One of Our Own: Black Female Candidates and the Voters Who Support Them

American Journal of Political Science

Volumn 51, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 49-62

  Philpot, Tasha S ^a   Walton Jr , Hanes ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33845982910     PISSN: 00925853     EISSN: 15405907     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00236.x     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Adler, Jeffrey S. 2001. "Introduction." In African-American Mayors: Race, Politics, and the American City, ed. D. R. Colburn and J. S. Adler. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, pp. 2-22.
2. Affigne, Tony. 1997. "Black Voters and Urban Regime: The Case of Atlanta." In Race and Politics: New Challenges and Responses for Black Activism, ed. J. Jennings. London: Verso, pp. 67-81.
3. Anderson-Bricker, Kristin. 1999. "Triple Jeopardy: Black Women and the Growth of the Feminist Consciousness in SNCC, 1964-1975." In Still Lifting, Still Climbing: Contemporary African American Women's Activism, ed. K. Springer. New York: New York University Press, pp. 49-69.
4. Barker, Lucius J., Mack H. Jones, and Katherine Tate. 1999. African Americans and the American Political System. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.
5. Barrett, Edith J. 1995. "The Policy Priorities of African-American Women in State Legislatures." Legislative Studies Quarterly 20(2):223-47.
6. Baxter, Sandra, and Marjorie Lansing. 1983. Women and Politics: The Visible Majority. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
7. Bobo, Lawrence, and Franklin Gilliam, Jr. 1990. "Race, Sociopolitical Participation and Black Empowerment." American Political Science Review 84(2):377-94.
8. Bositis, David A. 2000. Black Elected Officials. Washington, DC: Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies.
9. Bryce, Herrington J., and Alan E. Warrick. 1977. "Black Women in Electoral Politics." In A Portrait of Marginality: The Political Behavior of the American Woman, ed. M. Githens and J. L. Prestage. New York: David McKay, pp. 395-400.
10. Burns, Nancy, Kay Lehman Schlozman, and Sidney Verba. 2001. The Private Roots of Public Action. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
11. Canon, David T. 1999. Race, Redistricting, and Representation: The Unintended Consequences of Black Majority Districts. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
12. CAWP. 2005. Women in Elective Office 2005 Fact Sheet. New Brunswick: Eagleton Institute of Politics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey.
13. Chunn, Sherri. 2001. Mayoral Candidate Shirley Franklin Files Campaign Disclosure Report. Atlanta Business Chronicle, April 2, 2001.
14. Citrin, Jack, Donald Philip Green, and David O. Sears. 1990. "White Reactions to Black Candidates: When Does Race Matter?" Public Opinion Quarterly 54(1):74-96.
15. Clayton, Dewey M., and Angela M. Stallings. 2000. "Black Women in Congress: Striking the Balance." Journal of Black Studies 30(4):574-603.
16. Conover, Pamela J. 1988. "The Role of Social Groups in Political Thinking." British Journal of Political Science 18: 51-76.
17. Conover, Pamela Johnston. 1984. "The Influence of Group Identifications on Political Perception and Evaluation." The Journal of Politics 46(3):760-85.
18. Dahl, Robert A. 1961. Who Governs? Democracy and Power in an American City. New Haven: Yale University Press.
19. Dawson, Michael C. 1994. Behind the Mule: Race and Class in African-American Politics. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
20. Duerst-Lahti, Georgia, and Dayna Verstegen. 1995. "Making Something of Absence: The 'Year of the Woman' and Women's Representation." In Gender Power, Leadership, and Governance, ed. G. Duerst-Lahti and R. M. Kelly. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, pp. 213-38.
21. Ekstrand, Laurie E., and William Eckert. 1981. "The Impact of Candidate's Sex on Voter Choice." Western Political Quarterly 34(1):78-87.
22. Fenno, Richard. 2003. Going Home: Black Representatives and Their Constituents. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
23. Frankovic, Kathleen A. 1982. "Sex and Politics: New Alignment, Old Issues." PS 15(3):439-18.
24. Gay, Claudine. 2001. "The Effect of Black Congressional Representation on Political Participation." American Political Science Review 95(3):589-602.
25. Gay, Claudine, and Katherine Tate. 1998. "Doubly Bound: The Impact of Gender and Race on the Politics of Black Women." Political Psychology 19(1):169-84.
26. Gilliam, Franklin, Jr., and Karen M. Kaufmann. 1998. "Is There an Empowerment Life Cycle? Long-Term Black Empowerment and Its Influence on Voter Participation." Urban Affairs Review 33(6):741-66.
27. Gurin, Patricia. 1985. "Women's Gender Consciousness." Public Opinion Quarterly 49:143-63.
28. Gurin, Patricia, Shirley Hatchett, and James S. Jackson. 1989. Hope and Independence: Blacks' Response to Electoral and Party Politics. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
29. Highton, Benjamin. 2004. "White Voters and African American Candidates for Congress." Political Behavior 26(1): 1-25.
30. hooks, bell. 1981. Ain't Ia Woman: Black Women and Feminism. Boston: South End.
31. Huddy, Leonie, and Nayda Terkildsen. 1993a. "The Consequences of Gender Stereotypes for Women Candidates at Different Levels and Types of Office." Political Research Quarterly 46(3):503-25.
32. Huddy, Leonie, and Nayda Terkildsen. 1993b. "Gender Stereotypes and the Perception of Male and Female Candidates." American Journal of Political Science 37(1):119-47.
33. Hutchings, Vincent L., Nicholas A. Valentino, Tasha S. Philpot, and Ismail K. White. 2004. "The Compassion Strategy: Race and the Gender Gap in Campaign 2000." Public Opinion Quarterly 68(4):512-41.
34. Jacobson, Gary C. 1997. The Politics of Congressional Elections. New York: Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers.
35. Kahn, Kim Fridkin. 1996. The Political Consequences of Being a Woman: How Stereotypes Influence the Conduct and Consequences of Political Campaigns. New York: Columbia University Press.
36. Kaufmann, Karen M. 2004. "The Partisan Paradox: Religious Commitment and the Gender Gap in Party Identification." Public Opinion Quarterly 68(4):491-511.
37. Kaufmann, Karen M., and John R. Petrocik. 1999. "The Changing Politics of American Men: Understanding the Sources of the Gender Gap." American Journal of Political Science 43(3):864-87.
38. King, Mae C. 1975. "Oppression and Power: The Unique Status of the Black Woman in the American Political System." Social Science Quarterly 56(1):116-28.
39. Locke, Mamie E. 1997. "From Three-Fifths to Zero: Implications of the Constitution for African American Women, 1787-1870." In Women Transforming Politics: An Alternative Reader, ed. C. J. Cohen, K. B. Jones, and J. C. Tronto. New York: New York University Press, pp. 377-86.
40. Mansbridge, Jane, and Katherine Tate. 1992. "Race Trumps Gender: The Thomas Nomination in the Black Community." PS: Political Science & Politics 25(3):488-92.
41. McClerking, Harwood. 2001. We're in This Together: The Origins and Maintenance of Black Common Fate Perception. Unpublished manuscript. University of Michigan.
42. Miller, Jill Young. "Atlanta Mayoral Race: Meet the Candidates: Gloria Bromell-Tinubu; Driven by a People-First Philosophy, Long-Shot Hopeful Challenges Cronyism." The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, October 21, 2001, 3H.
43. Miller, Jill Young, and Alan Judd. "Franklin Clinches Money-Making Reign." The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, November 3, 2001, 1.
44. Norrander, Barbara. 1999a. "The Evolution of the Gender Gap." Public Opinion Quarterly 63(4):566-76.
45. Norrander, Barbara. 1999b. "Is the Gender Gap Growing?" In Reelection 1996: How Americans Voted, ed. H. F. Weisberg and J. M. Box-Steffensmeier. New York: Chatham House, pp. 145-61.
46. Paolino, Phillip. 1995. "Group-Salient Issues and Group Representation: Support for Women Candidates in the 1992 Senate Elections." American Journal of Political Science 39(2):294-313.
47. Perkins, Margo V. 1999. "Inside Our Dangerous Ranks: The Autobiography of Elaine Brown and the Black Panther Party." In Still Lifting, Still Climbing: Contemporary African American Women's Activism, ed. K. Springer. New York: New York University Press, pp. 91-106.
48. Philpot, Tasha S., and Hanes Walton. 2005. "An Historic Election in Context: The 2001 Atlanta Mayoral Election." National Political Science Review 10:43-53.
49. Prestage, Jewel Limar. 1977. "Black Women State Legislators: A Profile." In A Portrait of Marginality: The Political Behavior of the American Woman, ed. M. Githens and J. L. Prestage. New York: David McKay, pp. 401-18.
50. Reeves, Keith. 1997. Voting Hopes or Fears? White Voters, Black Candidates & Racial Politics in America. New York: Oxford University Press.
51. Roth, Benita. 1999. "The Making of the Vanguard Center: Black Feminist Emergence in the 1960s and 1970s." In Still Lifting, Still Climbing: Contemporary African American Women's Activism, ed. K. Springer. New York: New York University Press, pp. 70-90.
52. Sanbonmatsu, Kira. 2002. "Gender Stereotypes and Vote Choice." American Journal of Political Science 46(1):20-34.
53. Sapiro, Virginia, and Pamela Johnston Conover. 1997. "The Variable Gender Bias of Electoral Politics: Gender and Context in the 1992 U.S. Election." British Journal of Political Science 27:497-523.
54. Sigelman, Carol K., Lee Sigelman, Barbara J. Walkosz, and Michael Nitz. 1995. "Black Candidates, White Voters: Understanding Racial Bias in Political Perceptions." American Journal of Political Science 39(1):243-65.
55. Sigelman, Lee, and Carol K. Sigelman. 1982. "Sexism, Racism, and Ageism in Voting Behavior: An Experimental Analysis." Social Psychology Quarterly 45:263-69.
56. Sigelman, Lee, and Susan Welch. 1984. "Race, Gender, and Opinion toward Black and Female Presidential Candidates." Public Opinion Quarterly 48(2):467-75.
57. Simien, Evelyn M., and Rosalee A. Clawson. 2004. "The Intersection of Race and Gender: An Examination of Black Feminist Consciousness, Race Consciousness, and Policy Attitudes." Social Science Quarterly 85(3):793-810.
58. Swain, Carol. 1993. Black Faces, Black Interests: The Representation of African Americans in Congress. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
59. Tate, Katherine. 1993. From Protest to Politics: The New Black Voters in American Elections. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
60. Tate, Katherine. 2003. Black Faces in the Mirror: African Americans and Their Representatives in the U.S. Congress. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
61. Terkildsen, Nayda. 1993. "When White Voters Evaluate Black Candidates: The Processing Implications of Candidate Skin Color, Prejudice, and Self-Monitoring." American Journal of Political Science 37(4):1032-53.
62. Walton, Hanes, and Robert C. Smith. 2003. American Politics and the African American Quest for Universal Freedom. New York: Addison-Wesley Longman.
63. Williams, Linda. 1989. "White/Black Perceptions of the Electability of Black Political Candidates." National Political Science Review 2:45-64.
64. Wills, Garry, ed. 1982. The Federalist Papers by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay. New York: Bantam Books.
65. Wilson, William J. 1978. The Declining Significance of Race: Blacks and Changing American Institutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
66. Wirls, Daniel. 1986. "Reinterpreting the Gender Gap." Public Opinion Quarterly 50(3):316-30.
67. Zipp, John F., and Eric Plutzer. 1985. "Gender Differences in Voting for Female Candidates: Evidence from the 1982 Election." Public Opinion Quarterly 49(2): 179-97.