"You know, we are all Indian": Exploring White power and privilege in reactions to the NCAA Native American mascot policy

Journal of Sport and Social Issues

Volumn 31, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 61-76

  Staurowsky, Ellen J ^a  

^a ITHACA COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

Mascot; Native American; NCAA; Power; Privilege; Racism; Whiteness

Indexed keywords

EID: 33846411421     PISSN: 01937235     EISSN: 15527638     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0193723506296825     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Baca, L. R. (2000a). American Indians overrepresented in law schools? How can that be? Student Lawyer, 29 (1), 17-18.
2. Baca, L. R. (2000b). Being Indian 101 [Lecture]. Ithaca, NY: Ithaca College.
3. Baca, L. R. (2005). American Indians, the racial surprise in the 1964 Civil Rights Act: They may, more correctly, perhaps, be denominated as a political group. Howard Law Journal, 48, 971-991.
4. Bergland, B. (2006, June 16). UND v. NCAA: State board says no public funds can be used to pay for lawsuit. Grand Forks Herald. Retrieved July 7, 2006, from http://www.grandforksherald.com
5. Black, J. E. (2002, Fall). The "mascotting" of Native America. American Indian Quarterly, 26, 605-622.
6. Braine, M. (Producer). (2004). If the name has to go... [Motion picture]. Washington, DC: Quiet Coyote Productions.
7. B.R.I.D.G.E.S. (n.d.). Letter from Ralph Englestad to President Kupchella. Retrieved July 7, 2006, from http://www.und.edu/org/bridges/ index2.html
8. Canadian Broadcasting Company. (1972, December 11). Grey owl: Trapper, conservationist, author, fraud. Retrieved August 23, 2006, from http://archives.cbc.ca/IDC-1-69-1931-12551/life_society/saskatchewan_100/ clip5
9. Christianson, E. (2005, August 19). NCAA executive committee approves Native American mascot review process [Press release]. Retrieved July 17, 2006 from http://www.ncaa.org
10. Churchill, W. (2004). Kill the Indian, and save the man: The genocidal impact of American Indian residential schools. San Francisco: City Lights.
11. Copeland, J. (2006, May 22). Mutual of Omaha selected for basic accident program. The NCAA News. Retrieved July 7, 2006, from http://www.ncaa.org
12. Crowley, J. N. (2006). In the arena: The NCAA' s first century. Indianapolis, IN: NCAA Publishing.
13. Deloria, P. (1999). Playing Indian. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
14. Deloria, P. (2004). Indians in unexpected places. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas.
15. Dodds, D. (2006, January 13). UND: Senate calls for name change. Keep Media. Retrieved July 7, 2006, from http://www.keepmedia.com
16. Dorhmann, G. (2001, October 8). Face-off. Sports Illustrated, pp. 44-48.
17. Falla, J. (1981). NCAA: The voice of college sports. Mission, KS: NCAA Publishing.
18. Fryberg, S. (2001). Really! You don' t look like an American Indian. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA.
19. Griffin, T. (2006, June 29). Tradition dies hard. San Antonio Express-News, p. 1C-1C.
20. Harjo, S. S. (2005, August 15). The NCAA is learning what it is like to be Indian. Indian Country Today, 25 (10), A3-A3.
21. Hodge, D. (2003). Finer things: What does a casino have to do be fined? We have A list. Las Vegas Weekly. Retrieved July 7, 2006, from http://www.lasvegasweekly.com/2003/05_08/news_upfront3.htm
22. Hoftstadter, R. (1963). Anti-intellectualism in American life. New York: Vintage.
23. Johnson, P. (2006, June 21). UND to move all athletic programs to Division I. Retrieved July 7, 2006, from http://www.fightingsioux.com/ sports/news/release.asp?RELEASE_ID=4957
24. King, C. R. (2005). Cautionary notes on Whiteness and sport studies. Sociology of Sport Journal, 22, 397-408.
25. King, C. R., & Springwood, C. F. (Eds.). (2001). Team spirits: The Native American mascot controversy. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
26. King, C. R., Staurowsky, E. J., Baca, L., Davis, L., & Pewewardy, C. (2002, November). Of polls and race prejudice: Sports Illustrated' s errant "Indian wars." Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 26, 203-381.
27. Kupchella, C. (2005, August 30). Letter to Myles Brand and Bernard Franklin, National Collegiate Athletic Association. Retrieved July 1, 2006, from http://www.universityrelations.und.edu/logoappeal/news.html
28. Kupchella, C. (2006, June 7). Why the "Sioux" may have to "Sioux." Retrieved July 1, 2006, from http://www.universityrelations.und.edu/logoappeal/openletter_6-07-06.html
29. Kupchella: Scholarship not a bribe for support. (2006, June 19). In Forum. Retrieved July 7, 2006, from http://www.in-forum.com/
30. Lederman, D. (2005, September 29). Shunning the "Fighting Sioux." Inside Higher Education. Retrieved July 7, 2006, from http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2005/09/29/mascot
31. McDonald, M. (2005). Mapping Whiteness and sport: An introduction. Sociology of Sport Journal, 22, 245-255.
32. Miller, P. C. (2006, June 21). Interview: UND president continues search for nickname solution. Retrieved July 7, 2006, from http://www.uscho.com
33. Minority report from the American Indian Student Services and the Campus Committee for Human Rights. (2005, May). Retrieved July 7, 2006, from http://www.und.nodak.edu/org/bridges/minority_report.html
34. Moore, M. (2006, March). Money and diversity: 2004 state legislative elections. A report published by the Institute of Money in State Politics. Retrieved July 17, 2006, from http://www.followthemoney.org
35. Native American Rights Fund. (2006). Individual Indian Money (IIM) accounts: Fact sheet. Retrieved July 7, 2006, from http://www.narf.org/ cases/iimgeninfo/htm
36. Reynolds, J. (2006, April 19). Cobell trust case enters critical phase. Indian Country Today, 25 (45), A1-A2.
37. Root, D. (1998). Cannabal culture: Art, appropriation, & the commodification of difference. Boulder, CO: Westview.
38. Sack, A. L., & Staurowsky, E. J. (1998). College athletes for hire: The evolution and legacy of the NCAA amateur myth. Westport, CT: Greenwood.
39. Sioux Crew. (2006). Welcome. Retrieved July 7, 2006, from http://www.und.edu/org/siouxcrew/
40. Spindel, C. (2000). Dancing at halftime: Sports and the controversy over American Indian mascots. New York: New York University Press.
41. Springwood, C. F. (2004, February). "I' m Indian too!" Claiming Native American identity, crafting authority in mascot debates. Journal of Sport & Social Issues, 28 (1), 56-70.
42. Staurowsky, E. J. (2000, November/December). The Cleveland "Indians": A case study in American Indian cultural dispossession. Sociology of Sport Journal, 17, 307-330.
43. Strong, P. T. (2004, February). The mascot slot: Cultural citizenship, political correctness, and pseudo-Indian sports symbols. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 28 (1), 79-87.
44. Tovares, R. (2002, January). Mascot matters: Race, history, and the University of North Dakota' s "Fighting Sioux" logo. Journal of Communication, 26 (1), 76-94.
45. UND Alumni Association. (2006). UND litigation fund. Retrieved August 23, 2006, from http://www.undalumni.org/NCAALitigationFund.htm
46. UND Indian Related Programs. (2000). A statement to President Charles Kupchella from 21 separate Indian-related programs at UND. Retrieved July 7, 2006, from http://www.und.nodak.edu/org/bridges/ indianprograms.html
47. UND Fighting Sioux Club. (2006). Membership: Levels & benefits. Retrieved July 7, 2006 at http://www.undalumni.org/FSC-letterwinners/ fsc-benefits.htm
48. United States Commission on Civil Rights. (2000). Statement of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights on the use of Native American images and nicknames as sport symbols. Retrieved August 23, 2006, from http://aistm.org/fr.education.htm
49. University Relations. (2006a). American Indian viewbook. Retrieved July 7, 2006, from http://www.universityrelations.und.edu/logoappeal/ vbook.html on
50. University Relations. (2006b). History of the Fighting Sioux name. Retrieved July 8, 2006, from http://www.universityrelations.und.edu/ logoappeal/history.html
51. Williams, B. (2005, August 5). NCAA executive committee issues guidelines for use of Native American mascots at championship events [Press release]. Retrieved July 7, 2006, from http://www.ncaa.org/