Political tolerance and territorial threat: A cross-national study

Journal of Politics

Volumn 69, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 128-142

  Hutchison, Marc L ^a   Gibler, Douglas M ^b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33846555593     PISSN: 00223816     EISSN: 14682508     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2508.2007.00499.x     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Almond, Gabriel, and Sidney Verba. 1963. The Civic Culture. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
2. Colaresi, Michael, and William R. Thompson. 2005. "Alliances, Arms Buildups and Recurrent Conflict: Testing a Steps-to-War Model." Journal of Politics 67 (2): 345-64.
3. Coser, Lewis A. 1956. The Functions of Social Conflict. Glencoe, IL: The Free Press.
4. Dahl, Robert A. 1991. Democracy and Its Critics. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
5. Davis, Darren W., and Brian D. Silver. 2004. "Civil Liberties vs. Security: Public Opinion in the Context of the Terrorist Attacks on America." American Journal of Political Science 48 (1): 28-46.
6. Davis, James A. 1975. "Communism, Conformity, Cohorts, and Categories: American Tolerance in 1954 and 1972-73." American Journal of Sociology 81 (3): 491-513.
7. Duch, Raymond M., and James L. Gibson. 1992. "Putting Up with Fascists in Western Europe: A Comparative, Cross-level Analysis of Political Tolerance." Western Political Quarterly 45 (1): 237-74.
8. Fearon, James D., and David D. Laitin. 2003. "Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War." American Political Science Review 97 (1): 75-90.
9. Feldman, Stanley, and Karen Stenner. 1997. "Perceived Threat and Authoritarianism." Political Psychology 18 (4): 741-70.
10. Ghosn, Faten, Glenn Palmer, and Stuart Bremer. 2004. "The MID3 Data Set, 1993-2001: Procedures, Coding Rules, and Description." Conflict Management and Peace Science 21 (2): 133-54.
11. Gibier, Douglas M. 1996. "Alliances that Never Balance: The Territorial Settlement Treaty." Conflict Management and Peace Science 16 (1): 75-97.
12. Gibier, Douglas M. 1997. "Control the Issues, Control the Conflict: The Effects of Alliances that Settle Territorial Issues on Interstate Rivalries." International Interactions 22 (4): 341-68.
13. Gibson, James L. 1992a. "The Political Consequences of Intolerance: Cultural Conformity and Political Freedom." American Political Science Review 86 (2): 338-56.
14. Gibson, James L. 1992b. "Alternative Measures of Political Tolerance: Must Tolerance be 'Least-Liked'?" American Journal of Political Science 36 (2): 560-77.
15. Gibson, James L. 1998. "A Sober Second Thought: An Experiment in Persuading Russians to Tolerate." American Journal of Political Science 42 (3): 819-50.
16. Gibson, James L. 2004. Overcoming Apartheid: Can Truth Reconcile a Divided Nation? New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
17. Gibson, James L. 2006. "Enigmas of Intolerance: Fifty Years after Stouffer's Communism, Conformity, and Civil Liberties." Perspectives on Politics 4(1): 21-34.
18. Gibson, James L., and Raymond M. Duch. 1993. "Political Intolerance in the USSR: The Distribution and Etiology of Mass Opinion." Comparative Political Studies 26 (3): 286-329.
19. Gibson, James L., and Amanda Gouws. 2003. Overcoming Intolerance in South Africa: Experiments in Democratic Persuasion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
20. Goertz, Gary, and Paul F. Diehl. 1992. Territorial Changes and International Conflict. New York: Routeledge.
21. Hensel, Paul R. 1994. "One Thing Leads to Another: Recurrent Militarized Disputes in Latin America, 1816-1986." Journal of Peace Research 31 (3): 281-97.
22. Hensel, Paul R. 1996. "Charting a Course to Conflict: Territorial Issues and Interstate Conflict, 1816-1992." Conflict Management and Peace Science 15 (1): 43-73.
23. Hensel, Paul R. 1998. "Interstate Rivalry and the Study of Militarized Conflict." In New Directions in the Study of International Conflict, Crises, and War, eds. F. Harvey and B. Mor. New York: St. Martin's Press (for International Political Science Association), pp. 162-204.
24. Holsti, Kalevi J. 1991. Peace and War: Armed Conflicts and International Order, 1648-1989. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
25. Horowitz, Donald L. 1985. Ethnic Groups in Conflict. Berkeley: University of California Press.
26. Huddy, Leonie, Stanley Feldman, Charles Taber, and Gallya Lahav. 2005. "Threat, Anxiety, and Support for Antiterrorism Policies." American Journal of Political Science 49 (3): 593-608.
27. Huntington, Samuel P. 1996. The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. New York: Simon & Schuster.
28. Huth, Paul. 1996. Standing Your Ground. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
29. Inglehart, Ronald. 1997. Modernization and Postmodernization, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
30. Inglehart, Ronald, et al. 2003. World Values Surveys and European Values Surveys, 1981-1984, 1990-1993, and 1995-1997 [Computer file]. ICPSR02790-v1. Ann Arbor, MI: Institute for Social Research [producer], 1999. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor].
31. King, Gary, Robert Keohane, and Sidney Verba. 1994. Designing Social Inquiry. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
32. Kocs, Stephen A. 1995. "Territorial Disputes and Interstate War." Journal of Politics 57 (1): 159-75.
33. Marcus, Georges E., John L. Sullivan, Elizabeth Theiss-Morse, and Sandra L. Wood. 1995. With Malice Toward Some: How People Make Civil Liberties Judgments. New York: Cambridge University Press.
34. Marshall, Monty G., and Keith Jaggers. 2002. Polity IV Project: Political Regime Characteristics and Transitions, 1800-2002. Integrated Network for Societal Conflict Research (INSCR) Program [Online]. Available from www.cidcm.umd.edu/inscr/polity.
35. Mondak, Jeffrey J., and Mitchell S. Sanders. 2003. "Tolerance and Intolerance, 1976-1998." American Journal of Political Science 47 (3): 492-502.
36. Nunn, Clyde Z., Harry J. Crockett Jr., and J. Allen Williams Jr. 1978. Tolerance for Nonconformity. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
37. Peffley, Mark, and Robert Rohrschneider. 2003. "Democratization and Political Tolerance in Seventeen Countries: A Multilevel Model of Democratic Learning." Political Research Quarterly 56 (3): 243-57.
38. Raudenbush, Stephen W., and Anthony S. Bryk. 2002. Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods. 2nd ed. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
39. Raudenbush, Stephen W., Anthony S. Bryk, and Richard Congdon. 2005. HLM 6. Hierarchical Linear and Nonlinear Modeling. Chicago: SSI, Inc.
40. Roy, A. Bikash. 1997. "Intervention Across Bisecting Borders." Journal of Peace Research 34 (3): 303-14.
41. Senese, Paul D. 1996. "Geographic Proximity and Issue Salience: Their Effects on the Escalation of Militarized Interstate Conflict." Conflict Management and Peace Science 15 (1): 133-61.
42. Senese, Paul D., and John A. Vasquez. 2003. "A Unified Explanation of Territorial Conflict: Testing the Impact of Sampling Bias, 1919-1992." International Studies Quarterly 47 (2): 275-98.
43. Senese, Paul D., and John A. Vasquez. 2005. "Assessing the Steps to War." British Journal of Political Science 35 (4): 607-33.
44. Shamir, Michal. 1991. "Political Intolerance among Masses and Elites in Israel: A Reevaluation of the Elitist Theory of Democracy." Journal of Politics 53 (4): 1018-1043.
45. Shamir, Michal, and Tammy Sagiv-Schifter. 2006. "Conflict, Identity and Tolerance: Israel in the Al-Aqsa Intifada." Political Psychology 27 (3): 569-96.
46. Sherif, Muzafer, O. J. Harvey, B. Jack White, W. R. Hood, and Carolyn W. Sherif. 1961. Intergroup Conflict and Cooperation: The Robbers Cave Experiment. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
47. Simmel, Georg. 1955. Conflict. Trans. K. H. Wolff. Glencoe, IL: The Free Press.
48. Stouffer, Samuel. 1955. Communism, Conformity, and Civil Liberties. New York: Doubleday.
49. Sullivan, John, James Piereson, and George E. Marcus. 1982. Political Tolerance and American Democracy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
50. Sullivan, John, Michal Shamir, Patrick Walsh, and Nigel Roberts. 1985. Political Tolerance in Context: Support for Unpopular Minorities in Israel, New Zealand, and the United States. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
51. Sullivan, John, Patrick Walsh, Michal Shamir, David Barnum, and James L. Gibson. 1993. "Why Are Politicians More Tolerant? Selective Recruitment and Socialization among Elites in New Zealand, Israel, Britain and the United States." British Journal of Political Science 23 (1): 51-76.
52. Tajfel, Henri. 1981. Human Groups and Social Categories: Studies in Social Psychology. New York: Cambridge University Press.
53. Vasquez, John A. 1993. The War Puzzle. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
54. Vasquez, John A. 1995. "Why Do Neighbors Fight? Proximity, Interaction, or Territoriality?" Journal of Peace Research 32 (3): 277-93.
55. Vasquez, John A. 2004. "The Probability of War, 1816-1992." International Studies Quarterly 48 (1): 1-28.
56. Vasquez, John A., and Douglas M. Gibler. 2001. "The Steps to War in Asia, 1931-1945." Security Studies 10 (3): 1-45.