European regional organizations, political conditionality, and democratic transformation in eastern Europe

East European Politics and Societies

Volumn 21, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 126-141

  Schimmelfennig, Frank ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

Conditionality; Democracy; Enlargement; European Union; Human rights

Indexed keywords

EID: 33846553614     PISSN: 08883254     EISSN: 15338371     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0888325406297131     Document Type: Article

References (16)

1. Alistair Iain Johnston, "Treating International Institutions as Social Environments," International Studies Quarterly 45: 4 (2001). 487-515.
2. Andreas Hasenclever, Die Macht der Moral in der internationalen Politik. Militärische Interventionen westlicher Staaten in Somalia, Ruanda und Bosnien-Herzegowina (Frankfurt, Germany: Campus, 2001). 407-419.
3. There is a broad consensus in the literature on the essential condition of credible membership incentives for an effective impact of European regional organizations on democratic change and consolidation in the Central and Eastern Europe. See Judith G. Kelley, Ethnic Politics in Europe: The Power of Norms and Incentives (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2004). for a comparison of socialization and conditionality strategies in ethnic politics; Paul J. Kubicek, ed., The European Union and Democratization (London: Routledge, 2003), for a comparison of numerous target countries; Frank Schimmelfennig, Stefan Engert, and Heiko Knobel, International Socialization in Europe: European Organizations, Political Conditionality, and Democratic Change (Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006), for a qualitative comparative analysis of conditions of successful international strategies of promoting democratic change; and Milada Anna Vachudova, Europe Undivided: Democracy, Leverage, and Integration since 1989 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), for a comparison of "passive" and "active leverage" in EU policy toward Central and Eastern Europe.
4. Kelley, Ethnic Politics, 73-93 ; and Frank Schimmelfennig, Stefan Engert, and Heiko Knobel, "Cost, Commitment and Compliance: The Impact of EU Democratic Conditionality on Latvia, Slovakia and Turkey," Journal of Common Market Studies 41:3(2003): 495-518, esp. 510-14.
5. Andrew Moravcsik and Milada Vachudova, "Preferences, Power and Equilibrium: The Causes and Consequences of EU Enlargement," In Frank Schimmelfennig and Ulrich Sedelmeier, eds., The Politics of European Union Enlargement: Theoretical Approaches (London: Routledge, 2005). 201-201.
6. Frank Schimmelfennig, The EU, NATO and the Integration of Europe: Rules and Rhetoric (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 40-66.
7. Schimmelfennig, Engert, and Knobel, International Socialization, 97-110.
8. Schimmelfennig, The EU, NATO and the Integration of Europe, 92-108.
9. Schimmelfennig, Engert, and Knobel, International Socialization, 230-241.
10. Vachudova, Europe Undivided, 181-221.
11. Krzysztof Jasiewicz, "Elections and Voting Behaviour," In Stephen White, Judy Batt, and Paul G. Lewis, eds., Developments in Central and East European Politics (Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan, 1998). 186-186 ; and Alex Pravda, "Introduction," In Jan Zielonka and Alex Pravda, eds., Democratic Consolidation in Eastern Europe (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), 26-27.
12. This section is based on Frank Schimmelfennig, "Strategic Calculation and International Socialization: Membership Incentives, Party Constellations, and Sustained Compliance in Central and Eastern Europe," International Organization 59: 4 (2005). 827-860.
13. See Michael McFaul, "The Fourth Wave of Democracy and Dictatorship: Noncooperative Transitions in the Postcommunist World," World Politics 54: 2 (2002). 212-244, for a similar three-way categorization based on the domestic balance between democratic and ancient régime parties, and Vachudova, Europe Undivided, for the distinction between transition countries with a liberal and an illiberal pattern of domestic change. The illiberal pattern is congruent with a mixed party constellation here.
14. Richard Youngs, The European Union and the Promotion of Democracy: Europe's Mediterranean and Asian Policies (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001). 90-91.
15. Judith Kelley, "New Wine in Old Wineskins: Promoting Political Reforms through the New European Neighborhood Policy," Journal of Common Market Studies 44: 1 (2006). 29-55.
16. On the conditions of such situations, see Michael McFaul, "Transitions from Postcommunism," Journal of Democracy 16: 3 (2005). 5-19.