Sequence stratigraphy, paleoecology, and evolution: biotic clues and responses to sea-level fluctuations

Palaios

Volumn 13, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 241-262

  Brett, Carlton E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EVOLUTION; PALAEOECOLOGY; SEA LEVEL; SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY;

EID: 0031657810     PISSN: 08831351     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1043/0883-1351(1998)013<0241:SSPAEB>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (179)

1. ABERHAN, M., 1994, Guild-structure and evolution of Mesozoic benthic shelf communities: PALAIOS, v. 9, p. 516-545.
2. ADLIS, D.S., GROSSMAN, E.L., YANCEY, T.E., and MCLERRAN, R.D., 1988, Isotope stratigraphy and paleodepth changes of Pennsylvanian cyclical sedimentary deposits: PALAIOS, v. 3, p, 487-506.
3. ALEXANDER, R.R., 1975, Phenotypic lability of the brachiopod Rafinesquina alternata (Ordovician) and its correlation with the sedimentologic regime: Journal of Paleontology, v. 49, p. 607-618.
4. ANDERSON, E.J., 1971, Environmental models for Paleozoic communities: Lethaia, p. 287-302.
5. ARTHUR, M.A., and SCHLANGER, S.O., 1979, Cretaceous "oceanic anoxic events" as causal factors in the development of reef-reservoir giant oil fields: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 63, p. 870-885.
6. BAMBACH, R.K., and BENNINGTON, J.B., 1996, Do communities evolve? A major question in evolutionary paleoecology: in ERWIN, D.J., JABLONSKI, D.J., and LIPPS, J., eds., Evolutionary Paleobiology: Essays in Honor of James W. Valentine: University of Chicago Press, Chicago, p. 123-160.
7. BATT, R.J., 1993, Ammonite morphotypes as indicators of oxygenation in a Cretaceous epicontinental sea: Lethaia, v. 26, p. 49-62.
8. BAUM, G.R., and VAIL, P.R., 1988, Sequence stratigraphic concepts applied to Paleogene outcrop, Gulf and Atlantic basins: in WILGUS, C.K., HASTINGS, B.S., ST. C. KENDALL, C.G., POSAMENTIER, H.W., ROSS, C.A., and VAN WAGONER, J.C., eds., Sea level changes: An integrated approach: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publication, no. 42, p. 302-327.
9. BAYER, U., 1970, Anomalien bei Ammoniten des Aaleniums und Ba- jociums und ihre Beziehung Zur Lebensweise: Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen, v. 140, p. 306-327.
10. BAYER, U., and MCGHEE, G.R., 1985, Evolution in marginal epicontinental basins: The role of phylogenetic and ecological factors (ammonite replacements in the German Lower to Middle Jurassic): in BAYER, U., and SEILACHER, A., eds., Sedimentary and Evolutionary Cycles, Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, v. 1: Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 164-220.
11. BAYER, U., and SEILACHER, A., EDS., 1985, Sedimentary and Evolutionary Cycles, Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, v. 1: Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 465 p.
12. BAYER, U., ALTHEIMER, E. and DEUTCHLE, W., 1985, Environmental evolution in shallow epicontinental seas: Sedimentary cycle and bed formation: in BAYER, U., and SEILACHER, A., eds., Sedimentary and Evolutionary Cycles, Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences v. 1: Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 347-381.
13. BAYER, U., JOHNSON, A.L.A., and BRENNAN, J., 1985, Ecological patterns in Middle Jurassic Gryphaea: The relationship between form and environment: in BAYER, U., and SEILACHER, A., eds., Sedimentary and Evolutionary Cycles, Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences v. 1: Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 436-463.
14. BEADLE, S., and JOHNSON, M.E., 1986, Palaeoecology of Silurian cyclocrinitid algae: Palaeontology, v. 29, p. 585-601.
15. BENEDICT, G.L., and WALKER, K.G., 1978, Paleobathymetric analysis in Paleozoic sequences and its geodynamic significance: American Journal of Science, v. 278, p. 579-607.
16. BENNETT, K.D., 1990, Milankovitch cycles and their effects on species in ecological and evolutionary time: Paleobiology, v. 16, p. 11-21.
17. BENNINGTON, J.B., 1994, Are similar fossil assemblages ever the same? The statistical analysis of paleocommunity recurrence: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 26 (7), p. A456.
18. BOTTJER, D.J., and DROSER, M.L., 1994, The history of Phanerozoic bioturbation: in DONOVAN , S.K., ed., The Paleobiology of Trace Fossils: John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, p. 155-178.
19. BOUCOT, A.J., 1975, Evolution and Extinction Rate Controls: Elsevier Press, Amsterdam, 427 p.
20. BOUCOT, A.J., 1982, Ecostratigraphic framework for the Lower Devonian of the North American Appohimchi Subprovince: Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen, v. 163, p. 81-121.
21. BOUCOT, A.J., 1986, Ecostratigraphic criteria for evaluating the magnitude, character and duration of bioevents: in WALLISER, O.H., ed., Global Bio-events: A Critical Approach, Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, v. 8: Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 25-45.
22. BOUCOT, A.J., 1990a, Phanerozoic extinctions: how similar are they to each other?: in KAUFFMAN, E.G., and WALLISER, O.H., eds., Extinction Events in Earth History, Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, v. 30: Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 5-30.
23. BOUCOT, A.J., 1990b, Silurian and pre-Upper Devonian bio-events: in KAUFFMAN, E.G., and WALLISER, O.H., eds., Extinction Events in Earth History, Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, v. 30: Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 125-132.
24. BOUCOT, A.J., 1990c, Evolutionary Paleobiology of Behavior and Coevolution: Elsevier Press, Amsterdam, 325 p.
25. BOUCOT, A.J., and LAWSON, J.D., EDS., 1998, Paleoecommunities - A Case Study from the Silurian and Lower Devonian: World and Regional Geology Series No.10, Cambridge University Press, New York, 912 p.
26. BRENCHLEY, P.J., 1989, The Late Ordovician Extinction: in DONOVAN, S.K., ed., Mass Extinctions: Columbia University Press, New York, p. 104-132.
27. BRETSKY, P.W., and BRETSKY, S.S., 1975, Succession and repetition of Late Ordovieian fossil assemblages from the Nicolet River Valley, Quebec: Paleobiology, v. 1, p. 225-237.
28. BRETT, C.E., 1988, Paleoecology of hard substrate communities: An overview: PALAIOS, v. 3, p. 374-378.
29. BRETT, C.E., 1995, Sequence stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and taphonomy in shallow marine environments: PALAIOS, v. 10, p. 597-616.
30. BRETT, C.E., and BAIRD, G.C., 1995, Coordinated stasis and evolutionary ecology of Silurian to Middle Devonian faunas in the Appalachian basin: ira ERWIN, D., and ANSTEY, R., eds., New Approaches to Speciation in the Fossil Record: Columbia University Press, New York, p. 285-315.
31. BRETT, C.E., and BAIRD, G.C., 1996, Middle Devonian Sedimentary cycles and Sequences in the northern Appalachian basin: in WITZKE, B., and DAY, J., eds., Paleozoic Sequence Stratigraphy: Views from the North American Craton, Geological Society of America, Special Paper 306, p. 213-241.
32. BRETT, C.E., and BAIRD, G.C., 1997, Epiboles, outages and ecological evolutionary bioevents": Taphonomic, ecological and biogeographical factors: in BRETT, C.E., and BAIRD, G.C., eds., Paleontological Events: Stratigraphic, Ecological and Evolutionary Implications: Columbia University Press, New York, p. 249-284.
33. BRETT, C.E., and BROOKFIELD, M.E., 1984, Morphology, faunas, and genesis of Ordovician hardgrounds from southern Ontario, Canada: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 46, p. 233-290.
34. BRETT, C.E., MILLER, K.B., and BAIRD, G.C., 1990, A temporal hierarchy of paleoecological process in a Middle Devonian epeiric sea: in MILLER, W., III, ed., Paleocommunity Temporal Dynamics: The Long-Term Development of Multispecies Assemblages: Paleontological Society Special Publication, v. 5, p. 178-209.
35. BRETT, C.E., BOUCOT, A.J., and JONES, B., 1993, Absolute depths of Silurian benthic assemblages: Lethaia, v. 26, p. 25-40.
36. BROMLEY, R.J.,1970, Borings as trace fossils and Entobia cretacea Portlock, as an example: in CRIMES, T.P., and HARPER, J.C., eds., Trace Fossils: Seel House Press, Liverpool, p. 49-90.
37. CISNE, J.L., and RABE, B.D., 1978, Coenocorrelation: Gradient analysis of fossil communities and its applications to stratigraphy: Lethaia, v. 11, p. 341-364.
38. CISNE, J.L., GILDNER, R., and RABE, B.D., 1984, Epeiric sedimentation and sea level: Synthetic ecostratigraphy: Lethaia, v. 17, p. 267-288.
39. CONNELL, J.H., and SLAYTOR, R.O., 1977, Mechanisms of succession in natural communities and their role in community stability and organization: American Naturalist, v. 111, p. 1119-1144.
40. DIMICHELE, W.A., 1994, Ecological patterns in time and space: Paleobiology, v. 20, p. 89-92.
41. DOCKERY, D.T., II, 1986, Punctuated succession of Paleogene molluscs in the northern Gulf Coastal Plain: PALAIOS, v. 1, p. 582-589.
42. DODD, J.R., and STANTON, R.J., JR., 1990, Paleoecology - Concepts and Applications: John Wiley, New York, 502 p.
43. DONOVAN, S.K., ED., 1989, Mass Extinctions: Columbia University Press, New York, 266 p.
44. DROSER, M.L., and BOTTJER, D. J., 1993, Trends and patterns of Phanerozoic ichnofabrics: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 21, p. 204-225.
45. DUTRO, J.T., 1981, Devonian brachiopod biostratigraphy: in OLIVER, W.A., JR. and KLAPPER, G., eds., Devonian Biostratigraphy of New York: International Union of Geological Sciences, Washington, D.C., p. 67-82.
46. EICHER, D.L., and DINER, R., 1985, Foraminifera as indicators of water mass in the Cretaceous Greenhorn sea, Western Interior: in PRATT, L.M., KAUFFMANN, E.G., and ZELT, F.G., eds., Finegrained deposits and biofacies of the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway: Evidence of cyclic sedimentary processes: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Field trip Guidebook, no. 4, p. 60-71.
47. EINSELE, G., 1985, Response of sediments to sea-level change in differing subsidence storm-dominated marginal and epeiric basins: in BAYER, U. and SEILACHER, A., eds., Sedimentary and Evolutionary Cycles, Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, v. 1: Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 68-97.
48. EINSELE, G., and SEILACHER, A., eds., 1982, Cyclic and Event Stratification: Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 536 p.
49. EINSELE, G., RICKEN, W., and SEILACHER, A., EDS., 1991, Cycles and Events in Stratigraphy: Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 955 p.
50. ELDER, W.P., 1987, Paleoecology of the Cenomanian-Turonian (Cretaceous) stage boundary extinctions at Black Mesa, Arizona: PALAIOS, v. 2, p. 24-40.
51. ELDER, W.P., GUSTASON, E.R., and SAGEMAN, B.B., 1994, Correlation of basinal carbonate cycles to nearshore parasequences in the Late Cretaceous Greenhorn Seaway, Western Interior, U.S.A.: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 106, p. 892-902.
52. ELDREDGE, N., 1990, Hierarchy and Macroevolution: in BRIGGS, D.E.G., and CROWTHER, P.R., eds., Palaeobiology-A Synthesis: Blackwell, Oxford, p. 124-129.
53. EMERY, D., 1996, Carbonate systems: in EMERY, D., and MEYERS, K.J., eds., Sequence Stratigraphy: Blackwell, Oxford, p. 211-237.
54. EMERY, D. and MEYERS, K.J., EDS., 1996, Sequence Stratigraphy: Blackwell, Oxford, 297 p.
55. ERWIN, D.J., and ANTSEY, R., 1995, New Approaches to Speciation in the Fossil Record: Columbia University Press, New York, 342 p.
56. FISCHER, A.G., 1986, Climatic rhythms recorded in strata: Annual Reviews of Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 14, p. 351-376.
57. FREY, R.W., PEMBERTON, S.G., and SAUNDERS, T.D.A., 1990, Ichnofacies and bathymetry: A passive relationship: Journal of Paleontology, v. 64, p. 155-158.
58. FÜRSICH, F.T., 1978, The influence of faunal condensation and mixing on the preservation of fossil benthic communities: Lethaia, v. 11, p. 243-250.
59. FÜRSICH, F.T., 1979, Genesis, environments and ecology of Jurassic hardgrounds: Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen, v. 158, p. 1-63.
60. FÜRSICH, F.T., 1994, Palaeoecology and evolution of Mesozoic salinity-controlled benthic assemblages: Lethaia, v. 26, p. 327-346.
61. GASKEL, B.A., 1991, Extinction patterns in Paleogene benthic foraminiferal faunas relationship to climate and sea level: PALAIOS, v. 6, p. 2-16.
62. GOLDRING, R., 1971, Shallow water sedimentation: Geological Society of London, Memoir, v. 5, p. 1-88.
63. GOLDRING, R., 1995, Organisms and substrate response and effect: in BOSENCE, D.W.J., and ALLISON, P.A., eds., Marine Palaeoenvironmental Analysis from Fossils: Geological Society of London, Special Publication 83, p. 151-180.
64. GÓMEZ, J.J., and FERNANDEZ-LÓPEZ. S., 1994, Condensation processes in shallow platforms: Sedimentary Geology, v. 92, p. 147-159.
65. HAGDORN, H., 1982, The "Bank der Kleinen Terebrateln" (upper Muschelkalk, Triassic) near Schwabisch Hall-Germany: Tempestite condensation horizon: in EINSELE, G., and SEILACHER, A., eds., Cyclic and Event Stratification: Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 263-287.
66. HAGDORN, H., 1985, Immigrations of crinoids into the German Muschelkalk basin: in BAYER, U., and SEILACHER, A., eds., Sedimentary and Evolutionary Cycles: Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, v. 1: Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 237-254.
67. HALLAM, A., 1978, How rare is phyletic gradualism and what is its evolutionary significance? Evidence from Jurassic bivalves: Paleobiology, v. 4, p. 16-25.
68. HALLAM, A., 1981, A revised sea-level curve for the Early Jurassic: Journal of the Geological Society of London, v. 138, p. 735-743.
69. HALLAM, A., 1987, Radiations and extinctions in relation to environmental change in the marine Lower Jurassic of northwest Europe: Paleobiology, v. 13, p. 152-168.
70. HALLAM, A., 1989, The case for sea-level change as a dominant factor in mass extinction of marine invertebrates: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, v. 13, p. 152-168.
71. HALLAM, A., 1992, Phanerozoic Sea-Level Changes: Columbia University Press, New York, 266 p.
72. HALLAM, A., and BRADSHAW, M.J., 1979, Bituminous shales and oolitic ironstones as indicators of transgression and regression: Journal of the Geological Society of London, v. 136, p. 157-164.
73. HANSEN, T., 1987, Extinction of late Eocene to Oligocene molluscs: Relationship to shelf area, temperature changes and impact events: PALAIOS, v. 2, p. 69-75.
74. HOLLAND, S.M., 1993, Sequence stratigraphy of a carbonate-clastic ramp: The Cincinnatian Series (Upper Ordovician in its type area): Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 105, p. 306-322.
75. HOLLAND, S.M., 1995, The stratigraphic distribution of fossils: Paleobiology, v. 21, p. 92-109.
76. HOLLAND, S.M., 1997, Using time-environment analysis to recognize faunal events in the Upper Ordovician of the Cincinnati Arch: in BRETT, C.E., and BAIRD, G.C., eds., Paleontological Events: Stratigraphic, Ecological and Evolutionary Implications: Columbia University Press, New York, p. 309-334.
77. HOLTERHOFF, P.F., 1992, Ecophenotypic variation and phylogeny within the Erisocrinacea (Crinoidea): Linkage of morphology, ecology, and sea-level in the Late Paleozoic: in LIDGARD S., and CRANE, P.R., eds., Fifth North American Paleontological Convention, Abstracts and Program: The Paleontological Society, Knoxville, p. 131.
78. HOUSE, M.R., 1985, Correlation of mid-Paleozoic ammonoid evolutionary events with global sedimentary perturbations: Nature, v. 313, p. 17-22.
79. JABLONSKI, D., 1980, Apparent versus real biotic effects of transgressions and regressions: Paleobiology, v. 6, p. 397-407.
80. JABLONSKI, D., 1985, Marine regressions and mass extinctions: A test using modern biota: in VALENTINE, J.W., ed., Phanerozoic Diversity Patterns - Profiles in Macroevolution: Princeton University Press, Princeton, p. 335-354.
81. JABLONSKI, D., 1986, Causes and consequences of mass extinctions: Comparative approach: in ELLIOT, D.K., ed., Dynamics of Extinction: Wiley Press, New York, p. 183-229.
82. JOHNSON, R.G., 1972, Conceptual models of benthic marine communities: in SCHOPF, T.J.M., ed., Models in Paleobiology: Freeman Cooper and Co., San Francisco, p. 148-159.
83. JOHNSON, J.G., 1974, Extinction of perched faunas: Geology, v. 2, p. 471-482.
84. JOHNSON, M.E., 1987, Extent and bathymetry of North America platform seas in the Early Silurian: Paleoceanography, v. 2, p. 185-211.
85. JOHNSON, R.G., KLAPPER, G., and SANDBERG, C.A., 1985, Devonian eustatic fluctuations in Euramerica: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 69, p. 567-587.
86. JONES, B., and PEMBERTON, S.G., 1989, Sedimentology and ichnology of a Pleistocene unconformity bounded, shallowing-upward carbonate sequence: The Ironshore Formation, Salt Creek, Grand Cayman: PALAIOS, v. 4, p. 343-355.
87. KAUFFMAN, E.G., 1977, Upper Cretaceous cyclothems, biotas, and environments, Rock Canyon anticline, Pueblo Colorado: The Mountain Geologist, v. 14, p. 129-152.
88. KAUFFMAN, E.G., 1981, Ecological reappraisal of the German Posidonienschiefer (Toarcian) and the stagnant basin model: in GRAY, J., BOUCOT, A.J., and BERRY, W.B.N., eds., Communities of the Past: Hutchinson Ross, Stroudsburg, p. 311-381.
89. KAUFFMAN, E.G., 1984, The fabric of Cretaceous marine extinctions: in BERGGEN, W.A., and VAN COUVERING, J.A., eds., Catastrophes and Earth History: The New Uniformitarianism, Princeton University Press, Princeton, p. 151-246
90. KAUFFMAN, E.G., 1986, High-resolution event stratigraphy: Regional and global Cretaceous bio-events: in WALLISER, O., ed., Global Bioevents, Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, v. 8: Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 279-335.
91. KAUFFMAN, E.G., and SAGEMAN, B.B., 1992, Biological patterns in sequence stratigraphy; Cretaceous of the Western Interior Basin, North America: in LIDGARD, S., and CRANE, P.R., eds., Fifth North America Paleontological Convention, Abstracts and Program: The Paleontological Society, Knoxville, p. 158.
92. KAUFFMAN, E.G., and WALLISER, O.H., EDS., 1990, Extinction Events in Earth History, Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, v. 30: Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 432 p.
93. KELLY, P.H., 1983, The role of within-species differentiation in macroevolution of Chesapeake Group bivalves: Paleobiology, v. 9, p. 261-268.
94. KIDWELL, S.M., 1991, Taphonomic feedback (live/dead interactions) in the genesis of bioclastic beds: Keys to reconstructing sedimentary dynamics: in EINSELE, G., RICKEN, W. and SEILACHER, A., eds., Cycles and Events in Stratigraphy: Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 268-282.
95. KIDWELL, S.M., and AIGNER, T., 1985, Sedimentary dynamics of complex shell beds: Implications for ecologic and evolutionary patterns: in BAYER, U., and SEILACHER, A., eds., Sedimentary and Evolutionary Cycles, Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, v. 1: Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 382-395.
96. KIDWELL, S.M., and BEHRENSMEYER, A.K., EDS., 1993, Taphonomic Approaches to Time Resolution in Fossil Assemblages: Paleontological Society Short Course No. 6, Knoxville, 302 p.
97. KIDWELL, S.M., and JABLONSKI, D., 1983, Taphonomic feedback: Ecological consequences of shell accumulation: in TEVESZ, M.J.S., and MCCALL, P.L., eds., Biotic Interactions in Recent and Fossil Benthic Communities: Plenum Press, New York, p. 195-248.
98. LANDING, E., and BRETT, C.E., 1987, Trace fossils and regional significance of a Middle Devonian (Givetian) disconformity in southwestern Ontario: Journal of Paleontology, v. 61, p. 205-230.
99. LECKIE, R.M., SCOTT, R.W., BRALOWER, T.J., and SLITER, W.V., 1992, Relationship between sequence boundaries and the evolutionary history of planktonic foraminifera, calcareous nannofossils, and reef communities in the Mid-Cretaceous (Barremian-Cenomanian): in LIDGARD, S., and CRANE, P.R., eds., Fifth North American Paleontological Convention, Abstracts and Program: The Paleontological Society, Knoxville, p. 179.
100. LEES, D.R., and EDWARDS, D., 1993, Evolutionary Patterns and Processes: Linnean Society Symposium, v. 14, Academic Press, London, p. 19-31.
101. LEVINTON, J.S., 1982, Marine Ecology: Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood, 526 p.
102. LOUTIT, T.S., HARDENBOL, J., VAIL, P.R., and BAUM, P., 1988, Condensed sections: The key to age dating and correlation of continental margin sequences: in WILGUS, C.K., HASTINGS, B.S., ST. C. KENDALL, C.G., POSAMENTIER, H.W., ROSS, C.A., and VAN WAGONER, J.C., eds., Sea-level Changes: An Integrated Approach: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publication, no. 42, p. 183-213.
103. MACARTHUR, R.H., and WILSON, E.O., 1967, The Theory of Island Biogeography: Princeton University Press, Princeton, 203 p.
104. MAPLES, C.G., and WEST, R.R., EDS., 1992, Trace fossils: Paleontological Society, Short Course No. 5, Knoxville, 238 p.
105. MCGHEE, G.R., JR., 1991, Extinction and diversification in the Devonian brachiopoda of New York: No correlation with sea level?: Historical Biology, v. 5, p. 215-227.
106. MCGHEE, G.R., JR., 1992, Evolutionary biology of the Devonian brachiopoda of New York State: No correlation with rate of change of sea-level?: Lethaia, v. 25, p. 165-172.
107. MCKERROW, S.J., 1979, The Ecology of Fossils: The MIT Press, Cambridge, 384 p.
108. MEYERS, K.J., and MILTON, N.J., 1996, Principles of sequence stratigraphy: in EMERY, D., and MEYERS, K.J., eds., Sequence Stratigraphy: Blackwell Science Ltd., Oxford, p. 11-44.
109. MILLER, W., III, 1986, Paleoecology of benthic community replacement: Lethaia, v. 19, p. 225-231.
110. MILLER, W., III, ED., 1990, Paleocommunity Temporal Dynamics: Paleontological Society, Special Publication No. 5, Knoxville, 421 p.
111. MILLER, W., III, and DUBAR, J.R., 1988, Community replacement of a Pleistocene Crepidula biostrome: Lethaia, v. 21, p. 67-78.
112. MILLER, K.B., BRETT, C.E., and PARSONS, K.M., 1988, The paleoecologic significance of storm-generated disturbance within a Middle Devonian muddy epeiric sea: PALAIOS, v. 3, p. 35-52.
113. MITCHUM, R.M., JR., VAIL, P.R., and THOMPSON, S., III, 1977, The depositional sequence as a basic unit for stratigraphie analysis: in PAYTON, C.E., ed., Seismic stratigraphy-Applications to hydrocarbon exploration: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir No. 26, p. 53-62.
114. MOORE, R.C., 1954, Evolution of the late Paleozoic invertebrates in the response to major oscillations of shallow seas: Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard, v. 122, p. 259-286.
115. MORTIMORE, R.N., and POMEROL, R., 1991, Stratigraphy and eustatic implications of trace fossil events in the Upper Cretaceous chalk of northwestern Europe: PALAIOS, v. 6, p. 216-232.
116. NEWELL, N.D., 1967, Revolutions in the history of life: Geological Society of America, Special Paper No. 89, p. 63-91.
117. ODUM, E.P., 1971, Fundamentals of Ecology: W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, 574 p.
118. PALMER, A.R., 1984, The biomere problem: Evolution of an idea: Journal of Paleontology, v. 58, p. 599-611.
119. PALMER, T.W., and PALMER, C., 1977, Faunal distribution and colonization strategy in a Middle Ordovician hardground community: Lethaia, v. 10, p. 179-266.
120. PATZKOWSKI, M.E., and HOLLAND, S.M., 1996. Faunal extinctions, migrations, and stratigraphie sequences: Middle and Upper Ordovician of the eastern United States: in WITZKE, B.D., BUNKER, W., and DAY, J., eds., Paleozoic sequences: View from the craton: Geological Society of America, Special Paper No. 306, p. 131-142.
121. PEMBERTON, S.G., and MACEACHEKN, J.A., 1997, The ichnological signature of storm deposits: The use of trace fossils in event stratigraphy: in BRETT, C.E., and BAIRD, G.C., eds., Paleontologic Events: Stratigraphic, Ecologic, and Evolutionary Implications: Columbia University Press, New York, p. 73-109.
122. POMPECKJ, J.F., 1914, Die Bedeutung des Schwabischen Jura für die Erdgeschichte: Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 64 p.
123. POSAMENTIER, H.W., and VAIL, P.R., 1988, Eustatic controls on clastic deposition II - Sequence and systems tract models: in WILGUS, C.K., HASTINGS, B.S., ST. C. KENDALL, C.G., POSAMENTIER, H.W., ROSS, C.A., and VAN WAGONER, J.C., eds., Sea-level changes: An integrated approach, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publication No. 42, p. 125-154.
124. POSAMENTIER, H.W., JERVEY, M.T., and VAIL, P.R., 1988, Eustatic controls on clastic deposition I-Conceptual framework: in WILGUS, C.K., HASTINGS, B.S., ST. C. KENDALL, C.G., POSAMENTIER, H.W., ROSS, C.A., and VAN WAGONER, J.C., eds., Sea-level changes: An integrated approach, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publication No. 42, p. 109-124.
125. RAILSBACK, L.B., ACKERLY, S.A., ANDERSON, T.F., and CISNE, J.L., 1990, Paleontological and isotope evidence for warm saline deep waters in Ordovician oceans: Nature, v. 343, p. 156-159.
126. RAMSBOTTOM, W.H.C., 1981, Eustatic control on Carboniferous ammonoid biostratigraphy: in HOUSE, M.R., and SENIOR, J.R., eds., The Ammonoidea: Systematics Association Special Publication, v. 18, Academic Press, London, p. 369-388.
127. RHOADS, D.C., SPEDEN, J.G., and WAAGE, K.M., 1972, Trophic group analysis of Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) bivalve assemblages from South Dakota: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 56 , p. 1100-1113.
128. ROLLINS, H.B., CAJROTHERS, M., and DONAHUE, J., 1979, Transgression, regression and fossil community succession: Lethaia, v. 12, p. 89-104.
129. ROSENKRANZ, D., 1971, Zur Sedimentologie and Okölogie von Echinodermen- Lagerstätten: Neues Jahrbach für Geologie and Paläontologie, Abhandlungen, v. 138, p. 221-258.
130. ROSS, C.R., and ROSS, J.P., 1988, Late Paleozoic transgressive-regressive deposition: in WILGUS, C.K., HASTINGS, B.S., ST. C. KENDALL, C.G., POSAMENTIER, H.W., ROSS, C.A., and VAN WAGONER, J.C., eds., Sea-level changes: An integrated approach, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publication No. 42, p. 227-247.
131. ROSS, C.R., and ROSS, J.P., 1994, Permian sequence stratigraphy and fossil zonation: in BEAUCHAMP, B., EMBRY, A.E., and GLASS, D., eds., Pangea Global Environments and Resources: Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 17, p. 227-247.
132. ROSS, R.M., and ALLMON, W.D., EDS., 1990, Causes of Evolution: A Paleontological Perspective: University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 479 p.
133. SADLER, P.J., 1981, Sediment accumulation rates and the completeness of stratigraphie sections: Journal of Geology, v. 89, p. 569-584.
134. SAGEMAN, B.B., 1992, Paleoecology - A cure for sequence syndrome? PALAIOS, v. 7, p. 485-486.
135. SAGEMAN, B.B., WIGNALL, P.B., and KAUFFMAN, E.G., 1991, Biofacies model for oxygen-deficient facies in epicontinental seas: Tool for paleoenvironmental analysis: in EINSELE, G., RICKEN, W., and SEILACHER, A., eds., Cycles and Events in Stratigraphy: Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 542-564.
136. SARG, J.F., 1988, Carbonate sequence stratigraphy: in WILGUS, C.K., HASTINGS, B.S., ST. C. KENDALL, C.G., POSAMENTIER, H.W., ROSS, C.A., and VAN WAGONER, J.C., eds., Sea-level changes: An integrated approach, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Special Publication No. 42, p. 155-181.
137. SAVARESE, M.L., BRETT, C.E., and GRAY, L.M., 1986, Faunal and lithological cyclicity in the Centerfield Member (Middle Devonian) Hamilton Group of western New York: A reinterpretation of depositional history: in BRETT, C.E., ed., Dynamic Stratigraphy and Depositional Environments of the Hamilton Group (Middle Devonian) in New York State, Part I: New York State Museum Bulletin 457, p. 78-101.
138. SAVRDA, C.E., 1991, Ichnology in sequence stratigraphic studies: An example from the Lower Paleocene of Alabama: PALAIOS, v. 6, p. 39-54.
139. SAVRDA, C.E., and BOTTJER, D.J., 1989, Anatomy and implications of bioturbated beds in "black shale" sequences: Examples from the Jurassic Posidonienschiefer (southern Germany): PALAIOS, v. 4, p. 330-342.
140. SAVRDA, C.E., and BOTTJER, D.J., 1991, Oxygen-related biofacies in marine strata: an overview: in TYSON, R.V., and PEARSON, T.H. eds., Modern and Ancient Continental Shelf Anoxia: Geological Society of London Special Publication No. 58, p. 291-310.
141. SAVRDA, C.E., and BOTTJER, D.J., 1994, Ichnofossils and ichnofabrics in rhythmically bedded pelagic-hemipelagic carbonates: Recognition and evaluation of benthic redox and scour cycles: in DE BOER, P.L., and SMITH, D.G., eds., Orbital Forcing and Cyclic Sequences: International Association of Sedimentologists, Special Publication No. 19, p. 195-210.
142. SCHINDEL, D.E., 1980, Microstratigraphic sampling and the limits of paleontologic resolution: Paleobiology, v. 6, p. 408-426.
143. SCHINDEL, D.E., 1982, The gaps in the fossil record: Nature, v. 297, p. 282-284.
144. SCHINDLER, E., 1990, The Late Frasnian (Upper Devonian) Kellwasser crisis: in KAUFFMAN, E.G., and WALLISER, O.H., eds., Extinction Events in Earth History, Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, v. 30: Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 151-159.
145. SCHOPF, T.J.M., 1974, Permo-Triassic extinctions: Relation to sea floor spreading: Journal of Geology, v. 82, p. 129-143.
146. SCOTT, R.W., 1978, Approaches to trophic analysis in paleocommunities: Lethaia, v. 11, p. 1-14.
147. SEILACHER, A., 1967, Bathymetry of trace fossils: Marine Geology, v. 5, p. 413-428.
148. SEILACHER, A., MATYJA, B.A., and WIERZBOWSKI, A., 1985, Oyster beds: Morphological response to changing substrate conditions: in BAYER, U., and SEILACHER, A., eds., Sedimentary and Evolutionary Cycles, Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, v. 1: Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 421-435.
149. SEILACHER, A., REIF, W.E., and WESTPHAL, F., 1985, Sedimentological, ecological and temporal patterns of fossil Lagerstätten: in WHITTINGTON, H.B., and CONWAY MORRIS, S., eds., Extraordinary Biotas: Their Ecological and Evolutionary Significance: Philosophical Transactions, Royal Society of London, v. 311, p. 5-23.
150. SELLWOOD, B.W., 1970, The relation of trace fossils to small scale sedimentary cycles in the British Lias: in CRIMES, T.P., and HARPER, J.C., eds., Trace Fossils: Seel House, Liverpool, p. 489-504.
151. SHELDON, P., 1993, Making sense of microevolutionary patterns: in LEES, R.B., and EDWARDS, D., eds., Evolutionary Patterns and Processes: Linnear Society Symposium, v, 14, p. 19-31.
152. SIGNOR, P.W., III, and LIPPS, J. H., 1982, Sampling bias, gradual extinction patterns, and catastrophes in the fossil record: in SILVER, L.T., and SCHULTZ, P.H., eds., Geological Implications of Impacts of Large Asteroids and Comets on the Earth: Geological Society of America Special Paper 190, p. 291-296.
153. SIMBERLOFF, D., 1974, Permo-Triassic extinctions: Effects of area on biotic distribution: Journal of Geology, v. 82, p. 267-274.
154. SLOSS, L.L., 1963, Sequences in the cratonic interior of North America: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 74, p. 93-119.
155. SNEDEN, J.W., 1991, Origin and sequence stratigraphie significance of large dwelling traces in the Escondido Formation (Cretaceous Texas, USA): PALAIOS, v. 6, p. 541-552.
156. STANLEY, S.M., 1984, Marine mass extinction: A dominant role for temperature: in NITECKI, M., ed., Extinctions: Chicago University Press, Chicago, p. 69-117.
157. STANLEY, S.M., 1988, Paleozoic mass extinctions: Shared patterns suggest global cooling as a common cause: American Journal of Science, v. 288, p. 334-352.
158. TAYLOR, A.M., and GAWTHORPE, R.L., 1993, Application of sequence stratigraphy and trace fossil analysis to reservoir description: Examples from the Jurassic of the North Sea: in PARKER, J.R., ed., Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference: Geological Society, London, p. 317-335.
159. VAIL, P.R., MITCHUM, R.M., JR., and THOMPSON, S., III., 1977a, Part three: Relative changes of sea-level from coastal onlap: in PAYTON, C.E., ed., Seismic stratigraphy-Applications to hydrocarbon explo- ration: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir No. 26, p. 63-82.
160. VAIL, P.R., MITCHUM, R.M., JR., and THOMPSON, S., III, 1977b, Part four: Global cycles of relative changes sea-level: in PAYTON, C.E., ed., Seismic stratigraphy - Applications to hydrocarbon exploration: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir No. 26, p. 83-97.
161. VAIL, P.R., AUDEMARD, F., BOWMAN, S.A., EISNER, P.N., and PERÊZ-CRUZ, C., 1991, The stratigraphic signatures of tectonics, eustacy and sedimentology-an overview: in EINSELE, G., RICKEN, W., and SEILACHER, A., eds., Cycles and Events in Stratigraphy: Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 617-659.
162. VAN WAGONER, J.C., POSAMENTIER, H.W., MITCHUM, R.M., JR., VAIL, P.R., SARG, J.F., LOUTIT, T.S., and HARDENBOL, J., 1988, An overview of the fundamentals of sequence stratigraphy and key definitions: in WILGUS, C.K., HASTINGS, B.S., ST. C. KENDALL, C.G., POSAMENTIER, H.W., ROSS, C.A., and VAN WAGONER, J.C., eds., Sea-level changes: An integrated approach: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Special Publication No. 42, p. 39-45.
163. VALENTINE, J.W., 1973, Evolutionary Paleoecology of the Marine Biosphere: Prentice Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, 511 p.
164. VALENTINE, J.W., 1985, Phanerozoic Diversity Patterns; Profiles in Macroevolution: Princeton University Press, Princeton, 441 p.
165. VOSSLER, S., and PEMBERTON, S.G., 1988, Superabundant Chondrites: A response to storm buried organic matter?: Lethaia, v. 21, p. 94.
166. WALKER, K.R., and ALBERSTADT, L.P., 1975, Ecological succession as an aspect of structure in fossil communities: Paleobiology, v. 1, p. 238-257.
167. WALLISER, O.H., ED., 1986a, Global bio-events: Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, v. 8: Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 442 p.
168. WALLISER, O.H., 1986b, Towards a more critical approach to bioevents: in WALLISER, O.H., ed., Global Bio-Events, A Critical Approach, Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, v. 8, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, p. 1-4.
169. WALLISER, O.H., 1990, How to define "global bioevents": in KAUFFMAN, E.G., and WALLISER, O.H., eds., Extinction Events in Earth History, Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, v. 30: Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 1-4.
170. WARME, J.E., 1975, Borings as trace fossils, and the processes of marine bioerosion: in FREY, R.W., ed., The Study of Trace Fossils: Springer-Verlag, New York, p. 181-227.
171. WETZEL, A., and AIGNER, T., 1986, Stratigraphic completeness: Tiered trace fossils provide a measuring stick: Geology, v. 14, p. 234-237.
172. WIGNALL, P.B., 1994, Black Shales: Oxford Monographs on Geology and Geophysics, v. 30, 127 p.
173. WIGNALL, P.B., and HALLAM, A., 1991, Biofacies, stratigraphic distribution and depositional models of British onshore Jurassic black shales: in TYSON, R.V., and PEARSON, T.H., eds., Modern and Ancient Continental Shelf Anoxia: Geological Society of London Special Publication No. 58, p. 291-310.
174. WILGUS, C.K., HASTINGS, B.S., ST. C. KENDALL, C.G., POSAMENTIER, H.W., ROSS, C.A., and VAN WAGONER, J.C., EDS., 1988, Sea-level changes: An integrated approach: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publication No. 42, 407 p.
175. WILLIAMS, H.S., 1903, Correlation of geological faunas: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 210, 147 p.
176. WILLIAMS, H.S., 1913, Recurrent Tropidoleptus fauna of the Upper Devonian in New York: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 79, 103 p.
177. WILSON, M.A., and PALMER, T.J., 1992, Hardgrounds andhardground faunas: Institute of Earth Studies Publications, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, v. 9, 131 p.
178. ZIEGLER, A.M., 1965, Silurian marine communities and their environmental significance: Nature, v. 207, p. 270-272.
179. ZIEGLER, A.M., COCKS, L.R.M., and BAMBACH, R.K., 1968, The composition and structure of lower Silurian marine communities: Lethaia, v. 1, p. 1-27.