Sedimentology, taphonomy, and paleoecology of meter-scale cycles from the Upper Ordovician of Ontario

Palaios

Volumn 21, Issue 6, 2006, Pages 530-547

  Brett, Carlton E ^a   Allison, Peter A ^b   Tsujita, Cameron J ^c   Soldani, Donato ^a   Moffat, Heather A ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI   (United States)

^b IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO   (Canada)

^d Raymond M Alf Museum of Paleontology   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIOFACIES; BRACHIOPOD; CYCLIC SEDIMENTATION; CYCLOSTRATIGRAPHY; DIAGENESIS; EUSTACY; FOSSIL ASSEMBLAGE; ORDOVICIAN; OSTRACOD; PALEOCLIMATE; PALEOECOLOGY; SEDIMENT-WATER INTERFACE; SEDIMENTOLOGY; TAPHONOMY; TRILOBITE;

CANADA; NORTH AMERICA; ONTARIO [CANADA];

ORTHIDA;

EID: 33846119399     PISSN: 08831351     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2110/palo.2006.p06-016r     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Aigner, T., 1985, Storm Depositional Systems: Dynamic Stratigraphy in Modern and Ancient Shallow Marine Sequences: Berlin, Springer-Verlag, Lecture Notes in the Earth Sciences, No. 3: 174 p.
2. Allison, P.A., 1988, Decay and mineralization of proteinaceous macrofossils: Paleobiology, v. 14, p. 139-154.
3. Berger, A., Loutre, M.F., and Dehant, V., 1989, Astronomical frequencies for pre-Quaternary palaeoclimate studies: Terra Nova, v. 1, p. 474-479.
4. Bradley, D.C., and Kidd, W.S.F., 1991, Flexural extension of the upper continental crusts in collisional foredeeps: Geological Society of America, Bulletin, v. 103, p. 1416-1438.
5. Brenchley, P.J., Carden, G. A., Hints, L., Kaljo, D. Marshall, J.D., Martma, T., Meidla, T., and Nolvak, J., 2003, High-resolution isotope stratigraphy of Late Ordovician sequences: Constraints on the timing of bio-events and environmental changes associated with mass extinction and glaciation: Geological Society of America, Bulletin, v. 115, p. 89-104.
6. Brett, C.E., 1995, Sequence stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and taphonomy in shallow marine environments: PALAIOS, v. 10, p. 597-616.
7. Brett, C.E., 1999, Sequence stratigraphy, paleoecology, and evolution; biotic clues and responses to sea-level fluctuations: PALAIOS, v. 13, p. 241-262.
8. Brett, C.E., and Algeo, T.J., 2001, Sequence stratigraphy of Upper Ordovician and Lower Silurian strata of the Cincinnati Arch region, in Algeo, T.J., and Brett, C.E., eds., Sequence, Cycle and Event Stratigraphy of Upper Ordovician & Silurian Strata of the Cincinnati Arch Region: SEPM, Great Lakes Section, 1999 Field Conference Guidebook, p. 34-46.
9. Brett, C.E., Algeo, T.J., and McLaughlin, P.I., 2003, Use of event beds and sedimentary cycles in high-resolution stratigraphic correlation of lithologically repetetive successions, in Harries, P.J., ed., High-Resolution Approaches in Stratigraphic Paleontology: Kluwer Academic Publishers, Amsterdam, p. 315-350.
10. Brett, C.E., and Allison, P.A., 1998, Paleontological approaches to environmental interpretation of marine mudrocks, in Schieber, J., ed., Sedimentology of Mudrocks: Stuttgart, E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, p. 391-439.
11. Brett, C.E., and Baird, G.C., 1986, Comparative taphonomy: A key to paleoenvironmental interpretation based on fossil preservation: PALAIOS, v. 1, p. 207-227.
12. Canfield, D.E., and Raiswell, R., 1991, Carbonate precipitation and dissolution: Its relevance to fossil preservation, in Allison, P.A. and Briggs, D.E.G., eds., Taphonomy: Releasing the Data Locked in the Fossil Record: Plenum Press, New York, p. 412-455.
13. Churcher, P.L., Johnson, M.D., Telford, P.G., and Barker, J.F., 1991, Stratigraphy and oil resource potential of the Upper Ordovician Collingwood Member, Lindsay Formation, Southwestern Ontario: Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report 5817.
14. Cisne, J.L., 1973, Life history of Triarthrus eatoni: An Ordovician trilobite: Ecology, v. 54, p. 134-142.
15. Cisne, J.L., Karig, D.E., Rabe, B.D., and Hay, B.J., 1982, Topography and tectonics of the Taconic outer trench slope as revealed through gradient analysis of fossil assemblages: Lethaia, v. 15, p. 229-246.
16. Dattilo, B.F., 1996, A quantitative paleoecological approach to high-resolution cyclic and event stratigraphy: The Upper Ordovician Miami Town Shale in the Type Cincinnatian: Lethaia, v. 29, p. 21-37.
17. de Boer, P.L., and Smith, D.G., 1994, Orbital forcing and cyclic sequences, in de Boer, P.L. and Smith, P.L., eds, Orbital Forcing and Cyclic Sequences: International Association of Sedimentologists, Special Publication 19, Blackwell Scientific Publications, p. 1-14.
18. Fischer, A.G., de Boer, P.L., and Premoli Silva, I., 1990, Cyclostratigraphy, in Ginsburg, R.N. and Beaudoin, B., eds, Cretaceous Resources, Events and Rhythms: Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, p. 139-172.
19. Fortey, R., 2000, Olenid trilobites: The oldest known chemoautotrophic symbionts?: National Academy of Sciences Proceedings, v. 97, p. 6574-6578.
20. Gaines, R.R., and Droser, M.L., 2003, Paleoecology of the familiar trilobite Elrathia kingii: An early exaerobic zone inhabitant: Geology, v. 31, p. 941-944.
21. Hallam, A., 1960, A sedimentary and faunal study of the Blue Lias of Dorset and Glamorgan: Royal Society (London) Philosophical Transactions, v. B243, p. 1-44.
22. Hallam, A., 1996, Origin of minor limestone-shale cycles: Climatically induced or diagenetic?: Geology, v. 14, p. 609-612.
23. Hay, H.B., Pope J. K., and Frey, R.C., 1981, Lithostratigraphy, cyclic sedimentation, and paleoecology of the Cincinnatian Series in southwestern Ohio and southeastern Indiana, in Roberts, T.G., ed., Geological Society of America, Cincinnati '81 field trip guidebooks, volume 1: Stratigraphy, Sedimentology: Falls Church, Virginia, American Geological Institute, p. 73-86.
24. Holland, S.M., 2006, The Type Cincinnatian Series: An Overview, in Mclaughlin, P.I., Brett, C.E., McLaughlin, T.T., and Bazeley, J., eds., Sequence Cycle and Event Stratigraphy of the Upper Ordovician, Cincinnati Arch Region: Implications for Paleoenvironments and Paleoecology: Guidebook for IGCP 503 Field Conference, Cincinnati Museum Center, Special Publication 2.
25. Holland, S.M., Miller, A.I., Dattilo, B.F., Meyer, D.L., and Diekmeyer, S.L., 1997, Cycle anatomy and variability in the storm-dominated type Cincinnatian (Upper Ordovician): Coming to grips with cycle delineation and genesis: Journal of Geology, v. 105, p. 135-152.
26. Holland, S.M., Miller, A.I., and Meyer, D.L., 2001a, Sequence stratigraphy of the Kope-Fairview interval (Upper Ordovician, Cincinnati, Ohio area), in Algeo, T.J., and Brett, C.E., eds., Sequence, Cycle & Event Stratigraphy of Upper Ordovician & Silurian Strata of the Cincinnati Arch region: Great Lakes Section SEPM, 1999 Field Conference, Cincinnati, Ohio, Kentucky Geological Survey Guidebook 1, p. 93-102.
27. Holland, S.M., Miller, A.I., and Meyer, D.L., and Dattilo, B.F., 2001b, The detection and importance of subtle biofacies within a single lithofacies: The Upper Ordovician Kope Formation of the Cincinnati, Ohio region: PALAIOS, v. 16, p. 205-217.
28. House, M.R., 1985, A new approach to an absolute timescale from measurements of orbital cycles and sedimentary microrhythms: Nature, v. 315, p. 721-725.
29. House, M.R., 1986, Are Jurassic sedimentary microrhythms due to orbital forcing?: Ussher Society Proceedings, v. 6, p. 299-311.
30. House, M.R., 1995, Orbital forcing timescales: an introduction, in House, M.R. and Gale, A.S., eds, Orbital Forcing Timescales and Cyclostratigraphy: Geological Society of London, Special Publication 85, p. 1-18.
31. Jennette, D.C., and Pryor, W.A., 1993, Cyclic alternation of proximal and distal storm facies: Kope and Fairview Formations (Upper Ordovician), Ohio and Kentucky: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 63, p. 183-203.
32. Joy, M.P., Mitchell, C.E., and Adya, S., 2000, Evidence of a tectonically driven sequence succession in the Middle Ordovician Taconic foredeep: Geology, v. 28, p. 727-730.
33. Kidwell, S.M., 1991, The stratigraphy of shell concentrations, in Allison, P.A., and Briggs, D.E.G., eds., Taphonomy; Releasing the Data Locked in the Fossil Record: Plenum Press, New York, p. 211-290.
34. Kidwell, S.M., and Bosence, D.W.J., 1991, Taphonomy and time-averaging of marine Shelly faunas; in Allison, P.A., and Briggs, D.E.G., eds., Taphonomy; Releasing the Data Locked in the Fossil Record: Plenum Press, New York, p. 116-211.
35. Kidwell, S.M., and Holland, S.M., 1991, Field description of coarse bioclastic fabrics: PALAIOS, v. 6, p. 426-434.
36. Kowalewski, M., and Bambach, R.K., 2003, The limits of paleontological resolution, in Harries, P.J., ed., High-Resolution Approaches in Stratigraphic Paleontology: Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York, p. 1-48.
37. Lehmann, D., Brett, C.E., and Cole, R., 1994, Tectonic and eustatic influences upon the sedimentary environments of the Upper Ordovician strata of New York and Ontario, in Dennison I.M., and Ettensohn, F.R., eds., Tectonic and Eustatic Controls on Sedimentary Cycles: SEPM, Concepts in Sedimentology and Paleontology, no. 4, p. 181-201.
38. Lehmann, D., Brett, C.E., Cole, R., and Baird, G., 1995, Distal sedimentation in a peripheral foreland basin: Ordovician black shales and associated flysch of the western Taconic foreland, New York State and Ontario: Geological Society of America, Bulletin, v. 107, p. 708-724.
39. Liberty, B.A., 1969, Palaeozoic geology of the Lake Simcoe area, Ontario: Geological Survey of Canada, Memoir 360, 163 p.
40. Ludvigsen, R., 1979a, Fossils of Ontario, Pt. 1: The Trilobites: Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Publication: Alger Press, Toronto, 88 p.
41. Ludvigsen, R., 1979b, The Ordovician trilobite Pseudogygites (Kobyashi) in eastern and Arctic North America: Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Publication: Alger Press, Toronto, 37 p.
42. Melchin, M.J., Armstrong, D.K., and Coniglio, M., 1994, Stratigraphy, sedimentology, and biosratigraphy of the Ordovician rocks of the Lake Simcoe area, south central Ontario: Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. Geological Association of Canada-Mineralogical Association of Canada, Joint Annual Meeting Guidebook, Trip A-4.
43. Meyers, S., Sageman, B., and Hinnov, L., 2001, Integrated quantitative stratigraphy of the Cenomanian-Turonian Bridge Creek Limestone Member using evolutive harmonic analysis and stratigraphic modeling: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 71, p. 628-64.
44. Mitchell, C.E., Goldman, D., Delano, J.W., Samson, S.D., and Bergstrom, S.M., 1994, Temporal and spatial distribution of biozones and facies relative to geochemically correlated K-bentonites in the Middle Ordovician Trenton foredeep: Geology, v. 22, p. 715-718.
45. O'Brien, N.R., 1989, Origin of lamination in and Upper Devonian black shales, New York State: Northeastern Geology, v. 11, p. 159-165.
46. O'Brien, N., Brett, C.E., and Taylor, W.L. 1994, Microfabric and taphonomic analysis in determining sedimentary processes in marine mudstones: Example from Silurian of New York: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. A64, p. 847-852.
47. Pope, M.C., and Read, J.F., 1998, Sequences and meter scale cycles of Ordovician rocks in Kentucky and Virginia: Implications for Ordovician climate and eustatic fluctuations in the central Appalachian Basin, U.S.A.: Palaeoclimatology, Palaeogeography, Palaeoecology, v. 138, p. 27-42.
48. Raiswell, R., 1987, Non-steady state microbiological diagenesis and the origin of concretions and nodular limestones, in Marshall, J.D., ed., Diagenesis of Sedimentary Sequences: Geological Society of London, Special Publication 36, p. 41-54.
49. Russell, D.J., and Telford, P.G., 1983, Revisions to the stratigraphy of the Upper Ordovician Collingwood beds of Ontario - A potential oil shale: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 20, p. 1780-1790.
50. Scotese, C.R., 1990, Atlas of Phanerozoic Plate Tectonic Reconstructions: International Lithophase Program (IUU-IUGS), Paleomap Project, Technical Report 10-90-1.
51. Schäper, W., 1969, Vergleichs-Schaubilder zur Bestimmung des Allochemgehaltes bioklastischer Karbonategesteine: Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte, p. 173-184.
52. Seilacher, A., and Meischner, D., 1965, Fazies-Analyse im Paläozoikum des Oslo-Gebietes: Geologische Rundschau, v. 54, p. 596-619.
53. Sharma, S., Dix, G., and Riva, J.F.V., 2003, Late Ordovician platform foundering, its paleoceanography and burial, as preserved in separate basins, southern Ontario: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 40, p. 135-148.
54. Smith, D.G., 1989, Stratigraphic correlation of presumed Milankovitch cycles in the Blue Lias (Hettangian to earliest Sinemurian), England: Terra Nova, v. 1, p. 457-460.
55. Snowdon, J.A. 1984, A comparison of rockeval pyrolysis and solvent extract results from the Collingwood and Kettle Point oil shales, Ontario: Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, v. 35, p. 327-334.
56. Tobin, R.C., and Pryor, W.A., 1981, Sedimentological interpretation of an Upper Ordovician carbonate-shale vertical sequence in northern Kentucky, in Roberts, T.G., ed., Geological Society of America Cincinnati '81 Field Trip Guidebooks, vol. I, Stratigraphy, Sedimentology: Falls Church, Virginia, American Geological Institute, p. 49-57.
57. Tsujita, C.J., 1995, Origin of concretion-hosted shell clusters in the Late Cretaceous Bearpaw Formation, southern Alberta, Canada: PALAIOS, v. 10, p. 408-423.
58. Webber, A.J., 2002, High-resolution faunal gradient analysis and an assessment of the causes of meter-scale cyclicity in the type Cincinnatian Series (Upper Ordovician): PALAIOS, v. 17, p. 545-555.
59. Webby, B.D., Cooper, R.A., Bergström, S.M., and Paris, F., 2004, Stratigraphic framework and time slices, in Webby, B.D., Paris, F., Droser, M.L., and Percival, I.G., eds., The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event: Columbia University Press, New York, p. 41-47.
60. Weedon, G.P., 1985a, Palaeoclimatic information from ancient pelagic and hemipelagic cyclic sediments: Terra Cognita, v. 5, p. 110.
61. Weedon, G.P., 1985b, Hemipelagic shelf sedimentation and climatic cycles: The basal Jurassic (Blue Lias) of South Britain, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 76, p. 321-335.