Effect of herd, parity, stage of lactation and milk yield on urea concentration in milk

Czech Journal of Animal Science

Volumn 51, Issue 12, 2006, Pages 510-517

  Jílek, František ^a   Rehak D ^b   Volek, J ^b   Stipkova M ^b   Nemcova E ^b   Fiedlerova M ^b   Rajmon, R ^a   Svestkova D ^a  

^a CZECH UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES PRAGUE   (Czech Republic)

^b INSTITUTE OF ANIMAL SCIENCE   (Czech Republic)

Author keywords

Dairy cow; Milk urea; Non nutritional factors

Indexed keywords

BOS TAURUS;

EID: 33845940864     PISSN: 12121819     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.17221/3971-cjas     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Arunvipas P., Dohoo I.R., Vanleeuwen J.A., Keefe G.P. (2003): The effect of non-nutritional factors on milk urea nitrogen levels in dairy cows in Prince Edward Island, Canada. Prev. Vet. Med., 59, 83-93.
2. Barton B.A., Rosario H.A., Anderson G.W., Grindle B.P., Carroll DJ. (1996): Effects of dietary crude protein, breed, parity, and health status on the fertility of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 79, 2225-2236.
3. Canfield R.W., Sniften C.J., Butler W.R. (1990): Effects of excess degradable protein on postpartum reproduction and energy balance in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci., 73, 2342-2349.
4. th Int. Conf. Prod. Diseases, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA, 397-400.
5. Carlsson J., Pehrson B. (1994): The influence of the dietary balance between energy and protein on milk urea concentration - experimental trials assessed by 2 different protein evaluation systems. Acta Vet. Scand., 35, 193-205.
6. Carlsson J., Bergstrom J., Pehrson B. (1995): Variations with breed, age, season, yield, stage of lactation and herd in the concentration of urea in bulk milk and in individual cow's milk. Acta Vet. Scand., 36, 245-254.
7. Carroll D.J., Barton B.A., Anderson G.W., Smith R.D. (1988): Influence of protein intake and feeding strategy on reproductive performance of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 71, 3470-3481.
8. Chalupa W. (1984): Discussion of protein symposium. J, Dairy Sci., 67, 1134-1146.
9. Eicher R., Bouchard E., Bigras-Poulin M. (1999a): Factors affecting milk urea nitrogen and protein concentrations in quebec dairy cows. Prev. Vet. Med., 39, 53-63.
10. Eicher R., Bouchard E., Tremblay A. (1999b): Cow level sampling factors affecting analysis and interpretation of milk urea concentrations in 2 dairy herds. Can. Vet. J. Rev. Vet. Can., 40, 487-492.
11. Emanuelson M., Ahlin K.A., Wiktorsson H. (1993): Long-term feeding of rapeseed meal and full-fat rapeseed of double low cultivars to dairy cows. Livest. Prod. Sci., 33, 199-214.
12. Faust M.A., Kilmer L.H., Funk R. (1997): Effects of laboratories for milk urea nitrogen and other milk components. J. Dairy Sci., 80 (Suppl. 1), 206.
13. Ferguson J.D., Thomsen N., Slesser D., Burris D. (1997): Pennsylvania DHIA milk urea testing. J. Dairy Sci., 80 (Suppl. 1), 161.
14. Giger R., Faissler D., Busato A., Blum J., Kupfer U. (1997): Blood parameters during early lactation and their relationship to ovarian function in dairy cows. Reprod. Dom. Anim., 32, 313-319.
15. Godden S.M., Lissemore K.D., Kelton D.F., Lumsden J.H., Leslie K.E., Walton J.S. (2000): Analytic validation of an infrared milk urea assay and effects of sample acquisition factors on milk urea results. J. Dairy Sci., 83, 435-442.
16. Godden S.M., Lissemore K.D., Kelton D.F., Leslie K.E., Walton J.S., Lumsden J.H. (2001a): Factors associated with milk urea concentrations in Ontario dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 84, 107-114.
17. Godden S.M., Lissemore K.D., Kelton D.F., Leslie K.E., Walton J.S., Lumsden J.H. (2001b): Relationships between milk urea concentrations and nutritional management, production, and economic variables in Ontario dairy herds. J. Dairy Sci., 84, 1128-1139.
18. Gustafsson A.H., Palmquist D.L. (1993): Diurnal variation of rumen ammonia, serum urea and milk urea in dairy cows at high and low yields. J. Dairy Sci., 76, 475-484.
19. Gustafsson A.H., Emanuelson M., Oltner R., Wiktorsson H. (1987): Milk urea level, its variations and how it is affected by herd, milk yield, stage of lactation, season and feeding - a field study. název publikace? Swedish University of Agricultural and Sciences, 165, 1-31.
20. Hoffmann V.M., Steinhofel O. (1990): Possibilities and limitations for appraisal of energy and protein supply through monitoring of milk urea level. Mh. Vet. Med., 45, 223-227.
21. Hojman D., Kroll O., Adin G., Gips M., Hanochi B., Ezra E. (2004): Relationships between milk urea and production, nutrition, and fertility traits in israeli dairy herds. J. Dairy Sci., 87, 1001-1011.
22. Johnson R.G., Young A.J. (2003): The association between milk urea nitrogen and DHI production variables in western commercial dairy herds. J. Dairy Sci., 86, 3008-3015.
23. Jonker J.S., Kohn R.A., Erdman R.A. (1999): Milk urea nitrogen target concentrations for lactating diary cows fed according to national research council recommendations. J. Dairy Sci., 82, 1261-1273.
24. Kaim M., Folman Y., Neumark H., Kaufmann W. (1983): The effect of protein intake and lactation number on post-partum body weight loss and reproductive performance of dairy cows. Anim. Prod., 37, 229-235.
25. Kaufmann W. (1982): Variation in composition of raw milk with special regard to the urea content. Milchwissenschaft, 37, 6-9.
26. Littell R.C., Pendergast J., Natarajan R. (2000): Modelling covariance structure in the analysis of repeated measures data. Stat. Med., 19, 1793-819.
27. Macleod G.K., Grieve D.G., McMillan I., Smith G.C. (1984): Effect of varying protein and energy densities in complete rations fed to cows in 1st lactation. J. Dairy Sci., 67, 1421-1429.
28. Ng-Kwai-Hang K.F., Hayes J.F., Moxley J.E., Monardes H.G. (1985): Percentages of protein and nonprotein nitrogen with varying fat and somatic cells in bovine milk. J. Dairy Sci., 68, 1257-1262.
29. Oldham J.D. (1984): Protein-energy interrelationships in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 67, 1090-1114.
30. Oltner R., Emanuelson M., Wiktorsson H. (1985): Urea concentrations in milk in relation to milk yield, live weight, lactation number and amount and composition of feed given to dairy cows. Livest. Prod. Sci., 12, 47-57.
31. Peterson R.G., Waldern D.E. (1981): Repeatabilities of serum constituents in Holstein-Friesians affected by feeding, age, lactation, and pregnancy. J. Dairy Sci., 64, 822-831.
32. Rajala-Schultz P.J., Saville W.J.A. (2003): Sources of variation in milk urea nitrogen in ohio dairy herds. J. Dairy Sci., 86, 1653-1661.
33. Richardt W., Jeroch H., Spilke J. (2001): The impact of nutrition and non-nutrition factors on milk urea concentration. I. The impact of nutrition factors on milk urea concentration. Arch. Tierz.-Arch. Anim. Breed., 44, 251-262.
34. Ropstad E., Vikmo L., Refsdal A.O. (1989): Levels of milk urea, plasma constituents and rumen liquid-ammonia in relation to the feeding of dairy cows during early lactation. Acta Vet. Scand., 30, 199-208.
35. SAS (2004): SAS/STAT 9.1 User's Guide. SAS Insttitute, Inc., Cary, NC.
36. Schepers A.J., Meijer R.G.M. (1998): Evaluation of the utilization of dietary nitrogen by dairy cows based on urea concentration in milk. J. Dairy Sci., 81, 579-584.
37. Self S.G., Liang K.Y. (1987): Asymptotic properties of maximum likelihood-estimators and likelihood ratio tests under nonstandard conditions. J. Am. Stat. Assoc., 82, 605-610.
38. Wattiaux M.A., Nordheim E.V., Crump P. (2005): Statistical evaluation of factors and interactions affecting dairy herd improvement of milk urea nitrogen in commercial midwest dairy herds. J. Dairy Sci., 88, 3020-3035.