationales for altering standard treatment guidelines when managing childhood diarrhea in Thailand. Soc Sci Med 2003;57:1031-44.
30. Chouhhry AJ, Mubasher M. Factors influencing the prescribing patterns in acute watery diarrhea. J Pak Med Assoc 1997;47:32-35.
31. Raghu MB, Balasubramanian S, Balasubrahmanyam G, Indumathy, Ramnath A. Drug therapy of acute diarrhea in children - actual practice and recommendations. Indian J Pediatr 1995;62:433-37.
32. Nizami SQ, Khan IA, Bhutta ZA. Drug prescribing practices of general practioners and paediatricians for childhood diarrhea in Karachi, Pakistan. Soc Sci Med 1996;42:1133-39.
33. Alam MB, Ahmed FU, Rahman ME. Misuse of drugs in acute diarrhea in under-five children. Bangladesh Med Res Coinc Bull 1998;24:27-31.
34. Chowdhury AK, Matin MA, Islam MA, Khan OF. Prescribing pattern in acute diarrhea in three districts in Bangladesh. Trop Doct 1993; 23:165-66.
35. WHO/UNICEF Joint Statement. Clinical Management of Acute Diarrhea. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2004, p. 8.