Scaling innovation in South East Asia: Empirical evidence from Singapore, Penang (Malaysia) and Bangkok

Regional Studies

Volumn 40, Issue 9, 2006, Pages 1005-1023

  Diez, Javier Revilla ^a   Kiese, Matthias ^a  

^a LEIBNIZ UNIVERSITY HANNOVER   (Germany)

Author keywords

Regional innovation system

Indexed keywords

INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT; INNOVATION; MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISE; REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT; RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT;

ASIA; BANGKOK; CENTRAL REGION [THAILAND]; EURASIA; KRUNG THEP MAHANAKHON; MALAYSIA; PENANG; SINGAPORE [SOUTHEAST ASIA]; SOUTHEAST ASIA; THAILAND; WEST MALAYSIA;

EID: 33845686745     PISSN: 00343404     EISSN: 13600591     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00343400600928277     Document Type: Article

References (134)

1. Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR).(2004) National Survey of R&D in Singapore 2003. A*STAR.
2. Amin, A.(2000). Organisational learning through communities of practice. Paper presented at the Workshop on 'The Firm in Economic Geography' Portsmouth UK March 9-11 2000.
3. Archibugi, D. and Michie, J. (1995) The globalisation of technology: A new taxonomy Cambridge Journal of Economics 19, pp. 121-140.
4. Archibugi, D. and Michie, J.(1997) Technological globalisation and national systems of innovation. In Technology, Globalisation and Economic Performance. (pp. 1-23). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
5. Arndt, O. and Sternberg, R. (2000) Do manufacturing firms profit from intraregional innovation linkages? An empirical based answer European Planning Studies 8, pp. 465-485.
6. Arocena, R. and Sutz, J. (1998) Looking at national systems of innovation from the south Industry and Innovation 7, pp. 55-75.
7. Asheim, B. and Vang, J.(2004). What can regional systems of innovation and learning regions offer developing regions?. Paper presented at the 2nd Globelics Conference Beijing China October 2004.
8. Autio, E. (1998) Evaluation of RTD in regional systems of innovation European Planning Studies 6, pp. 131-140.
9. Berger, M. (2005) Upgrading the system of innovation in late-industrialising countries -the role of transnational corporations in Thailand's manufacturing sector. PhD dissertation, University of Kiel, Kiel (available at: http://e-diss.uni-kiel.de/diss_1722) (accessed on 1 November 2006)
10. Blanc, H. and Sierra, C. (1999) The internationalisation of R&D by multinationals: A trade-off between external and internal proximity Cambridge Journal of Economics 23, pp. 187-206.
11. Boschma, R. (2004) Competitiveness of regions from an evolutionary perspective Regional Studies 38, pp. 1001-1014.
12. Boschma, R. (2005) Proximity and innovation: A critical assessment Regional Studies 39, pp. 61-74.
13. Breschi, S.(1999) Spatial patterns of innovation: Evidence from patent data. In The Organization of Economic Innovation in Europe. (pp. 71-102). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
14. Breschi, S. and Lissoni, F. (2001) Localised knowledge spillovers vs. innovative milieux: Knowledge 'tacitness' reconsidered Papers in Regional Science 80, pp. 255-273.
15. Breschi, S. and Malerba, F.(1997) Sectoral innovation systems: technological regimes, Schumpeterian dynamics, and spatial boundaries. In Systems of Innovation: Technologies, Institutions and Organizations. (pp. 130-155). London: Pinter.
16. Brezis, E. and Krugman, P. and Tsiddon, D. (1993) Leapfrogging in international competition: A theory of cycles in national technological leadership American Economic Review 83, pp. 1211-1219.
17. Brown, J. and Duguid, P.(1996) Organizational learning and communities of practice. In Organizational Learning. (pp. 58-82). Thousand Oaks CA: Sage.
18. Bunnell, T. and Coe, N. (2001) Spaces and scales of innovation Progress in Human Geography 25, pp. 569-589.
19. Cantwell, J. (1999) From the early internationalization of corporate technology to global technology sourcing Transnational Corporations 8, pp. 71-92.
20. Cantwell, J. and Iammarino, S. (2000) Multinational corporations and the location of technological innovation in the UK regions Regional Studies 34, pp. 317-332.
21. Cantwell, J. and Janne, O. (1999) Technological globalization and innovative centres: The role of corporate technological leadership and locational hierarchy Research Policy 28, pp. 119-144.
22. Carlsson, B. and Jacobsson, S.(1997) Diversity creation and technological systems: A technology policy perspective. In Systems of Innovation. Technologies, Institutions and Organizations. (pp. 266-294). London: Pinter.
23. Carlsson, B. and Stankiewicz, R. (1991) On the nature, function and composition of technological systems Journal of Evolutionary Economics 1, pp. 93-118.
24. Castells, M.(1988) The Developmental City-State in an Open World Economy: The Singapore Experience Berkeley CA: Berkeley Roundtable on the International Economy (BRIE). Working Paper No. 31
25. Chan, K.(2000) State, economy and culture: Reflections on the Chinese business networks. In Chinese Business Networks: State, Economy and Culture. (pp. 1-13). Singapore: Prentice-Hall.
26. Chesnais, F.(1988) Multinational enterprise and the international diffusion of technology. In Technical Change and Economic Theory. (pp. 111-143). London: Pinter.
27. Cohen, W. and Levinthal, D. (1990) Absorptive capacity: A new perspective on learning and innovation Administrative Science Quarterly 35, pp. 128-152.
28. Cooke, P. (1992) Regional innovation systems: Competitive regulation in the new Europe Geoforum 23, pp. 365-382.
29. Cooke, P.(2004) Introduction: Regional innovation systems -an evolutionary approach. In Regional Innovation Systems: The Role of Governance in a Globalized World 2nd Edn. (pp. 1-18). London: UCL Press.
30. Cooke, P. and Heidenreich, M. and Braczyk, H.-J. (Eds)(2004) Regional Innovation Systems: The Role of Governance in a Globalized World 2nd Edn. London: UCL Press.
31. Dahlman, C. and Nelson, R.(1995) Social absorption capability, national innovation systems and economic development. In Social Capability and Long-term Economic Growth. (pp. 82-122). New York NY: St Martin's. Macmillan, London
32. Doloreux, D. (2004) Regional innovation systems in Canada: A comparative study Regional Studies 38, pp. 481-494.
33. Dosi, G. (1982) Technological paradigms and technological trajectories: a suggested interpretation of the determinants and directions of technical change Research Policy 11, pp. 147-162.
34. Dosi, G.(1988) The nature of the innovative process. In Technical Change and Economic Theory. (pp. 221-238). London: Pinter.
35. Ducatel, K. and Miles, I.(1995) The end of the Cinderella syndrome? Service innovation in the information economy. In Management of Technology and Regional Development in a Global Environment: An International Perspective. (pp. 145-160). London: Chapman.
36. Dunning, J. (1994) Multinational enterprises and the globalization of innovatory capacity Research Policy 23, pp. 67-88.
37. Edquist, C.(1997) Systems of innovation approaches - their emergence and characteristics. In Systems of Innovation: Technologies, Institutions and Organizations. (pp. 1-35). London: Pinter.
38. Ernst, D. (2002) Global production networks and the changing geography of innovation systems: Implications for developing countries Economics of Innovation and New Technology 11, pp. 497-523.
39. Fischer, M. and Revilla Diez, J. and Snickars, F.(2001) Metropolitan Innovation Systems: Theory and Evidence from Three Metropolitan Regions in Europe. Berlin: Springer.
40. Florida, R. (1995) Toward the learning region Futures 27, pp. 527-536.
41. Florida, R. (1997) The globalization of R&D: Results of a survey of foreign-affiliated R&D laboratories in the USA Research Policy 26, pp. 85-103.
42. Foss, N. (1998) The competence-based approach: Veblenian ideas in the modern theory of the firm Cambridge Journal of Economics 22, pp. 479-496.
43. Freeman, C.(1987) Technology Policy and Economic Performance: Lessons from Japan. London: Pinter.
44. Freeman, C. (1995) The national system of innovation in historical perspective Cambridge Journal of Economics 19, pp. 5-24.
45. Fromhold-Eisebith, M.(2001) Technologieregionen in Asiens Newly Industrialised Countries - Strukturen und Beziehungsmuster am Beispiel von Bangalore, Indien und Bandung, Indonesien. Münster: Lit.
46. Galli, R. and Teubal, M.(1997) Paradigmatic shifts in national innovation systems. In Systems of Innovation: Technologies, Institutions and Organizations. (pp. 342-370). London: Pinter.
47. Gertler, M. (1995) 'Being there': Proximity, organization, and culture in the development and adoption of advanced manufacturing technologies Economic Geography 71, pp. 1-26.
48. Gertler, M. (2001) Best practice? Geography, learning and the institutional limits to strong convergence Journal of Economic Geography 1, pp. 5-26.
49. Gomez, E. and Jomo, K.(1999) Malaysia's Political Economy: Politics, Patronage and Profits 2nd Edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
50. Grupp, H.(1998) Foundations of the Economics of Innovation: Theory, Measurement and Practice. Cheltenham: Elgar.
51. Gu, S.(1999) Implications of National Innovation Systems for Developing Countries: Managing Change and Complexity in Economic Development. Maastricht: INTECH. Discussion Paper Series
52. Håkanson, H. and Snehota, I. (1997) No business is an island: The network concept of business strategy Scandinavian Journal of Management 4, pp. 187-200.
53. Hall, P.(1994) Innovation, Economics and Evolution: Theoretical Perspectives on Changing Technology in Economic Systems. New York NY: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
54. Hassink, R. (2001) The learning region: A fuzzy concept or a sound theoretical basis for modern regional innovation policies? Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftsgeographie 45, pp. 219-230.
55. Hayek, F. (1937) Economics and knowledge Economia pp. 33-54.
56. Hayek, F. (1945) The use of knowledge in society American Economic Review 35, pp. 519-530.
57. Hertog, P.(2002) Co-producers of innovation: On the role of knowledge-intensive business services in innovation. In Productivity, Innovation and Knowledge in Services: New Economic and Socio-economic Approaches. (pp. 223-255). Cheltenham: Elgar.
58. Howells, J.(1999) Regional systems of innovation?. In Innovation Policy in a Global Economy. (pp. 67-93). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
59. Howells, J.(2001) The nature of innovation in services. In Innovation and Productivity in Services. (pp. 55-79). Paris: OECD.
60. Howells, J. and Michie, J. (1998) Technological competitiveness in an international arena International Journal of the Economics of Business 5, pp. 279-293.
61. Huff, W. (1995) The developmental state, government, and Singapore's economic development since 1960 World Development 23, pp. 1421-1438.
62. Iammarino, S. and Michie, J. (1998) The scope of technological globalisation International Journal of the Economics of Business 5, pp. 335-353.
63. Johnson, B.(1997) Systems of innovation: Overview and basic concepts. In Systems of Innovation: Technologies, Institutions and Organizations. (pp. 36-40). London: Pinter.
64. Jomo, K.(2004) Southeast Asian developmental states in comparative East Asian perspective. In Developmental States: Relevancy, Redundancy or Reconfiguration. (pp. 57-77). Hauppauge NY: Nova Science.
65. Kiese, M.(2004) Regionale Innovationspotentiale und innovative Netzwerke in Südostasien: Innovations- und Kooperationsverhalten von Industrieunternehmen in Singapur. Münster: Lit.
66. Kline, S. and Rosenberg, N.(1986) An overview of innovation. In The Positive Sum Strategy: Harnessing Technology for Economic Growth. (pp. 275-305). Washington DC: National Academy Press.
67. Koopmann, G. and Münnich, F.(1999) National and international developments in technology: Trends, patterns and implications for policy. In Intereconomics. (pp. 267-278).
68. Koschatzky, K.(2000) A river is a river: Cross-border networking between Alsace and Baden. In European Planning Studies. (pp. 429-449).
69. Koschatzky, K. and Sternberg, R.(2000) R&D cooperation in innovation systems - some lessons from the European Regional Innovation Survey (ERIS). In European Planning Studies. (pp. 487-501).
70. Krugman, P.(1994) The myth of Asia's miracle. In Foreign Affairs. (pp. 62-78).
71. Lall, S.(2000) Technological change and industrialization in the Asian newly industrializing economies: Achievements and challenges. In Technology, Learning, and Innovation: Experience of Newly Industrializing Economies. (pp. 13-68). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
72. Lall, S.(2001) Competitiveness, Technology and Skills. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
73. Low, L.(2002) National University of Singapore Business School Research Paper No. 2002-004. In Rethinking the Singapore Development State and Growth Model. Singapore: NUS.
74. Lundvall, B.-A.(1988) Innovation as an interactive process: From user-producer interaction to the national system of innovation. In Technical Change and Economic Theory. (pp. 349-369). London: Pinter.
75. Lundvall, B.-A.(1992) National Systems of Innovation: Towards a Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning. London: Pinter.
76. Lundvall, B.-A.(1993) Explaining interfirm cooperation and innovation: limits of the transaction-cost approach. In The Embedded Firm: On the Socioeconomics of Industrial Networks. (pp. 52-64). London: Routledge.
77. Lundvall, B.-A. (1998) Why study national systems and national styles of innovation? Technology Analysis and Strategic Management 10, pp. 407-421.
78. Lundvall, B.-A. and Johnson, B. and Andersen, E. and Dalum, B. (2002) National systems of production, innovation and competence building Research Policy 31, pp. 213-231.
79. Markusen, A. (1996) Sticky places in slippery space: A typology of industrial districts Economic Geography 72, pp. 293-313.
80. Malaysian Science and Technology Information Centre (MASTIC).(2001) National Survey of Innovation 1997-1999. Kuala Lumpur: MASTIC. (available at: http://www.mastic.gov.my) (accessed on 1 November 2006)
81. Malaysian Science and Technology Information Centre (MASTIC). (2003) National Survey of Innovation 2000-2001. Putrajaya: MASTIC. (available at: http://www.mastic.gov.my) (accessed on 1 November 2006)
82. Malaysian Science and Technology Information Centre (MASTIC).(2004) National Survey of Research and Development 2004 Report. Putrajaya: MASTIC. (available at: http://www.mastic.gov.my) (accessed on 1 November 2006)
83. Mathews, J. (2001) National systems of economic learning: The case of technology diffusion management in East Asia International Journal of Technology Management 22, pp. 455-479.
84. Miles, I.(1994) Innovation in services. In The Handbook of Industrial Innovation. (pp. 243-256). Aldershot: Edward Elgar.
85. Morgan, K. (2004) The exaggerated death of geography: Learning, proximity and territorial innovation systems Journal of Economic Geography 4, pp. 3-21.
86. Moulaert, F. and Sekia, F. (2003) Territorial innovation models: A critical survey Regional Studies 37 pp. 289-302.
87. Nelson, R. and Rosenberg, N.(1993) Technical innovation and national systems. In National Systems of Innovation: A Comparative Study. (pp. 3-21). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
88. North, D. (1994a) Economic performance through time American Economic Review 84, pp. 359-368.
89. North, D.(1994b) Institutional competition. In Locational Competition in the World Economy. (pp. 27-37). Tübingen: Mohr.
90. National Science and Technology Board (NSTB).(various years) National Survey of R&D in Singapore. Singapore: NSTB.
91. OECD.(1997) Oslo Manual: Proposed Guidelines for Collecting and Interpreting Technological Innovation Data 2nd Edn. Paris: OECD.
92. OECD.(2002) Main Science and Technology Indicators. Paris: OECD.
93. Ohmae, K.(1995) The End of the Nation State: The Rise of Regional Economies. London: HarperCollins.
94. Oinas, P. and Malecki, E.(1999) Spatial innovation systems. In Making Connections: Technological Learning and Regional Economic Change. (pp. 7-33). Aldershot: Ashgate.
95. Oinas, P. and Malecki, E. (2002) The evolution of technologies in time and space: From national and regional to spatial innovation systems International Regional Science Review 25, pp. 102-131.
96. Park, S. and Markusen, A. (1995) Generalizing new industrial districts: a theoretical agenda and an application from a non-Western economy Environment and Planning A 27, pp. 81-104.
97. Patel, P. and Pavitt, K. (1991) Large firms in the production of the world's technology: An important case of 'non-globalization' Journal of International Business Studies 22, pp. 1-21.
98. Pearce, R. (1999) Decentralized R&D and strategic competitiveness: globalized approaches to generation and use of technology in multinational enterprises (MNEs) Research Policy 28, pp. 157-178.
99. Penrose, E.(1959) The Theory of the Growth of the Firm. Oxford: Blackwell.
100. Perez, C. (1985) Microelectronics, long waves and world structural change: New perspectives for developing countries World Development 13, pp. 441-463.
101. Perroux, F. (1950) Economic space: Theory and applications Quarterly Journal of Economics 64, pp. 89-104.
102. Perroux, F. (1955) Note sur la Notion de 'Pôle de Croissance' Économie Appliquée 8, pp. 307-320.
103. Pralahad, C. and Hamel, G. (1990) The core competence of the corporation Harvard Business Review 68, pp. 79-91.
104. Rallet, A. and Torre, A.(1998) On geography and technology: Proximity relations in localised innovation networks. In Clusters and Regional Specialisation: On Geography, Technology and Networks. (pp. 41-56). London: Pion.
105. Reger, G. (1998) Changes in the R&D strategies of transnational firms: Challenges for national technology and innovation policy STI Review, 22, pp. 243-276.
106. Revilla Diez, J.(2002) Innovation activities and networks in metropolitan systems of innovation: Empirical findings from Barcelona, Vienna and Stockholm. In Technological Change and Regional Development in Europe. (pp. 156-173). Heidelberg: Springer.
107. Revilla Diez, J. and Berger, M. (2005) The role of multinational corporations in metropolitan innovation systems - empirical evidence from Europe and South East Asia Environment and Planning A 37, pp. 1813-1836.
108. Revilla Diez, J. and Berger, M. (2006) Do firms require an efficient innovation system for the development of technological and innovation capabilities? - empirical evidence from Singapore, Malaysia, and Thailand International Journal of Technology Management 36 pp. 267-285.
109. Rugman, A.(2000) The End of Globalization. London: Random House Business.
110. Saxenian, A.(1994) Regional Advantage: Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.
111. Schätzl, L. and Revilla Diez, J.(2002) Technological Change and Regional Development in Europe. Heidelberg: Springer.
112. Schein, E.(1996) Strategic Pragmatism. In. Toppan, Singapore: The Culture of Singapore's Economic Development Board.
113. Sierra, C. (1997) Proximité(s), interactions technologiques et territoriales: Une revue Revue d'Économie Industrielle, 82, pp. 7-38.
114. Smith, K.(2000) What is the 'Knowledge Economy'? Knowledge-intensive Industries and Distributed Knowledge Bases. Luxembourg: CORDIS.
115. Soete, L. (1985) International diffusion of technology, industrial development and technological leapfrogging World Development 13, pp. 409-423.
116. Sternberg, R. (2000) Innovation networks and regional development - evidence from the European Regional Innovation Survey (ERIS): theoretical concepts, methodological approach, empirical basis and introduction to the theme issue European Planning Studies 8, pp. 389-407.
117. Storper, M. (1996) Innovations as collective action: Conventions, products and technologies Industrial and Corporate Change 5, pp. 761-790.
118. Stracke, S. (2003) Technologische Leistungsfähigkeit im Innovationssystem Penang, Malaysia. PhD dissertation, Hannover University, Hannover
119. The Economist. (2004) Asia's auto industry - motown in Thailand The Economist pp. 64.
120. The World Bank.(1993) The East Asian Miracle: Economic Growth and Public Policy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
121. The World Bank.(2005) World Development Indicators. Washington DC: World Bank.
122. Torre, A. and Rallet, A. (2005) Proximity and localization Regional Studies 39, pp. 47-59.
123. UNESCO.(1999) Statistical Yearbook 1999. Paris: UNESCO.
124. UNESCO. (2004) Selected R&D Indicators: New Available Data for 1996-2002. (available at: http://www.uis.unesco.org) (accessed on 22 April 2005)
125. Viotti, E. (2002) National learning systems: A new approach on technological change in late industrializing economies and evidences from the cases of Brazil and South Korea Technological Forecasting and Social Change 69, pp. 653-680.
126. Wenger, E.(1999) Communities of Practice: Learning, Meaning and Identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
127. Wernerfelt, B. (1984) A resource-based view of the firm Strategic Management Journal 5, pp. 171-180.
128. Williamson, O.(2005) Transaction cost economics. In Handbook of New Institutional Economics. (pp. 41-65). Dordrecht: Springer.
129. Wong, P.(1995) National Innovation System: The Case of Singapore. Seoul: Science and Technology Policy Institute (STEPI).
130. Wong, P.(1999). National innovation systems for rapid technological catch-up: An analytical framework and a comparative analysis of Korea, Taiwan and Singapore. Paper presented at the DRUID Summer Conference on National Innovation Systems, 'Industrial Dynamics and Innovation Policy' DenmarkJune1999. In [pp. 9-12].
131. Wong, P. (2001) Leveraging multinational corporations, fostering technopreneurship: The changing role of S&T policy in Singapore International Journal of Technology Management 22, pp. 539-567.
132. Wong, P. and Kiese, M. and Singh, A. and Wong, F. (2003) The pattern of innovation in Singapore's manufacturing sector Singapore Management Review 25, pp. 1-34.
133. Yen, C.-H. and Yan, Q.(2002) The Ethnic Chinese in Southeast Asia: Business, Culture, and Politics. Singapore: Times Academic.
134. Yeung, H. (2001) Organising regional production networks in Southeast Asia: Implications for production fragmentation, trade, and rules of origin Journal of Economic Geography 1, pp. 299-321.