An upper limit to the photon fraction in cosmic rays above 1019 eV from the Pierre Auger Observatory

Astroparticle Physics

Volumn 27, Issue 2-3, 2007, Pages 155-168

  Abraham, J ^ab   Aglietta, M ^bi   Aguirre, C ^ad   Allard, D ^q   Allekotte, I ^a   Allison, P ^m   Alvarez, C ^bl   Alvarez Muniz J ^c   Ambrosio, M ^bf   Anchordoqui, L ^l,w   Anjos, J C ^af   Aramo, C ^bf   Arisaka, K ^p   Armengaud, E ^ar   Arneodo, F ^bj   Arqueros, F ^a   Asch, T ^b   Asorey, H ^a   Atulugama, B S ⁿ   Aublin, J ^aq   Ave, M ^q   Avila, G ^y   Bacelar, J ^bq   Backer T ^ba   Badagnani, D ^aa   Barbosa, A F ^af   Barbosa, H M J ^ai   Barkhausen, M ^av   Barnhill, D ^p   Barroso, S L C ^af   Bauleo, P ^h   Beatty, J ^m   Beau, T ^ar   Becker, B R ^u   Becker, K H ^av   Bellido, J A ^v   BenZvi, S ⁱ   Berat, C ^au   Bergmann, T ^az   Bernardini, P ^bd   Bertou, X ^a   Biermann, P L ^ax   Billoir, P ^at   Blanch Bigas, O ^at   Blanco, F ^a   Blasi, P ^bd   Bleve, C ^f   Blumer H ^az   Boghrat, P ^p   Bohacova M ^ap   Bonifazi, C ^af   Bonino, R ^bi   Boratav, M ^at   Brack, J ^r   Brunet, J M ^ar   Buchholz, P ^ba   Busca, N G ^q   Caballero Mora, K S ^az   Cai, B ^s   Camin, D V ^be   Capdevielle, J N ^ar   Caruso, R ^bk   Castellina, A ^bi   Cataldi, G ^bd   Cazon L ^q   Cester, R ^bh   Chauvin, J ^au   Chiavassa, A ^bi   Chinellato, J A ^ai   Chou, A ^j   Chye, J ^k   Claes, D ^t   Clark, P D J ^e   Clay, R W ^ac   Clay, S B ^ac   Connolly, B ⁱ   Cordier, A ^as   Cotti, U ^bn   Coutu, S ⁿ   Covault, C E ^g   Cronin, J ^q   Dagoret Campagne, S ^as   Dang Quang, T ^x   Darriulat, P ^x   Daumiller, K ^aw   Dawson, B R ^ac   de Almeida, R M ^ai   de Carvalho, L A ^ai   De Donato, C ^be   de Jong, S J ^bp   de Mello Jr , W J M ^ai   de Mello Neto, J R T ^am   De Mitri, I ^bd   de Oliveira, M A L ^ak   de Souza, V ^ah   del Peral, L ^bw   Deligny, O ^aq   Della Selva, A ^bf   Delle Fratte, C ^bg   Dembinski, H ^ay   Di Giulio, C ^bg   Diaz, J C ^k   Dobrigkeit, C ^ai   D'Olivo, J C ^bo   Dornic, D ^aq   Dorofeev, A ^j   Dova, M T ^aa   D'Urso, D ^bf   DuVernois, M A ^s   Engel, R ^aw   Epele, L ^aa   Erdmann, M ^ay   Escobar, C O ^ai   Etchegoyen, A ^y   Ewers, A ^av   Facal San Luis, P ^c   Falcke, H ^bp,bs   Fauth, A C ^ai   Fazio, D ^bk   Fazzini, N ^j   Fernandez A ^bl   Ferrer, F ^g   Ferry, S ^bv   Fick, B ^k   Filevich, A ^y   Filipcic A ^bv   Fleck, I ^ba   Fokitis, E ^bb   Fonte, R ^bk   Fuhrmann, D ^av   Fulgione, W ^bi   Garcia B ^ab   Garcia Pinto, D ^a   Garrard, L ^h   Garrido, X ^as   Geenen, H ^av   Gelmini, G ^p   Gemmeke, H ^b   Geranios, A ^bc   Ghia, P L ^bi   Giller, M ^bu   Gitto, J ^ab   Glass, H ^j   Gobbi, F ^ab   Gold, M S ^u   Gomez Albarracin, F ^aa   Gomez Berisso M ^a   Gomez Herrero R ^bw   Goncalves do Amaral M ^an   Gongora, J P ^ab   Gonzalez, D ^az   Gonzalez, J G ^l   Gonzalez M ^bm   Gora D ^az,bt   Gorgi, A ^bi   Gouffon, P ^ag   Grassi, V ^be   Grillo, A ^bj   Grunfeld, C ^aa   Grupen, C ^ba   Guarino, F ^bf   Guedes, G P ^aj   Gutierrez J ^bw   Hague, J D ^u   Hamilton, J C ^at   Harakeh, M N ^bq   Harari, D ^a   Harmsma, S ^bq   Hartmann, S ^av   Harton, J L ^h   Healy, M D ^p   Hebbeker, T ^ay   Heck, D ^aw   Hojvat, C ^j   Homola, P ^bt   Horandel J ^az   Horneffer, A ^bp   Horvat, M ^bv   Hrabovsky M ^ap   Iarlori, M ^bd   Insolia, A ^bk   Kaducak, M ^j   Kalashev, O ^p   Kampert, K H ^av   Keilhauer, B ^az   Kemp, E ^ai   Klages, H O ^aw   Kleifges, M ^b   Kleinfeller, J ^aw   Knapik, R ^h   Knapp, J ^f   Koang, D H ^au   Kolotaev, Y ^ba   Kopmann, A ^b   Kromer O ^b   Kuhlman, S ^j   Kuijpers, J ^bp   Kunka, N ^b   Kusenko, A ^p   Lachaud, C ^ar   Lago, B L ^am   Lebrun, D ^au   LeBrun, P ^j   Lee, J ^p   Letessier Selvon, A ^at   Leuthold, M ^m,ay   Lhenry Yvon, I ^aq   Longo, G ^bf   Lopez R ^bl   Lopez Aguera A ^c   Lucero, A ^ab   Maldera, S ^bi   Malek, M ^j   Maltezos, S ^bb   Mancarella, G ^bd   Mancenido M E ^aa   Mandat, D ^ap   Mantsch, P ^j   Mariazzi, A G ^f   Maris, I C ^az   Martello, D ^bd   Martinez, N ^aa   Martinez J ^bm   Martinez O ^bl   Mathes, H J ^aw   Matthews, J ^j,o   Matthews, J A J ^u   Matthiae, G ^bg   Maurin, G ^ar   Maurizio, D ^bh   Mazur, P O ^j   McCauley, T ^l   McEwen, M ^j   McNeil, R R ^j   Medina, G ^bo   Medina, M C ^y   Medina Tanco, G ^ah   Meli, A ^ax   Melo, D ^y   Menichetti, E ^bh   Menshikov, A ^b   Meurer, Chr ^aw   Meyhandan, R ^j   Micheletti, M I ^y   Miele, G ^bf   Miller, W ^u   Mollerach, S ^a   Monasor, M ^a,bw   Monnier Ragaigne, D ^as   Montanet, F ^au   Morales, B ^bo   Morello, C ^bi   Moreno, E ^bl   Morris, C ^m   Mostafa M ^v   Muller, M A ^ai   Mussa, R ^bh   Navarra, G ^bi   Nellen, L ^bo   Newman Holmes, C ^j   Newton, D ^c   Nguyen Thi, T ^x   Nichol, R ^m   Nierstenhofer N ^av   Nitz, D ^k   Nogima, H ^ai   Nosek, D ^ao   Nozka L ^ap   Oehlschlager J ^aw   Ohnuki, T ^p   Olinto, A ^q   Oliveira, L F A ^am   Olmos Gilbaja, V M ^c   Ortiz, M ^a   Ostapchenko, S ^aw   Otero, L ^ab   Palatka, M ^ap   Pallotta, J ^ab   Parente, G ^c   Parizot, E ^aq   Parlati, S ^bj   Patel, M ^f   Paul, T ^l   Payet, K ^au   Pech, M ^ap   Pekala J ^bt   Pelayo, R ^bm   Pepe, I M ^al   Perrone, L ^bd   Petrera, S ^bd   Petrinca, P ^bg   Petrov, Y ^h   Pham Ngoc, D ^x   Pham Thi, T N ^x   Piegaia, R ^aa   Pierog, T ^aw   Pisanti, O ^bf   Porter, T A ^j   Pouryamout, J ^av   Prado Jr , L ^ai   Privitera, P ^bg   Prouza, M ⁱ   Quel, E J ^ab   Rautenberg, J ^av   Reis, H C ^ah   Reucroft, S ^l   Revenu, B ^ar   Ridky J ^ap   Risi, A ^ab   Risse, M ^aw   Riviere C ^au   Rizi, V ^bd   Robbins, S ^av   Roberts, M ⁿ   Robledo, C ^bl   Rodriguez, G ^c   Rodriguez Frias D ^bw   Rodriguez Martino, J ^bg   Rodriguez Rojo, J ^bg   Ros, G ^a,bw   Rosado, J ^a   Roth, M ^aw   Roucelle, C ^at   Rouille d'Orfeuil B ^at   Roulet, E ^a   Rovero, A C ^y   Salamida, F ^bd   Salazar, H ^bl   Salina, G ^bg   Sanchez F ^y   Santander, M ^z   Santos, E M ^af   Sarkar, S ^d   Sato, R ^z   Scherini, V ^av   Schmidt, T ^az   Scholten, O ^bq   Schovanek P ^ap   Schussler F ^aw   Sciutto, S J ^aa   Scuderi, M ^bk   Semikoz, D ^ar   Sequeiros, G ^bh   Shellard, R C ^af   Siffert, B B ^am   Sigl, G ^ar   Skelton, P ^f   Slater, W ^p   Smetniansky De Grande, N ^y   Smialkowski A ^bu   Smida R ^ap   Smith, B E ^f   Snow, G R ^t   Sokolsky, P ^v   Sommers, P ⁿ   Sorokin, J ^ac   Spinka, H ^j   Strazzeri, E ^bg   Stutz, A ^au   Suarez, F ^bi   Suomijarvi T ^aq   Supanitsky, A D ^y   Swain, J ^l   Szadkowski, Z ^av,bu   Tamashiro, A ^y   Tamburro, A ^az   Tascau, O ^av   Ticona, R ^ae   Timmermans, C ^bp,br   Tkaczyk, W ^bu   Todero Peixoto, C J ^ai   Tonachini, A ^bh   Torresi, D ^bk   Travnicek, P ^ap   Tripathi, A ^p   Tristram, G ^ar   Tscherniakhovski, D ^b   Tueros, M ^aa   Tunnicliffe, V ^e   Ulrich, R ^aw   Unger, M ^aw   Urban, M ^as   Valdes Galicia J F ^bo   Valino I ^c   Valore, L ^bf   van den Berg, A M ^bq   van Elewyck, V ^aq   Vazquez, R A ^c   Veberic D ^bv   Veiga, A ^aa   Velarde, A ^ae   Venters, T ^q   Verzi, V ^bg   Videla, M ^ab   Villasenor L ^bn   Vo Van, T ^x   Vorobiov, S ^ar   Voyvodic, L ^j   Wahlberg, H ^aa   Wainberg, O ^y   Waldenmaier, T ^az   Walker, P ^e   Warner, D ^h   Watson, A A ^f   Westerhoff, S ⁱ   Wiebusch, C ^av   Wieczorek, G ^bu   Wiencke, L ^v   Wilczynska B ^bt   Wilczynski H ^bt   Wileman, C ^f   Winnick, M G ^ac   Xu, J ^b   Yamamoto, T ^q   Younk, P ^k   Zas, E ^c   Zavrtanik, D ^bv   Zavrtanik, M ^bv   Zech, A ^at   Zepeda, A ^bm   Zha, M ^f   Ziolkowski, M ^ba   more..

^a Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto M Lillo   (Argentina)

^b INSTITUTO DE ASTRONOMÍA Y FÍSICA DEL ESPACIO   (Argentina)

^c OBSERVATORIO PIERRE AUGER   (Argentina)

^d FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS EXACTAS   (Argentina)

^e UNIVERSIDAD TECNOLÓGICA NACIONAL   (Argentina)

^f UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE   (Australia)

^g Universidad Catolica de Bolivia   (Bolivia)

^h UNIVERSIDAD MAYOR DE SAN ANDRÉS   (Bolivia)

ⁱ CENTRO BRASILEIRO DE PESQUISAS FÍSICAS   (Brazil)

^j UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO   (Brazil)

^k UNIVERSITY OF CAMPINAS   (Brazil)

^l DEPARTAMENTO DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS   (Brazil)

^m UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DO SUDOESTE DA BAHIA   (Brazil)

ⁿ FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF BAHIA   (Brazil)

^o FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF RIO DE JANEIRO   (Brazil)

^p FLUMINENSE FEDERAL UNIVERSITY   (Brazil)

^q CHARLES UNIVERSITY   (Czech Republic)

^r INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS   (Czech Republic)

^s UNIVERSITÉ PARIS SACLAY   (France)

^t UNIVERSITÉ PARIS DIDEROT   (France)

^u UNIVERSITÉ PARIS SUD   (France)

^v UNIVERSITÉ PARIS DIDEROT   (France)

^w UNIVERSITÉ JOSEPH FOURIER GRENOBLE 1   (France)

^x UNIVERSITY OF WUPPERTAL   (Germany)

^y KARLSRUHE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Germany)

^z MAX PLANCK INSTITUT FÜR RADIOASTRONOMIE   (Germany)

^aa RWTH AACHEN UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^ab UNIVERSITY OF KARLSRUHE   (Germany)

^ac UNIVERSITY OF SIEGEN   (Germany)

^ad NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS   (Greece)

^ae UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS   (Greece)

^af UNIVERSITY OF L'AQUILA   (Italy)

^ag UNIVERSITY OF SALENTO   (Italy)

^ah UNIVERSITY OF MILAN   (Italy)

^ai INFN SEZIONE DI NAPOLI   (Italy)

^aj UNIVERSITY OF ROME TOR VERGATA   (Italy)

^ak UNIVERSITY OF TURIN   (Italy)

^al UNIVERSITY OF GENOA   (Italy)

^am LABORATORI NAZIONALI DEL GRAN SASSO   (Italy)

^an UNIVERSITY OF CATANIA   (Italy)

^ao BENEMÉRITA UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE PUEBLA   (Mexico)

^ap DEPARTAMENTO DE FÍSICA   (Mexico)

^aq UNIVERSIDAD MICHOACANA DE SAN NICOLÁS DE HIDALGO   (Mexico)

^ar UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO   (Mexico)

^as RADBOUD UNIVERSITY NIJMEGEN   (Netherlands)

^at UNIVERSITY OF GRONINGEN   (Netherlands)

^au NIKHEF   (Netherlands)

^av ASTRON   (Netherlands)

^aw INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS   (Poland)

^ax UNIVERSITY OF LODZ   (Poland)

^ay UNIVERSITY OF NOVA GORICA   (Slovenia)

^az UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID   (Spain)

^ba UNIVERSITY OF ALCALÁ   (Spain)

^bb UNIVERSITY OF SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA   (Spain)

^bc UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^bd UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

^be CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^bf Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences   (United States)

^bg Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology ^*  (United States)

^bh FERMI NATIONAL ACCELERATOR LABORATORY   (United States)

^bi LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^bj MICHIGAN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^bk NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^bl OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^bm PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^bn SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^bo UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^bp UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO   (United States)

^bq UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^br University of Minnesota   (United States)

^bs UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA LINCOLN   (United States)

^bt UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO   (United States)

^bu UNIVERSITY OF UTAH   (United States)

^bv UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MILWAUKEE   (United States)

^bw VIETNAM ATOMIC ENERGY INSTITUTE   (Viet Nam)

more..

Author keywords

Cosmic rays; Extensive air showers; Pierre Auger Observatory; Ultra high energy photons

Indexed keywords

AUGER ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY; FLUORESCENCE; PHOTONS;

EXTENSIVE AIR SHOWERS; PIERRE AUGER OBSERVATORY; ULTRA HIGH ENERGY PHOTONS;

COSMIC RAYS;

EID: 33846527080     PISSN: 09276505     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2006.10.004     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Nagano M., and Watson A.A. Rev. Mod. Phys. 72 (2000) 689
2. In: Boratav M., Sigl G., and Physique C.R. (Eds). Ultimate Energy Particles in the Universe vol. 5 (2004), Elsevier, Paris
3. Cronin J. Nucl. Phys. B, Proc. Suppl. 138 (2005) 465
4. Greisen K. Phys. Rev. Lett. 16 (1966) 748
5. Zatsepin G.T., and Kuzmin V.A. JETP Lett. 4 (1966) 78
6. Bhattacharjee P., and Sigl G. Phys. Rep. 327 (2000) 109
7. Sarkar S. Acta Phys. Polon. B35 (2004) 351
8. G. Gelmini, O.E. Kalashev, D.V. Semikoz. .
9. Takeda M., et al. Astropart. Phys. 19 (2003) 447
10. Ave M., et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 (2000) 2244
11. Phys. Rev. D65 (2002) 063007
12. Shinozaki K., et al. Astrophys. J. 571 (2002) L117
13. Risse M., et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 (2005) 171102
14. Pierre Auger Collaboration, in: Proc. 29th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf., Pune, vol. 7, 2005, p. 369.
15. Hill C.T. Nucl. Phys. B 224 (1983) 469
16. Hindmarsh M.B., and Kibble T.W.B. Rep. Prog. Phys. 58 (1995) 477
17. Berezinsky V., Kachelrieß M., and Vilenkin A. Phys. Rev. Lett. 79 (1997) 4302
18. Birkel M., and Sarkar S. Astropart. Phys. 9 (1998) 297
19. J. Ellis, V. Mayes, D.V. Nanopoulos. .
20. Weiler T.J. Phys. Rev. Lett. 49 (1982) 234
21. Weiler T.J. Astropart. Phys. 11 (1999) 303
22. Fargion D., Mele B., and Salis A. Astrophys. J. 517 (1999) 725
23. Fodor Z., and Katz S.D. Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 (2001) 3224
24. Sarkar S., and Toldra R. Nucl. Phys. B621 (2002) 495
25. Barbot C., and Drees M. Astropart. Phys. 20 (2003) 5
26. Aloisio R., Berezinsky V., and Kachelrieß M. Phys. Rev. D 69 (2004) 094023
27. Abbasi R.U., et al. Phys. Lett. B 619 (2005) 271
28. Kalmykov N.N., Ostapchenko S.S., and Pavlov A.I. Nucl. Phys. B 52B Proc. Suppl. (1997) 17
29. Ostapchenko S. Nucl. Phys. B 151 Proc. Suppl. (2006) 143
30. R. Engel, T.K. Gaisser, P. Lipari, T. Stanev, in: Proc. 26th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf., Salt Lake City, 1999, p. 415.
31. Knapp J., et al. Astropart. Phys. 19 (2003) 77
32. Landau L.D., and Pomeranchuk I.Ya. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 92 (1953) 535 & 735
33. Migdal A.B. Phys. Rev. 103 (1956) 1811
34. Erber T. Rev. Mod. Phys. 38 (1966) 626
35. McBreen B., and Lambert C.J. Phys. Rev. D 24 (1981) 2536
36. Stanev T., and Vankov H.P. Phys. Rev. D 55 (1997) 1365
37. Homola P., et al. Comp. Phys. Comm. 173 (2005) 71
38. D. Heck et al., Reports FZKA 6019 & 6097, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, 1998.
39. Eidelmann S., et al. Particle Data Group. Phys. Lett. B 592 (2004) 1
40. Pierre Auger Collaboration, in: Proc. 29th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf., Pune, vol. 7, 2005, p. 13. .
41. Pierre Auger Collaboration, in: Proc. 29th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf., Pune, vol. 7, 2005, p. 1. .
42. Abraham J., et al. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 523 (2004) 50
43. Pierre Auger Collaboration, in: Proc. 29th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf., Pune, vol. 7, 2005, p. 17.
44. Pierre Auger Collaboration, in: Proc. 29th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf., Pune, vol. 8, 2005, p. 343.
45. Pierre Auger Collaboration, in: Proc. 29th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf., Pune, vol. 8, 2005, p. 5. .
46. Pierre Auger Collaboration, in: Proc. 29th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf., Pune, vol. 7, 2005, p. 123. .
47. Pierre Auger Collaboration, in: Proc. 29th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf., Pune, vol. 8, 2005, p. 347.
48. Pierre Auger Collaboration, in: Proc. 29th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf., Pune, vol. 8, 2005, p. 335.
49. Pierre Auger Collaboration, in: Proc. 29th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf., Pune, vol. 7, 2005, p. 127. .
50. M. Unger, in preparation.
51. T.K. Gaisser, A.M. Hillas, in: Proc. 15th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf., Plovdiv, vol. 8, 1977, p. 353.
52. Barbosa H.M.J., et al. Astropart. Phys. 22 (2004) 159
53. T. Pierog et al., Proc. 29th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf., Pune, vol. 7, 2005, p. 103.
54. Bergmann T., et al. Astropart. Phys. 26 (2006) 420
55. Prado L., et al. Nucl. Instr. Meth. A545 (2005) 632
56. Pierre Auger Collaboration, in: Proc. 29th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf., Pune, vol. 7, 2005, p. 283.
57. Rogers T.C., and Strikman M.I. J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 32 (2006) 2041
58. Risse M., et al. Czech. J. Phys. 56 (2006) A327. Available from:
59. Bertou X., Billoir P., and Dagoret-Campagne S. Astropart. Phys. 14 (2000) 121
60. Rubtsov G.I., et al. Phys. Rev. D 73 (2006) 063009