The use of electromechanical film (EMFi) sensors in building a robust touch-sensitive tablet-like interface

IEEE Sensors Journal

Volumn 7, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 74-79

  Barna, Laurentiu ^a   Koivuluoma, Mikko ^a   Hasu, Matias ^a   Tuppurainen, Jussi ^b   Värri, Alpo ^a  

^a TAMPERE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Finland)

^b VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND   (Finland)

Author keywords

EMFi; Sensor; Tablet; Touch sensitive

Indexed keywords

AMPLIFIERS (ELECTRONIC); COMPUTER SOFTWARE; DATA ACQUISITION; ELECTROMECHANICAL DEVICES; INTERFACES (COMPUTER); ROBUSTNESS (CONTROL SYSTEMS); USER INTERFACES;

DATA ACQUISITION CARD; DYNAMIC FORCE; ELECTROMECHANICAL FILM (EMFI) SENSORS; TOUCH-SENSITIVE TABLET;

CHEMICAL SENSORS;

EID: 33846333983     PISSN: 1530437X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2006.888608     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. E. Ambikairajah, J. Epps, S. Ming, B. Celler, and P. Chen, "Experiences with an electronic whiteboard teaching laboratory and tablet pc-based lecture presentations," in Proc. Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Process., Philadeplhia, PA, Mar. 2005, vol. 5, pp. 565-568.
2. S. Coughlan and J. Breslin, "The application of modern pda technology for effective handheld solutions in the retail industry," in Proc. Int. Conf. Industrial Technol., Maribor, Slovenia, Dec. 2003, vol. 1, pp. 411-415.
3. Y.-H. Lin, I.-C. Jan, P.-I. Ko, Y.-Y. Chen, J.-M. Wong, and G.-J. Jan, "A wireless pda-based physiological monitoring system for patient transport," IEEE Trans. Inf. Technol. Biomed., vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 439-447, Dec. 2004.
4. J. Swarts, "Pdas in medical settings: the importance of organization in pda text design," IEEE Trans. Prof. Commun., vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 161-176, Jun. 2005.
5. R. Fletcher, "Force transduction materials for human-technology interfaces," IBM Syst. J., vol. 35, no. 3-4, pp. 630-638, 1996.
6. T. R. Jensen, R. G. Radwin, and J. G. Webster, "Conductive polymer sensor for measuring external finger forces," J. Biomech., vol. 24, no. 9, pp. 851-858, 1991.
7. S. Mizobuchi, S. Terasaki, T. Keski-Jaskari, J. Nousiainen, M. Ryynanen, and M. Silfverberg, "Making an impression: Force-controlled pen input for handheld devices," in CHI'05 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York: ACM, 2005, pp. 1661-1664.
8. H. Tang, D. J. Beebe, and A. F. Kramer, "A multilevel input system with force-sensitive elements," Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Stud., vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 495-507, 2001.
9. F. Vogt, T. Chen, R. Hoskinson, and S. S. Fels, "A malleable surface touch interface," in ACM Conf. Comput. Graphics Interactive Techniques Sketches and Applications, Los Angeles, CA, Aug. 2004.
10. K. Kirjavainen, "Electromechanical film and procedure for manufacturing same," U.S. Patent 4 654 546, 1987.
11. EMFIT, EMFi Sensors [Online]. Available: http://www.emfit.com/2006
12. J. Lekkala and M. Paajanen, "EMFi-New electret material for sensors and actuators," in Proc. IEEE 10th Int. Symp. Electrets, Delphi, Greece, 1999, pp. 743-746.
13. M. Paajanen, J. Lekkala, and K. Kirjavainen, "Electromechanical film (EMFi) - a new multipurpose electret material," Sensors Actuators A, vol. 84, pp. 95-102, 2000.
14. M. Paajanen, J. Lekkala, and H. Valimaki, "Electromechanical modeling and properties of the electret film EMFi," IEEE Trans. Dielectrics EI, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 629-636, Aug. 2001.
15. M. Paajanen, "The cellular polypropylene electret material - electromechanical properties," Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Eng., Tampere Univ. Technol., VTT Publications, Technical Res. Center of Finland, Espoo, Finland, 2001.
16. J. Alametsä, M. Koivuluoma, and A. Värri, "Mobile physiological signal measurement station," in Proc. Int. Federation Medical Biological Eng., 9th Mediterranean Conf. Medical Biological Eng. Comput., Pula, Croatia, Jun. 12-15, 2001, vol. 1, pp. 289-292.
17. J. Alametsä, E. Huupponen, M. Koivuluoma, L. Barna, and A. Värri, "Testing a new sensor for the analysis of breathing and heart rate," in Sleep Medicine, Abstract Book, 7th World Congr. Sleep Apnea, 2003, p. 1.
18. J. Alametsä, A. Värri, M. Koivuluoma, and L. Barna, "The potential of EMFi sensors in heart activity monitoring," in Proc. 2nd OpenECG Workshop: Integration ECG into the EHR Interoperability of ECG Device Syst., C. Zyvietz, Ed., Berlin, Germany, April 2004, pp. 81-85.
19. L. Barna, M. Koivuluoma, and A. Värri, "Heart-rate detection using EMFi sensors on a normal looking chair," in Proc. 3rd Eur. Medical Biomedical Eng. Conf., IFMBE Eur. Conf. Biomedical Eng., Prague, Czech Republic, Nov. 20-25, 2005, p. 5.
20. S. Bauer, R. Gerhard-Multhaupt, and G. M. Sessler, "Ferroelectrets: Soft electroactive foams for transducers," Phys. Today, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 37-43, Feb. 2004.
21. M. Wegener and S. Bauer, "Microstorms in cellular polymers: a route to soft piezoelectric transducer materials with engineered macroscopic dipoles," ChemPhysChem, vol. 6, pp. 1014-1025, Jun. 2005.
22. K. Koho, J. Suutala, T. Seppänen, and J. Röning, "Footstep pattern matching from pressure signals using segmental semi-markov models," in Proc. 12th Eur. Signal Process. Conf., Vienna, Austria, Sep. 6-10, 2004, pp. 1609-1612.
23. S. Junnila, L. Barna, T. Koivistonen, M. Koivuluoma, J. Alametsä, T. Kööbi, V. Turjanmaa, J. Niittylahti, and A. Värri, "Development of a wireless proactive ballistocardiograph chair," in Proc. Proactive Computing Workshop, G. Linden, Ed., Helsinki, Finland, Nov. 2004, pp. 25-28.
24. S. Junnila, A. Akhbardeh, A. Värri, and T. Koivistoinen, "An EMFi-film sensor based ballistocardiographic chair: Performance and cycle extraction method," in Proc. IEEE Workshop Signal Process. Syst., Design Implement., Athens, Greece, Nov. 2-4, 2005, vol. 1, pp. 373-377.
25. M. Antila, T. Muurinen, J. Linjama, and H. Nykänen, "Measurement methods of flat panel electromechanical film loudspeakers," in Proc. Active 97, Budapest, Hungary, Aug. 21-23, 1997, vol. 1, pp. 607-618.
26. H. Nykänen, M. Antila, J. Kataja, J. Lekkala, and S. Uosukainen, "Active control of sound based on utilizing EMFi technology," in Proc. Active 99, Fort Lauderdale, FL, Dec. 4-6 1999, pp. 1159-1170.
27. M. Antila, K. Saarinen, and K. Kirjavainen, "Performance of a large, flat electromechanical film actuator panel," in Proc. Actuator 98, 6th Int. Conf. New Actuators, Bremen, Germany, Jun. 17-19, 1998, vol. 1, pp. 96-99.
28. J. Backman and M. Karjalainen, "Audio and ultrasonic transducers based on electrothermomechanical film (ETMF)," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech. Signal Process., Albuquerque, NM, Apr. 3-6, 1990, vol. 2, pp. 1173-1176.
29. J. Backman, "Audio applications of electrothermomechanical film (ETMF)," J. Audio Eng. Soc., vol. 38, no. 5, p. 364, 1990.
30. L. M. Heikkinen, H. E. Panula, T. Lyyra, H. Olkkonen, I. Kiviranta, T. Nevalainen, and H. J. Helminen, "Electromechanical film sensor device for dynamic force recordings from canine limbs," Scand. J. Lab. Anim. Sci., vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 85-92, 1997.
31. J. Kerola, V. Kontra, and R. Sepponen, "Non-invasive blood pressure data acquisition employing pulse transit time detection," in Proc. Eng. Med. Biol. Soc., Bridging Disciplines for Biomed. IEEE 18th Annu. Int. Conf., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Oct. 31-Nov. 3 1996, vol. 3, pp. 1308-1309.
32. T. Koivistoinen, S. Junnila, A. Värri, and T. Kööbi, "A new method for measuring the ballistocardiogram using EMFi sensors in a normal chair," in Proc. 26th Annu. Int. Conf. IEEE Eng. Medicine Biology Soc. . San Francisco, CA, Sep. 1-5, 2004, pp. 2026-2029, vol. 1, no. 3.
33. T. Koivistoinen, L. Barna, J. Alametsä, S. Junnila, M. Koivuluoma, T. Kööbi, V. Turjanmaa, and A. Värri, "Ballistocardiograms from young 9 adults in sitting position using EMFi sensors," in Proc. 31st Annu. Meeting Comput. Cardiol., Chicago, IL, Sep. 2004.
34. T. Reinvuo, M. Hannula, H. Sorvoja, E. Alasaarela, and R. Myllyla, "Measurement of respiratory rate with high-resolution accelerometer and EMFit pressure sensor," in Proc. IEEE Sensors Applications Symp., Houston, TX, Feb. 7-9, 2006, pp. 192-195.
35. J. Siivola, K. Leinonen, and L. Räisänen, "ETMF-polymer transducer as a detector of respiration in humans," Med. Biological Eng. Comput., vol. 31, pp. 634-635, 1993.
36. H. Sorvoja, V.-M. Kokko, R. Myllyla, and J. Miettinen, "Use of EMFi as a blood pressure pulse transducer," IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 2505-2512, Dec. 2005.
37. A. Streicher, R. Müller, H. Peremans, and R. Lerch, "Broadband ultrasonic transducer for an artificial bat head," in Proc. IEEE Int. Ultrasonic Symp., Honolulu, HI, Oct. 5-8, 2003, vol. 2, pp. 1364-1367.
38. J. Suutala, S. Pirttikangas, J. Riekki, and J. Röning, "Reject-optional lvq-based two-level classifier to improve reliability in footstep identification," in Proc. Second Int. Conf. Pervasive Comput., Linz/Vienna, Austria, Apr. 21-23, 2004, pp. 182-187.
39. J. Suutala and J. Röning, "Towards the adaptive identification of walkers: Automated feature selection of footsteps using distinction sensitive lvq," in Proc. Int. Workshop Processing Sensory Inf. Proactive. Syst., Oulu, Finland, Jun. 14-15, 2004, pp. 61-67.
40. S. Pirttikangas, J. Suutala, J. Riekki, and J. Röning, "Footstep identification from pressure signals using hidden markov models," in Proc. Finnish Signal Processing Symp., Tampere, Finland, May 19, 2003.
41. _, "Learning vector quantization in footstep identification," in Proc. 3rd IASTED Int. Conf. Artificial Intell. Applicat., Benalmadena, Spain, Sep. 8-10, 2003, pp. 413-417.
42. J. Suutala and J. Röning, "Combining classifiers with different footstep feature sets and multiple samples for person identification," in Proc. Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Process., Philadelphia, PA, Mar. 18-23, 2005, vol. 5, pp. 357-360.
43. SCREENTEC, EMFi Keypads 2006 [Online]. Available: http://www.screentec. com/emfikey.html
44. B. Kemp, A. Värri, A. C. Rosa, K. D. Nielsen, and J. Gade, "A simple format for exchange of digitized polygraphic recordings," Electroncephalograph. Clinical Neurophysiol., vol. 82, pp. 391-393, 1992.
45. A. Värri, B. Kemp, T. Penzel, and A. Schlögl, "Standards for biomedical signal databases," IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag., vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 33-37, May/Jun. 2001.