Empirical relationship between lengthening an anterior cruciate ligament graft and increases in knee anterior laxity: A human cadaveric study

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

Volumn 128, Issue 6, 2006, Pages 969-972

  Grover, Dustin ^a   Thompson, Dustin ^a   Hull, M L ^a,b   Howell, S M ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b University of California   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL ORGANS; GRAFTS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; TENDONS; TRANSPLANTATION (SURGICAL);

ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT (ACL); FEMORAL FIXATION DEVICES; KNEE; REGRESSION MODELS;

LIGAMENTS;

ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION; ARTICLE; CADAVER; FEMUR SHAFT; FRACTURE FIXATION; HUMAN; IN VITRO STUDY; JOINT LAXITY; KNEE FUNCTION; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; TENDON GRAFT;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; CADAVER; COMPUTER SIMULATION; FEMALE; HUMANS; JOINT INSTABILITY; KNEE JOINT; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; RANGE OF MOTION, ARTICULAR; RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGICAL PROCEDURES;

EID: 33846436420     PISSN: 01480731     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1115/1.2378931     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Cuppone, M., and Seedhom, B. B., 2001, "Effect of Implant Lengthening and Mode of Fixation on Knee Laxity After ACL Reconstruction With an Artificial Ligament: A Cadaveric Study," J. Orthop. Sci., 6, pp. 253-261.
2. Giurea, M., Zorilla, P., Amis, A. A., and Aichroth, P., 1999, "Comparative Pull-out and Cyclic-Loading Strength Tests of Anchorage of Hamstring Tendon Grafts in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction," Am. J. Sports Med., 27, pp. 621-625.
3. Magen, H. E., Howell, S. M., and Hull, M. L., 1999, "Structural Properties of Six Tibial Fixation Methods for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Soft Tissue Grafts," Am. J. Sports Med., 27, pp. 35-43.
4. Roos, P. J., Hull, M. L., and Howell, S. M., 2004, "Lengthening of Double-Looped Tendon Graft Constructs in Three Regions After Cyclic Loading: A Study Using Roentgen Stereophotogrammetric Analysis," J. Orthop. Sci., 22, pp. 839-846.
5. Haut Donahue, T. L., Gregersen, C., Hull, M. L., and Howell, S. M., 2001, "Comparison of Viscoelastic, Structural, and Material Properties of Double-Looped Anterior Cruciate Ligament Grafts Made From Bovine Digital Extensor and Human Hamstring Tendons," ASME J. Biomech. Eng., 123, pp. 162-169.
6. Boorman, R. S., Thornton, G. M., Shrive, N. G., and Frank, C. B., 2002, "Ligament Grafts Become More Susceptible to Creep Within Days After Surgery: Evidence for Early Enzymatic Degradation of a Ligament Graft in a Rabbit Model," Acta Orthop. Scand., 73, pp. 568-574.
7. Coleridge, S. D., and Amis, A. A., 2004, "A Comparison of Five Tibial-Fixation Systems in Hamstring-Graft Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction," Knee Surg, Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc, 12, pp. 391-397.
8. Ahmad, C. S., Gardner, T. R., Groh, M., Arnouk, J., and Levine, W. N., 2004, "Mechanical Properties of Soft Tissue Femoral Fixation Devices for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction," Am. J. Sports Med., 32, pp. 635-640.
9. Kousa, P., Jarvinen, T. L. N., Vihavainen, M., Kannus, P., and Jarvinen, M., 2003, "The Fixation Strength of Six Hamstring Tendon Graft Fixation Devices in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction-Part II: Tibial Site," Am. J. Sports Med., 31, pp. 182-188.
10. Kousa, P., Jarvinen, T. L. N., Vihavainen, M., Kannus, P., and Jarvinen, M., 2003, "The Fixation Strength of Six Hamstring Tendon Graft Fixation Devices in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction-Part I: Femoral Site," Am. J. Sports Med., 31, pp. 174-181.
11. Grover, D. M., Howell, S. M., and Hull, M. L., 2005, "Early Tension Loss in an Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft. A Cadaver Study of Four Tibial Fixation Devices," J. Bone Jt. Surg., Am. Vol., 87-A, pp. 381-390.
12. Grover, D. M., 2004, "There is an Early Tension Loss in a Tendon ACL Graft That Increases the Maximal Anterior Translation: A Cadaveric Study of Four Tibial Fixation Devices," MS thesis, Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA.
13. Melby, A., III, Noble, J. S., Askew, M. J., Boom, A. A., and Hurst, F. W., 1991, "The Effects of Graft Tensioning on the Laxity and Kinematics of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstructed Knee," Arthroscopy: J. Relat. Surg., 7, pp. 257-266.
14. Bailey, S. B., Grover, D. M., Howell, S. M., and Hull, M. L., 2004, "Foam-Reinforced Elderly Human Tibia Approximates Young Human Tibia Better Than Porcine Tibia-A Study of the Structural Properties of Three Soft Tissue Fixation Devices," Am. J. Sports Med., 32, pp. 755-764.
15. Simmons, R., Howell, S. M., and Hull, M. L., 2003, "Effect of the Angle of the Femoral and Tibial Tunnels in the Coronal Plane and Incremental Excision of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament on Tension of an Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft: An in Vitro Study," J. Bone Jt. Surg., Am. Vol., 85-A, pp. 1018-1029.
16. Morrison, J. B., 1969, "Function of the Knee Joint in Various Activities," Biomed. Eng., 4, pp. 573-580.
17. Nurmi, J. T., Sievanen, H., Kannus, P., Jarvinen, M., and Jarvinen, T. L. N., 2004, "Porcine Tibia is a Poor Substitute for Human Cadaver Tibia for Evaluating Interference Screw Fixation," Am. J. Sports Med., 32, pp. 765-771.
18. Tomita, F., Yasuda, K., Mikami, S., Sakai, T., Yamazaki, S., and Tohyama, H., 2001, "Comparisons of Intraosseous Graft Healing Between the Doubled Flexor Tendon Graft and the Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone Graft in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction," Arthroscopy: J. Relat. Surg., 17, pp. 461-476.
19. Kyung, H. S., Kim, S. Y., Oh, C. W., and Kim, S. J., 2003, "Tendon-to-Bone Tunnel Healing in a Rabhit Model: The Effect of Periosteum Augmentation at the Tendon-to-Bone Interface," Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc, 11, pp. 9-15.
20. Grassman, S. R., McDonald, D. B., Thornton, G. M., Shrive, N. G., and Frank, C. B., 2002, "Early Healing Processes of Free Tendon Grafts Within Bone Tunnels is Bone-Specific: A Morphological Study in a Rabbit Model," The Knee. 9. pp. 21-26.
21. Hoffmann, R. F., Peine, R., Bail, H. J., Sudkamp, N. P., and Weiler, A., 1999, "Initial Fixation Strength of Modified Patellar Tendon Grafts for Anatomic Fixation in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction," Arthroscopy: J. Relat. Surg., 15, pp. 392-399.
22. Weiler, A., Hoffmann, R. F., Siepe, C. J., Kolbeck, S. F., and Sudkamp, N. P., 2000, "The Influence of Screw Geometry on Hamstring Tendon Interference Fit Fixation," Am. J. Sports Med., 28, pp. 356-359.
23. Weiler, A., Hoffmann, R. F., Stahelin, A. C., Bail, H. J., Siepe, C. J., and Sudkamp, N. P., 1998, "Hamstring Tendon Fixation Using Interference Screws: A Biomechanical Study in Calf Tibial Bone," Arthroscopy: J. Relat. Surg., 14, pp. 29-37.
24. Roos, P. J., Hull, M. L., and Howell, S. M., 2004, "How Cyclic Loading Affects the Migration of Radio-Opaque Markers Attached to Tendon Grafts Using a New Method: A Study Using Roentgen Stereophotogrammetric Analysis (RSA)," ASME J. Biomech. Eng., 126, pp. 62-69.
25. Howell, S. M., and Taylor, M. A., 1996, "Brace-Free Rehabilitation With Early Return to Activity for Knees Reconstructed With a Double-Looped Semitendinosus and Gracilis Graft," J. Bone Jt. Surg., Am. Vol., 78, pp. 814-825.
26. Howell, S. M., and Deutsch, M. L., 1999, "Comparison of Endoscopic and Two-Incision Techniques for Reconstructing a Torn Anterior Cruciate Ligament Using Hamstring Tendons," Arthroscopy: J. Relat. Surg., 15, pp. 594-606.
27. O'Neill, D. B., 1996, "Arthroscopically Assisted Reconstruction of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament. A Prospective Randomized Analysis of Three Techniques," J. Bone Jt. Surg., Am. Vol., 78, pp. 803-813.
28. Yasuda, K., Ohkoshi, Y., Tanabe, Y., and Kaneda, K., 1992. "Quantitative Evaluation of Knee Instability and Muscle Strength After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Patellar and Quadriceps Tendon," Am. J. Sports Med., 20, pp. 471-475.
29. Eagar, P., Hull, M. L., and Howell, S. M., 2004, "How the Fixation Method Stiffness and Initial Tension Affect Anterior Load-Displacement of the Knee and Tension in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Grafts: A Study in Cadaveric Knees Using a Double-Loop Hamstrings Graft," J. Orthop. Res., 22, pp. 613-624.
30. Ahmed, A. M., Hyder, A., Burke, D. L., and Chan, K. H., 1987, "In-Vitro Ligament Tension Pattern in the Flexed Knee in Passive Loading," J. Orthop. Res., 5, pp. 217-230.
31. Markolf, K. L., Bargar, W. L., Shoemaker, S. C., and Amstutz, H. C., 1981, "The Role of Joint Load in Knee Stability," J. Bone Jt. Surg., Am. Vol., 63, pp. 570-585.
32. Markolf, K. L., Burchfield, D. M., Shapiro, M. M., Davis, B. R., Finerman, G. A., and Slauterbeck, J. L., 1996, "Biomechanical Consequences of Replacement of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament With a Patellar Ligament Allograft. Part I: Insertion of the Graft and Anterior-Posterior Testing," J. Bone Jt. Surg., Am. Vol., 78, pp. 1720-1727.
33. Hame, S. L., Oakes, D. A., and Markolf, K. L., 2002, "Injury to the Anterior Cruciate Ligament During Alpine Skiing: A Biomechanical Analysis of Tibial Torque and Knee Flexion Angle," Am. J. Sports Med., 30, pp. 537-540.