The Mozart effect in rats: Response to Steele

Music Perception

Volumn 23, Issue 5, 2006, Pages 447-453

  Rauscher, Frances H ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33846032576     PISSN: 07307829     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1525/mp.2006.23.5.447     Document Type: Note

References (55)

1. Bakan, D. (1976). On method: Toward a reconstruction of psychological investigation. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
2. Bridgett, D. J., Cuevas, J. (2000). Effects of listening to Mozart and Bach on the performance of a mathematical test. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 90, 1171-1175.
3. Carstens, C. B., Huskins, E. W., & Hounshell, G. W. (1995). Listening to Mozart may not enhance performance on the revised Minnesota paper form board test. Psychological Reports, 77, 111-114.
4. Chabris, C. (1999). Prelude or requiem for the Mozart effect? Nature, 402, 826-827.
5. Classical Music Midi Page. (n.d.). Retrieved January 8, 2004, from http://www.classicalmidi.co.uk/mozart.htm
6. Cowles, J. T., & Pennington, L. A. (1943). An improved conditioning technique for determining auditory acuity of the rat. Journal of Psychology, 15, 41-47.
7. D'Amato, M. R., & Salmon, D. P. (1984). Processing of complex auditory stimuli (tunes) by rats and monkeys (Cebus apella). Animal Learning and Behavior, 12, 184-194.
8. DeSantis, D. T., & Schmaltz, L. W. (1984). The mother-litter relationship in developmental rat studies: Cannibalism vs. caring. Developmental Psychobiology, 17, 255-262.
9. Heffner, H. E., Heffner, R. S., Contos, C., & Ott, T. (1994). Audiogram of the hooded Norway rat. Hearing Research, 73, 244-247.
10. Hetland, L. (2000). Listening to music enhances spatial-temporal reasoning: Evidence for the "Mozart Effect." Journal of Aesthetic Education, 34, 105-148.
11. Husain, G., Thompson, W. F., & Schellenberg, E. G. (2002). Effects of musical tempo and mode on arousal, mood, and spatial abilities. Music Perception, 20, 151-171.
12. Isgor, C., & Sengelaub, D. R. (1998). Prenatal gonadal steroids affect adult spatial behavior, CA1 and CA3 pyramidal cell morphology in rats. Hormones and Behavior, 34, 183-198.
13. Ivanov, V. K., & Geake, J. G. (2003). The Mozart effect in children. Psychology of Music, 31, 405-413.
14. Kelly, J. B., & Masterton, B. (1977). Auditory sensitivity of the albino rat. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 91, 930-936.
15. Kenealy, P., & Monsef, A. (1994). Music and IQ tests. The Psychologist, 7, 346.
16. Li, H. H., Rauscher, F. H., Cai, Y., Cooper, R. I., Ying, Z., & Gomez-Pinilla, F. (2006). Music exposure improves maze learning and up-regulates genes related to synaptic plasticity. Manuscript submitted for publication.
17. McCutcheon, L. E. (2000). Another failure to generalize the Mozart effect. Psychological Reports, 87, 241-258.
18. McKelvie, P., & Low, J. (2002). Listening to Mozart does not improve children's spatial ability: Final curtains for the Mozart effect. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 20, 241-258.
19. McNemar, Q. (1960). At random: Sense and nonsense. American Psychologist, 15, 295-300.
20. Mozart, W. A. (1781). Sonata for two pianos in D major, K 448 [Recorded by Murray Perahia and Radu Lupu]. On Mozart Sonata for 2 pianos in D major, K. 448 and Schubert Fantasia for piano, 4 hands in F minor, D 940 [CD]. Suffolk, UK: Sony Classical. (1984)
21. Nagler, G. (n.d.). GNMIDI - MIDI Tools for Windows [Computer software]. Retrieved January 9, 2004, from http://www.gnmidi.com/
22. Nantais, K. M., & Schellenberg, E. G. (1999). The Mozart effect: An artifact of preference. Psychological Science, 10, 370-373.
23. Newman, J., Rosenbach, J. H., Burns, K. L., Latimer, B. C., Matocha, H. R., & Vogt, E. E. (1995). An experimental test of the "Mozart effect": Does listening to his music improve spatial ability? Perceptual and Motor Skills, 81, 1379-1387.
24. Poli, M., & Previde, E. P. (1991). Discrimination of musical stimuli by rats. International Journal of Comparative Psychology, 5, 7-18.
25. Rauscher, F. H. (2000, August). Is the "Mozart effect" debunked? Paper presented at the biannual meeting of the International Conference on Music Perception and Cognition, Keele University, Keele, UK.
26. Rauscher, F. H., Bowers, M. K., Dettlaff, D. M., & Scott, S. E. (2002, April). Effects of environmental, social, and auditory enrichment on maze learning in rats: Implications for arousal. Paper presented at the Cognitive Neuroscience Society, San Francisco, CA.
27. Rauscher, F. H., Robinson, K. D., & Jens, J. (1998). Improved maze learning through early music exposure in rats. Neurological Research, 20, 427-432.
28. Rauscher, F. H., Shaw, G. L., & Ky, K. N. (1993). Music and spatial task performance. Nature, 365, 611.
29. Rauscher, F. H., Shaw, G. L., & Ky, K. N. (1995). Listening to Mozart enhances spatial-temporal reasoning: Towards a neurophysiological basis. Neuroscience Letters, 185, 44-47.
30. Reblitz, A. A. (1976). Piano servicing, tuning, & rebuilding: For the professional, the student, the hobbyist. Vestal, NY: Vestal Press.
31. Rideout, B. E. (1999). Performance suppression from control procedures is not the basis of the Mozart effect. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 89, 890.
32. Rideout, B. E., Dougherty, S., & Wernert, L. (1998). Effect of music on spatial performance: A test of generality. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 86, 512-514.
33. Rideout, B. E., & Laubach, C. M. (1996). EEG correlates of enhanced spatial performance following exposure to music. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 82, 427-432.
34. Rideout, B. E., & Taylor, J. (1997). Enhanced spatial performance following 10 minutes exposure to music: A replication. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 85, 112-114.
35. Rosenthal, R. (1979). The "file drawer problem" and tolerance for null results. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 638-641.
36. Rosenthal, R., & Rubin, D. B. (1978). Interpersonal expectancy effects: The first 345 studies. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 3, 377-386.
37. Sakai, M., Kudoh, M., & Shibuki, K. (1999). Long-lasting enhancement of sound discrimination ability after sound exposure in rats. Neuroscience Research, 33, 87-97.
38. Schulkind, M. D., Posner, R. J., & Rubin, D. C. (2003). Musical features that facilitate melody identification: How do you know it's "your" song when they finally play it? Music Perception, 21, 217-249.
39. Sheet Music Archive. (n.d.). Retrieved January 8, 2004, from http://www.sheetmusicarchive.net/dlpage_new.cfm?composition_id=1363
40. Smart, R. G. (1966). Subject selection bias in psychological research. Canadian Psychologist, 7a, 115-121.
41. Steele, K. M. (2003). Do rats show a Mozart effect? Music Perception, 21, 251-265.
42. Steele, K. M., Ball, T. N., & Runk, R. (1997). Listening to Mozart does not enhance backwards digit span performance. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 84, 1179-1181.
43. Steele, K. M., Bass, K. E., & Crook, M. D. (1999). The mystery of the Mozart effect: Failure to replicate. Psychological Science, 10, 366-369.
44. Steele, K. M., Brown, J. D., & Stoecker, J. A. (1999). Failure to confirm the Rauscher and Shaw description of recover of the Mozart effect. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 88, 843-848.
45. Steele, K. M., Dalla Bella, S., Peretz, I., Dunlop, T., Dawe, L. A., Humphrey, G. K., et al. (1999). Prelude or requiem for the "Mozart effect"? Nature, 400, 827.
46. Stephenson, V. P. (2002). The effect of classical background music on spatial reasoning skills as measured by completion of a spatial task: A study of selected college undergraduates. Dissertation Abstracts International, 63(2-A), 464.
47. Sterling, T. D. (1959). Publication decisions and their possible effects on inferences drawn from tests of significance - or vice versa. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 54, 30-34.
48. Stough, C., Kerkin, B., Bates, T., & Mangan, G. (1994). Music and spatial IQ. Personality and Individual Differences, 16, 695.
49. Thompson, W. F., Schellenberg, E. G., & Husain, G. (2001). Arousal, mood, and the Mozart effect. Psychological Science, 12, 248-251.
50. Van Praag, H., Kempermann, G., & Gage, F. H. (2000). Neural consequences of environmental enrichment. Nature Neuroscience, 1, 191-198.
51. Wachter, K. W. (1988). Disturbed by meta-analysis? Science, 241, 1407-1408.
52. Walsh, R. N., & Cummins, R. A. (1975). Mechanisms mediating the production of environmentally induced brain changes. Psychological Bulletin, 82, 986-1000.
53. Weeks, S. P. (1996). The effect of music on abstract/visual reasoning performance in high school music and non-music students (Doctoral dissertation, East Texas State University, 1995). UMI Dissertation Services No. 9600110.
54. Wilson, T. L., & Brown, T. L. (1997). Reexamination of the effect of Mozart's music on spatial-task performance. Journal of Psychology, 131, 365-370.
55. Zhang, L. I., Bao, S., & Merzenich, M. M. (2001). Persistent and specific influences of early acoustic environments on primary auditory cortex. Nature Neuroscience, 4, 1123-1130.