Understanding equatorial atlantic interannual variability

Journal of Climate

Volumn 20, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 131-142

  Keenlyside, Noel S ^a   Latif, Mojib ^a  

^a GEOMAR HELMHOLTZ CENTRE FOR OCEAN RESEARCH KIEL   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE CHANGE; REGRESSION ANALYSIS;

INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE COUPLED MODE; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES;

CLIMATOLOGY;

AIR-SEA INTERACTION; ANNUAL VARIATION; ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN COUPLING; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SEASONAL VARIATION; SEASONALITY; TEMPERATURE ANOMALY;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; ATLANTIC OCEAN (EQUATORIAL);

EID: 33846454671     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JCLI3992.1     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Carton, J. A., and B. Huang, 1994: Warm events in the tropical Atlantic. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 888-903.
2. Chang, P., L. Ji, and H. Li, 1997: A decadal climate variation in the tropical Atlantic Ocean from thermodynamic air-sea interactions. Nature, 385, 516-518.
3. Chang, P., R. Saravanan, L. Ji, and G. C. Hegerl, 2000: The effect of local sea surface temperatures on atmospheric circulation over the tropical Atlantic sector. J. Climate, 13, 2195-2216.
4. Chang, P., R. Saravanan, L. Ji, and G. C. Hegerl, 2003: Tropical Atlantic seasonal predictability: The roles of El Niño remote influence and thermodynamic air-sea feedback. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1501, doi:10.1029/2002GL016119.
5. Chiang, J. C. H., Y. Kushnir, and A. Giannini, 2002: Deconstructing Atlantic Intertropical Convergence Zone variability: Influence of the local cross-equatorial sea surface temperature gradient and remote forcing from the eastern equatorial Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4004, doi:10.1029/2000JD000307.
6. da Silva, A. M., C. C. Young-Molling, and S. Levitus, 1994: Algorithms and Procedures. Vol. 1, Atlas of Surface Marine Data 1994, NOAA Atlas NESDIS 6, 83 pp.
7. Davey, M., and Coauthors, 2002: STOIC: A study of coupled model climatologv and variability in tropical ocean regions. Climate Dyn., 18, 403-420.
8. Davis, R. E., 1976: Predictability of sea surface temperature and sea level pressure anomalies over the North Pacific Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 6, 249-266.
9. Dommenget, D., and M. Latif, 2000: Interannual to decadal variability in the tropical Atlantic. J. Climate, 13, 777-792.
10. Ebisuzaki, W., 1997: A method to estimate the statistical significance of a correlation when the data are serially correlated. J. Climate, 10, 2147-2153.
11. Enfield, D. B., and D. A. Mayer, 1997: Tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature variability and its relation to El Niño-Southern Oscillation. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 929-945.
12. Frankignoul, C., and K. Hasselmann, 1977: Stochastic climate models. Part II: Application to SST anomalies and thermocline variability. Tellus, 29, 289-305.
13. Gill, A., 1980: Some simple solutions for heat induced tropical circulation. Quari. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 106, 447-462.
14. Goddard, L., and S. J. Mason, 2002: Sensitivity of seasonal climate forecasts to persisted SST anomalies. Climate Dyn., 19, 619-631.
15. Hirst, A. C., and S. Hastenrath, 1983: Atmosphere-ocean mechanisms of climate anomalies in the Angola-tropical Atlantic sector. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 13, 1146-1157.
16. Houghton, R. W., and C. Colin, 1986: Thermal structure along 4°W in the Gulf of Guinea during 1983-4. J. Geophys. Res., 91, 11 727-11 740.
17. Huang, B., P. S. Schopf, and J. Shukla, 2004: Intrinsic ocean-atmosphere variability of the tropical Atlantic ocean. J. Climate, 17, 2058-2077.
18. Illig, S., B. Dewitte, N. Ayoub, Y. du Penhoat, G. Reverdin, P. D. Mey, F. Bonjean, and G. S. E. Lagerloef, 2004: Interannual long equatorial waves in the tropical Atlantic from a high-resolution ocean general circulation model experiment in 1981-2000. J. Geophys. Res., 109, C02022, doi:10.1029/2003JC001771.
19. Kalnay, E., and Coauthors, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Re-analysis Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437-471.
20. Latif, M., and T. P. Barnett, 1995: Interactions of the tropical oceans. J. Climate, 8, 952-964.
21. Latif, M., and A. Grötzner, 2000: The equatorial Atlantic oscillation and its response to ENSO. Climate Dyn., 16, 213-218.
22. Levitus, S., R. Burgett, and T. P. Boyer, 1994: Salinity. Vol. 3, World Ocean Atlas 1994, NOAA Atlas NESDIS 3, 99 pp.
23. Marsland, S., H. Haak, J. Jungclaus,and M. Latif, 2003: The Max-Planck-Institute global ocean/sea ice model with orthogonal curvilinear coordinates. Ocean Modell., 5, 91-127.
24. Merle, J., M. Fieux, and P. Hisard, 1980: Annual signal and inter-annual anomalies of sea surface temperature in the eastern equatorial Atlantic ocean. Deep-Sea Res., 26, 77-101.
25. Neelin, J. D., D. S. Battisti, A. C. Hirst, F.-F. Jin, Y. Wakata, T. Yamagata, and S. E. Zebiak, 1998: ENSO theory. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 14 261-14 290.
26. Nobre. P., S. E. Zebiak, and B. P. Kirtman, 2003: Local and remote sources of tropical Atlantic variability inferred from the results of a hybrid ocean-atmosphere coupled model. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 8008, doi:10.1029/2002GL015785.
27. Okumura, Y.. and S.-P. Xie, 2006: Some overlooked features of tropical Atlantic climate leading to a new Niño-like phenomenon. J. Climate, 19, 5859-5874.
28. Penland, C. M., and L. Matrosova, 1998: Prediction of tropical Atlantic sea surface temperatures using linear inverse modeling. J. Climate, 11, 483-496.
29. Philander, S. G. H., 1986: Unusual conditions in the tropical Atlantic Ocean in 1984. Nature, 322, 236-238.
30. Rayner. N. A., D. E. Parker, E. B. Horton, C. K. Folland, L. V. Alexander, D. P. Rowell, R. E. C. Kent, and A. Kaplan, 2003: Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4407, doi:10.1029/2002JD002670.
31. Ruiz-Barradas, A., J. A. Carton, and S. Nigam, 2000: Structure of interannual-to-decadal climate variability in the tropical Atlantic sector. J. Climate, 13, 3285-3297.
32. Saravanan, R., and P. Chang, 2000: Interaction between tropical Atlantic variability and Ef Niño-Southern Oscillation. J. Climate, 13, 2177-2194.
33. Servain, J., J. Picaut, and J. Merle, 1982: Evidence of remote forcing in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 12, 457-463.
34. Servain, J., I. Wainer, J. P. McCreary, and A. Dessier, 1999: Relationship between the equatorial and meridional modes of climate variability in the tropical Atlantic. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 458-488.
35. Servain, J., I. Wainer, H. L. Ayina, and H. Roquet, 2000: The relationship between the simulated climate variability modes of the tropical Atlantic. Int. J. Climatol., 20, 939-953.
36. Sutton, R. T., S. P. Jewson, and D. P. Rowell, 2000: The elements of climate variability in the tropical Atlantic region. J. Climate, 13, 3261-3284.
37. Tourre, Y. M., and W. B. White, 1995: ENSO signals in global upper-ocean temperature. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 1317-1332.
38. Vauclair, F., and Y. du Penboat, 2001: Interannual variability of the upper layer of the tropical Atlantic from in situ data between 1979 and t999. Climate Dyn., 17, 527-546.
39. Wagner, R. G., and A. M. da Silva, 1994: Surface conditions associated with anomalous rainfall in the Guinea coastal region. Int. J. Climatol., 14, 179-199.
40. Wright, P. B., 1986: Precursors of the Southern Oscillation. J. Climatol., 6, 17-30.
41. Wu, L., Q. Zhang, and Z. Lui, 2002: Search for the role of ENSO in tropical Atlantic variability using a coupled GCM. CLIVAR Exchanges, Vol. 7, International CLIVAR Project Office, Southampton, United Kingdom, 20-24.
42. Xie, P., and P. A. Arkin, 1997: Global precipitation: A 17-year monthly analysis based on gauge observations, satellite estimates, and numerical model outputs. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 78, 2539-2558.
43. Zebiak, S. E., 1993: Air-sea interaction in the equatorial Atlantic region. J. Climate, 6, 1567-1586.