QTc interval and resting heart rate as long-term predictors of mortality in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A 23-year follow-up

Diabetologia

Volumn 50, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 186-194

  Stettler, C ^a   Bearth, A ^a   Allemann, S ^a   Zwahlen, M ^a   Zanchin, L ^b   Deplazes, M ^a   Christ, E R ^a   Teuscher, A ^a   Diem, P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BERN   (Switzerland)

^b Spital Region Oberaargau   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Cardiovascular disease; Diabetes mellitus; Heart rate; Mortality; QT interval; Risk factors

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; AUTOPSY; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM; CAUSE OF DEATH; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEATH CERTIFICATE; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HAZARD ASSESSMENT; HEART RATE; HUMAN; INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICAL RECORD; MORTALITY; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; PHYSICIAN; PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QT INTERVAL; RISK ASSESSMENT; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; TIME SERIES ANALYSIS; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION; AGED; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CLINICAL TRIAL; DISEASE COURSE; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; KAPLAN MEIER METHOD; LONG QT SYNDROME; MIDDLE AGED; MULTICENTER STUDY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; PREDICTION AND FORECASTING; PROGNOSIS; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL;

ADULT; AGED; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; DISEASE PROGRESSION; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HEART RATE; HUMANS; KAPLAN-MEIERS ESTIMATE; LONG QT SYNDROME; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; PROGNOSIS; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODELS;

EID: 33845925386     PISSN: 0012186X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00125-006-0483-1     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Waernbaum I, Blohme G, Ostman J et al (2006) Excess mortality in incident cases of diabetes mellitus aged 15 to 34 years at diagnosis: a population-based study (DISS) in Sweden. Diabetologia 49:653-659
2. Soedamah-Muthu SS, Fuller JH, Mulnier HE, Raleigh VS, Lawrenson RA, Colhoun HM (2006) All-cause mortality rates in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus compared with a nondiabetic population from the UK general practice research database, 1992-1999. Diabetologia 49:660-666
3. Nathan DM, Cleary PA, Backlund JY et al (2005) Intensive diabetes treatment and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med 353:2643-2653
4. Ford ES, DeStefano F (1991) Risk factors for mortality from all causes and from coronary heart disease among persons with diabetes. Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study. Am J Epidemiol 133:1220-1230
5. Rossing P, Breum L, Major-Pedersen A et al (2001) Prolonged QTc interval predicts mortality in patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 18:199-205
6. Naas AA, Davidson NC, Thompson C et al (1998) QT and QTc dispersion are accurate predictors of cardiac death in newly diagnosed non-insulin dependent diabetes: cohort study. BrMed J 316:745-746
7. Christensen PK, Gall MA, Major-Pedersen A et al (2000) QTc interval length and QT dispersion as predictors of mortality in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 60:323-332
8. Linnemann B, Janka HU (2003) Prolonged QTc interval and elevated heart rate identify the type 2 diabetic patient at high risk for cardiovascular death. The Bremen Diabetes Study. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 111:215-222
9. Whitsel EA, Boyko EJ, Rautaharju PM et al (2005) Electrocardiographic QT interval prolongation and risk of primary cardiac arrest in diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 28:2045-2047
10. Cardoso CR, Salles GF, Deccache W (2003) Prognostic value of QT interval parameters in type 2 diabetes mellitus: results of a long-term follow-up prospective study. J Diabetes Complications 17:169-178
11. Rana BS, Band MM, Ogston S, Morris AD, Pringle SD, Struthers AD (2002) Relation of QT interval dispersion to the number of different cardiac abnormalities in diabetes mellitus. Am J Cardiol 90:483-487
12. Sawicki PT, Kiwitt S, Bender R, Berger M (1998) The value of QT interval dispersion for identification of total mortality risk in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Intern Med 243:49-56
13. Kannel WB, Kannel C, Paffenbarger RS Jr, Cupples LA (1987) Heart rate and cardiovascular mortality: the Framingham Study. Am Heart J 113:1489-1494
14. Palatini P, Julius S (1997) Heart rate and the cardiovascular risk. J Hypertens 15:3-17
15. Palatini P, Casiglia E, Julius S, Pessina AC (1999) High heart rate: a risk factor for cardiovascular death in elderly men. Arch Intern Med 159:585-592
16. Mensink GB, Hoffmeister H (1997) The relationship between resting heart rate and all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality. Eur Heart J 18:1404-1410
17. Teuscher A, Herman JB, Studer PP (1983) Vascular diseases in 534 Swiss diabetics within the scope of a multinational study. Klin Wochenschr 61:139-149 (in German)
18. Jarrett RJ, Keen H, Grabauskas V (1979) The WHO multinational study of vascular disease in diabetes: 1. General description. Diabetes Care 2:175-186
19. Lee ET, Keen H, Bennett PH, Fuller JH, Lu M (2001) Follow-up of the WHO Multinational Study of Vascular Disease in Diabetes: general description and morbidity. Diabetologia 44(Suppl 2):S3-S13
20. Fuller JH, Stevens LK, Wang SL (2001) Risk factors for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity: the WHO Multinational Study of Vascular Disease in Diabetes. Diabetologia 44(Suppl 2):S54-S64
21. Miki E, Lu M, Lee ET, Keen H, Bennett PH, Russell D (2001) The incidence of visual impairment and its determinants in the WHO Multinational Study of Vascular Disease in Diabetes. Diabetologia 44(Suppl 2):S31-S36
22. No authors listed (1985) Prevalence of small vessel and large vessel disease in diabetic patients from 14 centres. The World Health Organisation Multinational Study of Vascular Disease in Diabetics. Diabetes Drafting Group. Diabetologia 28(Suppl):615-640
23. Cowan JC, Hilton CJ, Griffiths CJ et al (1988) Sequence of epicardial repolarisation and configuration of the Twave. Br Heart J 60:424-433
24. Bazett HC (1920) An analysis of time relation of electrocardiograms. Heart 7:353-370
25. Fridericia LS (1920) Die Systolendauer im Elektrokardiogramm bei normalen Menschen und bei Herzkranken. Acta Med Scand 53:469-486
26. Sagie A, Larson MG, Goldberg RJ, Bengtson JR, Levy D (1992) An improved method for adjusting the QT interval for heart rate (the Framingham Heart Study). Am J Cardiol 70:797-801
27. Fujiura Y, Adachi H, Tsuruta M, Jacobs DR Jr, Hirai Y, Imaizumi T (2001) Heart rate and mortality in a Japanese general population: an 18-year follow-up study. J Clin Epidemiol 54:495-500
28. Sawicki PT, Dahne R, Bender R, Berger M (1996) Prolonged QT interval as a predictor of mortality in diabetic nephropathy. Diabetologia 39:77-81
29. Veglio M, Sivieri R, Chinaglia A, Scaglione L Cavallo-Perin P (2000) QT interval prolongation and mortality in type 1 diabetic patients: a 5-year cohort prospective study. Neuropathy Study Group of the Italian Society of the Study of Diabetes, Piemonte Affiliate. Diabetes Care 23:1381-1383
30. Veglio M, Borra M, Stevens LK, Fuller JH, Perin PC (1999) The relation between QTc interval prolongation and diabetic complications. The EURODIAB IDDM Complication Study Group. Diabetologia 42:68-75
31. Gillum RF, Makuc DM, Feldman JJ (1991) Pulse rate, coronary heart disease, and death: the NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study. Am Heart J 121:172-177
32. Fuller JH, McCartney P, Jarrett RJ et al (1979) Hyperglycaemia and coronary heart disease: the Whitehall study. J Chronic Dis 32:721-728
33. Dyer AR, Persky V, Stamler J et al (1980) Heart rate as a prognostic factor for coronary heart disease and mortality: findings in three Chicago epidemiologic studies. Am J Epidemiol 112:736-749
34. Filipovsky J, Ducimetiere P, Safar ME (1992) Prognostic significance of exercise blood pressure and heart rate in middle-aged men. Hypertension 20:333-339
35. Veglio M, Bruno G, Borra M et al (2002) Prevalence of increased QT interval duration and dispersion in type 2 diabetic patients and its relationship with coronary heart disease: a population-based cohort. J Intern Med 251:317-324
36. Sivieri R, Veglio M, Chinaglia A, Scaglione P, Cavallo-Perin P (1993) Prevalence of QT prolongation in a type 1 diabetic population and its association with autonomic neuropathy. The Neuropathy Study Group of the Italian Society for the Study of Diabetes. Diabet Med 10:920-924
37. Ewing DJ, Boland O, Neilson JM, Cho CG, Clarke BF (1991) Autonomic neuropathy, QT interval lengthening, and unexpected deaths in male diabetic patients. Diabetologia 34:182-185
38. Veglio M, Chinaglia A, Borra M, Perin PC (1995) Does abnormal QT interval prolongation reflect autonomic dysfunction in diabetic patients? QTc interval measure versus standardized tests in diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Diabet Med 12:302-306
39. Vinik AI, Maser RE, Mitchell BD, Freeman R (2003) Diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Diabetes Care 26:1553-1579
40. Ewing DJ, Neilson JM (1990) QT interval length and diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Diabet Med 7:23-26
41. Schwartz CJ, Valente AJ, Sprague EA, Kelley JL, Cayatte AJ, Rozek MM (1992) Pathogenesis of the atherosclerotic lesion. Implications for diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 15:1156-1167
42. Diem P, Deplazes M, Fajfr R et al (2003) Effects of alcohol consumption on mortality in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 46:1581-1585
43. Ahnve S (1991) Is QT interval prolongation a strong or weak predictor for cardiac death? Circulation 84:1862-1865
44. Molgaard H, Mickley H, Pless P, Bjerregaard P, Moller M (1993) Effects of metoprolol on heart rate variability in survivors of acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 71:1357-1359
45. Somers VK, Conway J, Johnston J, Sleight P (1991) Effects of endurance training on baroreflex sensitivity and blood pressure in borderline hypertension. Lancet 337:1363-1368
46. Palatini P (1999) Need for a revision of the normal limits of resting heart rate. Hypertension 33:622-625
47. Selvin E, Marinopoulos S, Berkenblit G et al (2004) Meta-analysis: glycosylated hemoglobin and cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med 141:421-431
48. Stettler C, Allemann S, Jüni P et al (2006) Glycemic control and macrovascular disease in type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus: meta-analysis of randomized trials. Am Heart J 152:27-38